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51.
52.
Considerable effort has been invested in determining traits underlying invasiveness. Yet, identifying a set of traits that
commonly confers invasiveness in a range of species has proven elusive, and almost nothing is known about genetic loci affecting
invasive success. Incorporating genetic model organisms into ecologically relevant studies is one promising avenue to begin
dissecting the genetic underpinnings of invasiveness. Molecular biologists are rapidly characterizing genes mediating developmental
responses to diverse environmental cues, i.e., genes for plasticity, as well as to environmental factors likely to impose
strong selection on invading species, e.g., resistance to herbivores and competitors, coordination of life-history events
with seasonal changes, and physiological tolerance of heat, drought, or cold. Here, we give an overview of molecular genetic
tools increasingly used to characterize the genetic basis of adaptation and that may be used to begin identifying genetic
mechanisms of invasiveness. Given the divergent traits that affect invasiveness, “invasiveness genes” common to many clades
are unlikely, but the combination of developmental genetic advances with further evolutionary studies and modeling may provide
a framework for identifying genes that account for invasiveness in related species. 相似文献
53.
地锦属植物抗寒性生理指标变化分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对五叶与三叶地锦人工低温梯度冷冻处理取样、自然露地越冬和春秋冻融季节取样处理,分别测定实验材料抗寒理化指标的变化规律,研究其抗寒机制与抗寒能力。通过Excel做图处理和SAS数据软件显著性分析,结果表明,可溶性糖与蛋白质含量与电导率的数值随温度的降低呈单峰曲线变化,数据量值差异显著或极显著,在冬季和人工最低温时均达到最高值,POD在秋季和春季保持较高的酶活性,尤其在春季酶活性最高;春季的冻融交替对实验材料的伤害强于秋季;五叶地锦的半致死温度为-26.89℃,三叶地锦的半致死温度为-24.07℃,五叶地锦的抗寒能力、露地越冬能力强于三叶地锦;实验材料在哈尔滨市寒冷的环境中具有一定的越冬能力;实验材料露地越冬后的生长表现与实验结论相一致。 相似文献
54.
三个玉米合成群体选系的配合力及杂种优势分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,通过在黑龙江省哈尔滨和泰来的两点试验,以玉米自交系Mo17、B73、444和丹340为测验种,对从群体品综1号、中综3号和陕综5号选育的18份自交系进行配合力及杂种优势分析,以探讨群体选系在我国东北早熟玉米区的利用途径。结果表明,供试自交系间一般配合力存在较大差异;陕综5号群体选系HR14、HR17和HR15、中综3号选系HR9和HR8、品综1号选系HR4的一般配合力较高。在供试的72个组合中HR15×丹340、HR17×丹340、HR9×Mo17、HR14×丹340、HR7×B73、HR8×B73、HR6×444、HR5×丹340产量的特殊配合力及对照优势较高,表现出较高的利用潜力。依据特殊配合力及对照优势分析,中综3号选系与旅大红骨群、陕综5号选系与兰卡斯特群、品综1号选系与瑞德群遗传关系较近。结合育种实践,在我国北方早熟春玉米区陕综5号×旅大红骨、中综3号×瑞德或兰卡斯特、品综1号×旅大红骨或唐四平头可能组成较大利用潜力的杂种优势模式。 相似文献
55.
In recent years molecular techniques have been the most useful tools for the unequivocal identification of undetermined strains at the species level. In many instances, however, a further discrimination at the strain level (biotyping) is required, such as during epidemiological investigations, in which the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms is studied, and for patent protection purposes. Although molecular methods are routinely used also for yeast biotyping, several nonmolecular techniques have been proposed. One of these, the determination of the killer sensitivity pattern (KSP) towards a panel of selected killer toxins has proven to be a good auxiliary method. Despite the plethora of studies published, the potential and limitations of the determination of KSPs have never been critically evaluated. In this review the use of this nonmolecular technique as a biotyping tool is discussed and compared with some currently used DNA-based procedures. In addition, methodological, mechanistic and ecological implications are evaluated. 相似文献
56.
57.
The aim of this study was to carry out a comparison of the ability to discriminate between extreme chronotypes, i.e., morning- and evening-types, among the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and its reduced version (rMEQ). To this end a secondary analysis of cohort studies, using two different approaches, was carried out. The first, subjective, relied on the computing of overlap between extreme chronotypes according to their hourly ideal bedtime, get-up time and midpoint of sleep reported at the MEQ and rMEQ, while the second, objective, on the corresponding actual-actigraphic times. At the subjective approach, 2706 participants filled in the MEQ, while 940 the rMEQ (age range of both groups: 18–30 years). The overlap was significantly lower among those who filled the rMEQ than MEQ when considering ideal midpoint of sleep (13.70% and 46.28%, respectively) and get-up time (47.04% and 62.34%, respectively). At the objective approach, 51 participants filled in the MEQ while 52 the rMEQ (age range: 19–30 years in both groups) at the end of one week of actigraphic recording. No significantly different overlap across those who filled the MEQ or rMEQ was observed with reference to the examined actigraphic times. Results of subjective assessment showed as rMEQ more clearly discriminated between extreme chronotypes than MEQ. The attempt to find an objective confirmation did not provide the same results, probably as a consequence of a masking effect by social rhythms. 相似文献
58.
59.
Sammyia Jannat Mahmood ul Hassan Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah Asad Hussain Shah Anila Fariq Suman Mehmood Abdul Qayyum Amal F. Gharib Ahmad El Askary 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(4):3033
Peanut, the only cash crop of rainfed areas of Pakistan, is facing immense challenges due to global warming. Climatic factors particularly the temperature fluctuations and rain pattern shift significantly impact the production and yield of peanut and unavailability of resilient varieties exacerbate this impact. To deal with the cropping pattern change and yield losses, due to climate vagaries, a study was conducted to develop early maturing hybrids using line into tester mating design. The F1 hybrids from the parental lines were produced in the year 2018 using Line × Tester mating design and then grown in the field in the year 2019 for further evaluation. The hybrids were evaluated based on the early maturity and yield-related attributes in comparison with the parental lines. Based on the general combining ability estimate, line V-3 (Golden), was found as best parent with highly significant values for plant height, days to peg formation, days to maturity, number of pegs per plant, number of pods per plants, number of seeds per plant, 100 pod weight 100 seed weight. Similarly, tester V-7 (PI 635006 01 SD) showed highly significant results of GCA for days to germination, day to 50% flowering, plant height, days to peg formation, days to maturity, number of pegs per plant, number of pods per plants, number of seeds per plant, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage. All the combinations were evaluated for specific combining ability and significant results were observed for V-3 × V-4 (Golden × PI 619175 01 SD) and V-1 × V-6 (BARI-2000 × PI 564846 01 SD) by developing or maturity and yield-related attributes. The hybrid combinations V-3 × V-5 (Golden × PI 635006 01 SD) followed by V-3 × V-6 showed highly significant results for mid parent heterosis and better parent heterosis for days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to peg formation, number of pegs, days to maturity, number of mature seeds per plant, shelling ratio, 100 pod weight and 100 kernel weight. These parents and hybrid combinations with early maturity genes and high yield attributes can further be used for the development of short duration variety. 相似文献
60.
Plasmid pIJ101 from Streptomyces lividans encodes a single gene, tra, that is essential for both plasmid transfer and mobilization of chromosomes during mating. The tra gene product (Tra) is a membrane protein, a portion of which shows similarity to transfer proteins of other streptomycete plasmids as well as additional bacterial chromosome partitioning proteins. This paper reviews past and present work that has focused on elucidating the precise role of the Tra protein of pIJ101 in conjugation in Streptomyces. 相似文献