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971.
972.
Trophozoites of E. histolytica are equipped with two chagasin-like cysteine protease inhibitors, EhICP1 and EhICP2, also known as amoebiasin 1 and 2. Expression studies using E. invadens as model organism showed that corresponding mRNAs were detectable in both life stages of the parasite, cyst and trophozoite state. Unlike EhICP1 known to act in the cytosol, EhICP2 co-localized with cysteine protease EhCP-A1 in lysosome-like vesicles, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Silencing or overexpressing of the two inhibitors did not show any effect on morphology and viability of the trophozoites. Overexpression of the EhICPs, however, although dramatically dampening the proteolytic activity of cell extracts from the corresponding cell lines, did not influence expression rate or localization of the major amoebic cysteine proteases as well as phagocytosis and digestion of erythrocytes. Activity gels of cell extracts from strains overexpressing ehicp1 showed a drastically reduced activity of EhCP-A1 suggesting a high affinity of EhICP1 towards this protease. From these data, we propose that EhCP-A1 accidentally released into the cytosol is the main target of EhICP1, whereas EhICP2, beside its role in house-keeping processes, may control the proteolytic processing of other hydrolases or fulfils other tasks different from protease inhibition. 相似文献
973.
Difference in feeding behaviors of two invasive whiteflies on host plants with different suitability: implication for competitive displacement 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Liu B Yan F Chu D Pan H Jiao X Xie W Wu Q Wang S Xu B Zhou X Zhang Y 《International journal of biological sciences》2012,8(5):697-706
In China, Bemisia tabaci Q (commonly known as biotype Q) has rapidly displaced B (commonly known as biotype B) in the past 6 years. The mechanisms underlying such phenomenon have been studied extensively in recent years; however, we have not come to a definitive conclusion yet. In the present study, the differences in host suitability between B and Q whitefly adults to five host plants (cabbage, cotton, cucumber, poinsettia, and tomato) were evaluated based on their respective feeding behaviors using a direct-current electrical penetration graph (DC-EPG) system. Pair-wise comparisons of B. tabaci B and Q feeding on each of the five host plants clearly indicate that Q feeds better than B on tomato, cotton and poinsettia, while B feeds better than Q on cabbage and cucumber. The EPG parameters related to both phloem and non-phloem phases confirm that cabbage and cucumber are best suited to B, while tomato, cotton, and poinsettia are best suited to Q. Our present results support the contention that host suitability and adult feeding behavior contribute to the competitive displacement of biotype B by biotype Q. The discrepancy between field (previous studies) and laboratory results (this study), however, suggests that 1) whitefly displacement is apparently contributed by multiple factors; and 2) factor(s) other than the host plant suitability may play a vital role in dictating the whitefly biotypes in the field. 相似文献
974.
本文通过采用可控酶解的方式酶解大豆蛋白获得了一种源自大豆的天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂SAPI( soy aspartic proteinase inhibitor).酶解液经过DEAE-52阴离子交换层析、Superdex Peptide 10/300 GL凝胶层析、SOURCE 15RPC反相层析分离后最终比抑制活力为254.2 IU/mg,纯化倍数为62.SAPI对胃蛋白酶(3000U)半数抑制浓度IC50为25.67 μg/mL,有良好的热稳定性,属于一种非竞争性抑制剂. 相似文献
975.
Lys05 is a previously undescribed dimeric chloroquine which more potently accumulates in the lysosome and blocks autophagy compared with HCQ. Lys05 produced more potent antitumor activity as a single agent both in vitro and in vivo in multiple human cancer cell lines and xenograft models compared with HCQ. Initial structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated that the increased activity associated with Lys05 was due to the bivalent aminoquinoline rings, C7-Chlorine, and a short triamine linker. While lower doses of Lys05 were well tolerated and associated with antitumor activity, at the highest dose tested, Lys05 produced Paneth cell dysfunction and intestinal toxicity, similar to what can be observed in mice and humans with genetic defects in the autophagy gene ATG16L1. Lys05 is therefore a new lysosomal autophagy inhibitor that has potential to be developed further into a drug for cancer and other medical applications. 相似文献
976.
977.
978.
Abstract Insects protect themselves against microbial infection by an efficient innate immune system that is activated by recognition of invariant microbial surface molecules. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster the presence of bacteria is associated with expression of antimicrobial peptides in host immune‐competent tissues. Host receptors detect infection and relay the signal to mount the appropriate immune response. In Drosophila hemocyte‐like l(2)mbn cells pre‐infection treatment with Pefabloc, a commonly used serine protease inhibitor, induced two major effects: it blocked expression of the antibacterial peptide Diptericin in response to live Gram‐negative bacteria and bacterial surface molecules (crude lipopolysaccharide contaminated by peptidoglycans) and it induced morphological changes. 相似文献
979.
Butyrate has been recently identified as a natural ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor 41(GPR41).In addition,it is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase(HDAC).Butyrate treatment results in the hyperacetylation of histones,with resultant multiple biological effects including inhibition of proliferation,induction of cell cycle arrest,and apoptosis,in a variety of cultured mammalian cells.However,it is not clear whether GPR41 is actively involved in the above-mentioned processes.In this study,we generated a stable cell line expressing the hGPR41 receptor in order to investigate the involvement of GPR41 on butyrate-induced biochemical and physiologic processes.We found that GPR41 activation may be a compensatory mechanism to counter the increase in histone H3 acetylation levels induced by butyrate treatment.Moreover,GPR41 had an inhibitory effect on the anti-proliferative,pro-apoptotic effects of butyrate.GPR41 expression induced cell cycle arrest at the G1-stage,while its activation by butyrate can cause more cells to pass the G1 checkpoint.These results indicated that GPR41 was associated with histone acetylation and might be involved in the acetylation-related regulation of cell processes including proliferation,apoptosis,and the cell cycle. 相似文献
980.