Characterization of Rat CD4 T Cell Clones Specific for the Major Surface Glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii

ABSTRACT. Pneumocystis carinii are coated by abundant heterogenous major surface glycoproteins (MSGs), which facilitate interaction with the host. We have produced MSG-specific T-cell clones from the spleens of P. carinii -exposed Lewis rats and analyzed five for antigen specificity to native MSG and a recombinant form of MSG, cell surface markers, and cytokine profiles. All five of the clones were CD4+. All of the clones proliferated specifically to both the native MSG and the recombinant MSG only in the presence of antigen presenting cells demonstrating that the response is antigen/driven rather than mitogen/driven. All five of the clones secreted IL-2 and IFN-γ, although in differing amounts, implicating a Th l response. Only one of the clones produced any detectable IL-4. This is the first report of T cell clones responsive to a specific antigen of P. carinii , MSG. We conclude that the T cell clones will be helpful in mapping protective epitopes present in MSG and in functional studies of MSG.     

Lung surfactant in subacute pulmonary disease

Pulmonary surfactant is a surface active material composed of both lipids and proteins that is produced by alveolar type II pneumocytes. Abnormalities of surfactant in the immature lung or in the acutely inflamed mature lung are well described. However, in a variety of subacute diseases of the mature lung, abnormalities of lung surfactant may also be of importance. These diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia, and alveolar proteinosis. Understanding of the mechanisms that disturb the lung surfactant system may lead to novel rational therapies for these diseases.     

Age‐specific infectious period shapes dynamics of pneumonia in bighorn sheep

Superspreading, the phenomenon where a small proportion of individuals contribute disproportionately to new infections, has profound effects on disease dynamics. Superspreading can arise through variation in contacts, infectiousness or infectious periods. The latter has received little attention, yet it drives the dynamics of many diseases of critical public health, livestock health and conservation concern. Here, we present rare evidence of variation in infectious periods underlying a superspreading phenomenon in a free‐ranging wildlife system. We detected persistent infections of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, the primary causative agent of pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), in a small number of older individuals that were homozygous at an immunologically relevant genetic locus. Interactions among age‐structure, genetic composition and infectious periods may drive feedbacks in disease dynamics that determine the magnitude of population response to infection. Accordingly, variation in initial conditions may explain divergent population responses to infection that range from recovery to catastrophic decline and extirpation.     

TGF-beta1 在不同类型特发性间质性肺炎患者肺组织中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨TGF-β1在不同类型特发性间质性肺炎患者肺组织中的表达及其意义。方法:选取2010年2月至2013年12月在我院就诊的72例经支气管镜肺活检的不同类型的特发性间质性肺炎患者的组织标本,对其转化生长因子-β1表达程度进行评定。结果:寻常型(普通型)、非特异性、脱屑性、急性等ⅡP、呼吸性细支气管炎并间质性肺疾病以及隐原性机化性肺炎患者肺组织中TGF-β1表达强度评分均显著高于对照组;脱屑性ⅡP和呼吸性细支气管炎并间质性肺疾病患者肺组织中TGF-β1表达强度评分均显著高于其他类型ⅡP患者;非特异性ⅡP、急性ⅡP、淋巴细胞性ⅡP以及隐原性机化性肺炎组患者肺组织中TGF-β1表达强度评分均显著低于寻常型(普通型)ⅡP组;隐原性机化性肺炎、淋巴细胞性ⅡP组患者肺组织中TGF-β1表达强度评分分别为(0.93±0.34)分、(0.82±0.27)分,显著低于急性ⅡP组患者的(1.64±0.05)分。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TGF-β1表达过度可能是ⅡP患者的重要特征,在肺纤维化的过程中发挥着重要作用,但在不同类型ⅡP中的作用机制并不相同。     

A genome‐wide scan for quantitative trait loci affecting respiratory disease and immune capacity in Landrace pigs

Respiratory disease is the most important health concern for the swine industry. Genetic improvement for disease resistance is challenging because of the difficulty in obtaining good phenotypes related with disease resistance; however, identification of genes or markers associated with disease resistance can help in the genetic improvement of pig health. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with disease resistance were segregated in a purebred population of Landrace pigs that had been selected for meat production traits and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) scores over five generations. We analysed 1395 pigs from the base to the fifth generation of this population. Two respiratory disease traits [MPS scores and atrophic rhinitis (AR) scores] and 11 immune‐capacity traits were measured in 630–1332 animals at 7 weeks of age and when the animal's body weight reached 105 kg. Each of the pigs, except sires in the base population, was genotyped using 109 microsatellite markers, and then, QTL analysis of the full‐sib family population with a multi‐generational pedigree structure was performed. Variance component analysis was used to detect QTL associated with MPS or AR scores, and the logarithm of odds (LOD) score and genotypic heritability of the QTL were estimated. Five significant (LOD > 2.51) and 18 suggestive (LOD > 1.35) QTL for respiratory disease traits and immune‐capacity traits were detected. The significant QTL for Log‐MPS score, located on S. scrofa chromosome 2, could explain 87% of the genetic variance of this score in this analysis. This is the first report of QTL associated with respiratory disease lesions.     

早期肠内免疫微生态营养在重症肺炎治疗中的应用观察

目的 研究早期肠内免疫微生态营养对重症肺炎肠道菌群分布及肠道黏膜屏障的影响,为重症肺炎患者选择可靠的营养支持方式提供依据.方法 选取2017年1月至2019年1月在我院接受治疗的82例重症肺炎患者.采用随机数字表法随机分为观察组(n=41)与对照组(n=41).所有患者入院即采用常规治疗,对照组患者在常规治疗基础上建立...     

临床肺炎链球菌常见序列型青霉素耐药性的流行病学研究

从菌种的水平研究和阐述临床分离的肺炎链球菌青霉素耐药机制存在一定的局限。为探讨以序列型(Sequence type,ST)为基础研究肺炎链球菌青霉素耐药机制的可行性,本研究分析了1997~2014年间北京常见STs肺炎链球菌488株和2015年重庆酉阳县、四川中江县常见STs菌株88株的青霉素最低抑菌浓度(Minimun inhibitory concentration,MIC)的分布及年份分布。结果显示北京分离株中除了ST342外,属于某一种ST的所有分离株的青霉素MIC值具有一定分布范围,或者<0.25 mg/L,或者≥0.25 mg/L。青霉素MIC <0.25 mg/L的分离株多分布于2001年以前,此年份后≥0.25 mg/L的分离株出现,并逐渐成为主要种群。但这个年份分布规律对于某一种ST并不明显,某一种ST在最初发现的几个年份中就具有不同青霉素MIC水平的分离株。重庆酉阳县和四川中江县常见STs型青霉素MIC分布于0.25~2.0 mg/L(≥0.25 mg/L),包括ST271、ST320和ST81。本研究从流行病学角度揭示了肺炎链球菌临床分离株常见STs的青霉素MIC值分布规律,支持以STs为基础研究其青霉素耐药机制。     

某起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情的流行病学分析

目的:通过分析一起新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)聚集性疫情病例的流行病学特征,为疫情防控提供科学参考依据.方法:以新型冠状病毒肺炎防控技术方案的相关内容为依据,对一起聚集性疫情病例发病、就诊、接触方式及代际传播等进行描述性流行病学分析.结果:该起聚集性疫情涉及6例...     

The impact of cytomegalovirus infection on clinical severity and outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), but its impact on clinical severity and outcomes in KTRs with PJP is unknown. We reviewed 1994 medical records of KTRs from January 1997 to March 2019. PJP or CMV infection was diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction or culturing using blood or respiratory specimens. We divided patients into PJP and PJP+CMV groups, and evaluated the clinical severity and outcomes. Fifty two patients had PJP (2.6%) in the whole study cohort. Among patients with PJP, 38 (73.1%) had PJP alone and 14 (26.9%) had combined PJP and CMV co-infection. The PJP+CMV group showed worse laboratory findings (serum albumin and C-reactive protein, P = 0.010 for both) and higher requirement of continuous renal replacement therapy than the PJP group (P = 0.050). The pneumonia severity was worse in the PJP+CMV group than in the PJP group (P < 0.05), and CMV infection was a high risk factor of pneumonia severity (odds ratio 16.0; P = 0.002). The graft function was worse in the PJP+CMV group (P < 0.001), and the incidence of graft failure was higher in the PJP+CMV group than in the PJP group (85.7% vs 36.8%; P < 0.001). Mortality was double in the PJP+CMV group than in the PJP group, but not statistically significant (21.4% vs 10.5%; P = 0.370). Our results show that approximately one in four patients with PJP after kidney transplantation develops CMV with increased clinical severity and risk of graft failure. The possibility of increased clinical severity and worse clinical outcomes by CMV co-infection should be considered in KTRs with PJP.     

CLSI三代头孢菌素新旧折点对判定肺炎克雷伯茵药物敏感性及产ESBLs菌株分布的影响

目的了解CLSI2010（S20）及2009（S19）头孢他啶（CAZ）、头孢噻肟（CTX）新旧折点变化对本地区肺炎克雷伯菌药物敏感性及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株分布的影响。方法收集安徽医科大学第一附属医院临床分离的50株肺炎克雷伯菌;纸片扩散法测定菌株对CTX及CAZ的敏感性,CLSI表型确证试验确定产ESBLs菌株,改良三维试验检测CTX和／或CAZ耐药、非产ESBLs菌株的产酶情况。结果在S19折点下,CTX和CAZ耐药率分别为54．0％、30．0％;在S20折点下,耐药率分别为68．0％、42．0％。产ESBLs菌株总检出率为64．0％（32／50）。旧折点下,分别有81．3％、43．8％的产ESBLs菌株分布在CTX和CAZ耐药菌株中;新折点下,升高至100％、62．5％。2株对CTX和／CAZ耐药、非产ESBL菌株中,1株同时产ESBLs和AmpC酶,1株仅产AmpC酶。结论根据S20,肺炎克雷伯菌对CTX和CAZ的耐药率较S19均有所增高;并提高了耐药表型与产ESBLs菌株的一致性。产AmpC酶可影响表型确证试验对产ESBLs菌株的检出。