全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3906篇 |
免费 | 209篇 |
国内免费 | 347篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 59篇 |
2022年 | 61篇 |
2021年 | 89篇 |
2020年 | 84篇 |
2019年 | 86篇 |
2018年 | 112篇 |
2017年 | 86篇 |
2016年 | 98篇 |
2015年 | 121篇 |
2014年 | 162篇 |
2013年 | 222篇 |
2012年 | 144篇 |
2011年 | 140篇 |
2010年 | 136篇 |
2009年 | 166篇 |
2008年 | 205篇 |
2007年 | 195篇 |
2006年 | 190篇 |
2005年 | 185篇 |
2004年 | 166篇 |
2003年 | 182篇 |
2002年 | 145篇 |
2001年 | 108篇 |
2000年 | 112篇 |
1999年 | 91篇 |
1998年 | 98篇 |
1997年 | 93篇 |
1996年 | 99篇 |
1995年 | 82篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 86篇 |
1992年 | 52篇 |
1991年 | 57篇 |
1990年 | 53篇 |
1989年 | 55篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 55篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 32篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有4462条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
A collection of dicroceolid flukes from rats, squirrels and Tupaia in Malaysia is found to be morphologically heterogeneous. Cluster analysis on the basis of three selected body ratios distinguishes two major types comprising highly diverse Skrjabinus from rats, and homogenous Zonorchis from callosciurid squirrels. Tupaia harbours flukes of both genera. Analysis of variance of flukes from rats, demonstrates marked uniformity among worms within individual hosts. Possible effects of allometric growth are investigated by plotting each chosen dimension against body length for the two major groups of worms. Prominent changes are noted only in the relative size of testis in Skrjabinus from rats. Patterns of morphology are discussed in relation to host ecology and distribution. 相似文献
122.
Two new compounds G and H isolated from the roots of Costus speciosus have been characterized as 8-hydroxytriacontan-25-one and Me tritriacontanoat 相似文献
123.
124.
The question of whether or not hormones are causal links in the realization of phytochrome control during photomorphogenesis was investigated using the phytochrome-dependent formation of adventitious roots in hypocotyl cuttings excised from mustard seedlings as a test system. Histological examination of regenerating rest seedlings revealed that phytochrome (operationally, continuous far-red light) mediates the de novo formation of root primordia in the pericycle region of the hypocotyl near the cutting surface withing 12–24 h after excision.Auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), Cytokinin (kinetin), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene had no promotive effect on primordium formation in dark-grown or far-red irradiated rest seedlings. Depending on concentration, the application of these hormones was either ineffective or inhibitory in the rooting response. It is concluded that phytochrome does not operate through changes of hormone (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ABA, ethylene) levels.While externally applied ethylene had no specific effect on primordium formation, the number of primordia produced in darkness could be increased to the far-red light level by removing the endogenously formed ethylene. Since the stimulatory effect of light could not be related to a lower ethylene level, it is concluded that ethylene interferes with primordium formation by modulating the susceptibility of this process to phytochrome control. This ethylene effect takes place in a concentration range below the range that can be manipulated by external application of the hormone.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- Pr Pfr
red and far-red absorbing forms of phytochrome 相似文献
125.
At concentrations inhibitory to the elongation of corn (Zea mays L.) roots, the auxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (α-NAA), cause an increase in the pH of the
bathing medium; this increase occurs with an average latent period shorter than the latent period for the inhibitory effect
of these auxins on elongation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid, an inactive structural analogue of IAA, and β-naphthaleneacetic acid,
an inactive analogue of α-NAA, affect neither growth nor the pH of the medium. Since acid pH is known to promote and basic
pH to inhibit root elongation, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that hormone-induced modification of cell-wall
pH plays a role in the control of elongation of roots, as has been proposed for elongation of stems and coleoptiles. 相似文献
126.
Iron-sulfur clusters present in rat liver submitochondrial particles were characterized by ESR at temperatures between 30 and 5.5 K combined with potentiometric titrations. The spectral and thermodynamic characteristics of the iron-sulfur clusters were generally similar to those previously reported for pigeon or bovine heart submitochondrial particles. Clusters N-1a, N-1b, N-2, N-3 and N-4 of NADH dehydrogenase had midpoint oxidation-reduction potentials at pH 7.5 of ?425, ?265, ?85, ?240 and ?260 mV, respectively. Clusters S-1 and S-3 of succinate dehydrogenase had midpoint potentials of 0 and +65 mV, respectively. The iron-sulfur cluster of electron-transferring flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase exhibited the gz signal at g = 2.08 and had a midpoint potential of +30 mV. This signal was relatively prominent in rat liver compared to pigeon or bovine heart.Submitochondrial particles from rats chronically treated with ethanol (36% of total calories, 40 days) showed decreases of 20–30% in amplitudes of signals due to clusters N-2, N-3 and N-4 compared to those from pair-fed control rats. Signals from clusters N-1b, S-1, S-3 and electron-transferring flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase were unaffected. Microwave power-saturation behavior was similar for both submitochondrial particle preparations, suggesting that the lower signal amplitudes reflected a lower content of these particular clusters. NADH dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased (46%), whilst succinate dehydrogenase activity was elevated (25%), following chronic ethanol consumption. The results indicate that chronic ethanol treatment leads to an alteration of the structure and function of the NADH dehydrogenase segment of the electron transfer chain. This alteration is one of the factors contributing to the lower respiration rates observed following chronic ethanol administration. 相似文献
127.
Bogdan Lesyng Wolfram Saenger 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1981,678(3):408-413
Hydration of macromolecules and the structure of water of crystallization are not understood in detail because in these complex systems. H-atoms cannot be located and the hydrogen bonding schemes are not known. X-ray and neutron diffraction studies on a hydrated oligosaccharide, α-cyclodextrin 6H2O, ((C6H10O5)6·6H2O), crystals forms A and B, gave insight into the chain-like and circular arrangement of hydrogen bonds. In the circles, homodromic (unidirectional) and antidromic (counter-running) orientation of five to six hydrogen bounds is observed. PCILO calculations showed that homodromic circles and chains are approx. 8% per hydrogen bond more stable than antidromic circles, that the changes in electronic charges on H and O atoms are greater in homo than in antidromic systems and that the dipole moments are only approx. 3 D in the homodromic circles but 6–8 D in chain-like and antidromic arrangement. These results have been interpreted in terms of cooperative effect. Circular systems are considered as structural elements in hydration shells of macromolecules and in the assembly of ‘flickering’ water clusters. 相似文献
128.
Govind J. Kapadia Y.N. Shukla S.P. Basak Henry M. Fales E.A. Sokoloski 《Phytochemistry》1978,17(8):1444-1445
Melovinone, a new alkaloid isolated from the roots of Melochia tomentosa has been characterized as 3,7,8-trimethoxy-2-methyl-5(5′-phenylpentyl)-4-quinolinone. 相似文献
129.
130.
J. M. Salinas 《Hydrobiologia》1991,221(1):107-117
A system is described for rapid re-attachment of the rhodophycean alga Gelidium sesquipedale (Clem.) Born. et Thur. on artificial or natural substrata. This method is applicable to industrial cultivation of this species. The function of rhizoidal clusters and the origin of germlings from the apical portion of the thalli are analyzed in relation to the re-attachment process. The role that re-attachment might play in the maintenance and spreading of natural populations and in the observed anomalies of the life-history of this species is discussed. 相似文献