寄主植物物理性状及营养物质对地红蝽寄主选择性的影响

【目的】地红蝽Pyrrhocoris tibialis是一种重要的农业植食性害虫,寄主范围广泛。本研究测定地红蝽对不同植物的取食偏好及分析寄主植物物理性状和营养物质在地红蝽成虫寄主选择行为中的作用,以期从寄主理化性状的角度来探讨地红蝽寄主选择行为机制,为指导作物抗虫育种提供依据。【方法】通过自由选择方法研究地红蝽成虫对5种寄主植物(谷子Setaria italica、高粱Sorghum bicolor、绿豆Vigna radiata、大豆Glycine max和玉米Zea mays)叶片的取食选择性;使用Y型嗅觉仪进一步检测地红蝽对5种植物叶片气味的趋性反应;测定分析5种植物叶片物理性状及主要营养物质含量与地红蝽取食选择性的相关性。【结果】地红蝽成虫对5种寄主植物叶片的取食选择率存在显著性差异,依次为谷子＞高粱＞绿豆＝大豆＞玉米,与对这5种寄主植物叶片气味的趋性反应百分率结果一致。相关性分析表明,地红蝽成虫的取食选择性与叶片长宽比、含水量和背面茸毛密度呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.881, 0.884和0.906,而与地红蝽成虫取食前后寄主植物叶片可溶性糖含量变化和总蛋白质含量变化呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.915和-0.951。通径分析表明,寄主植物叶片背面茸毛密度和总蛋白质含量变化是地红蝽寄主选择性的重要决定因素。【结论】地红蝽成虫对不同寄主植物存在取食选择和趋向性差异,地红蝽成虫取食选择与寄主植物叶片长宽比、背面茸毛密度、含水量以及可溶性糖和总蛋白质含量变化有关。     

晋北典型针叶人工林叶功能性状特征及其与土壤因子的关系

为了解释植物叶片的资源分配特征及其与土壤因子间的适应策略,该研究以黄土高原东北缘山西省大同市新荣区油松、樟子松人工纯林及其柠条混交林为对象,采用样方法采集样木树冠中部生长良好的轮生枝中东西南北4个方向的枝条,并在每个枝条上选择里、中、外3处有代表性的当年生叶和多年生叶;采用 “S”形采样法在每个样方内选取9个取样点,用土钻采集各样点0～20 cm土壤样品;测定分析不同造林模式下油松、樟子松异龄叶功能性状特征、土壤理化性质以及二者的关系,为人工林培育及经营提供理论支撑。结果表明：(1)不同造林模式下油松及樟子松叶功能性状的差异集中在化学计量之间;随着叶龄增长,油松、樟子松均表现出干物质含量上升,氮磷含量下降的特征。(2)土壤全磷、全氮含量分别是油松当年及多年生叶的主要解释因子,土壤全磷与当年生叶碳氮比、有机碳、碳磷比均呈显著正相关关系,与全氮、叶面积及叶干物质含量呈显著负相关关系,土壤全氮与多年生叶全磷含量呈正相关关系,与叶有机碳、碳磷比、碳氮比则呈显著负相关关系。(3)樟子松当年生叶功能性状的关键土壤因子是土壤容重、全磷含量,其与叶碳氮磷的比值、干物质含量、碳含量呈正相关关系,而与氮磷含量呈负相关关系;多年生叶功能性状的关键土壤因子是土壤容重、含水量、pH,其与叶氮磷含量呈正相关关系,与碳含量、干物质含量、比叶面积等呈负相关关系。(4)油松及樟子松纯林的叶功能性状更易向关键土壤因子含量更高的方向偏移,说明与柠条混交可有效分异叶片生长对主要土壤因子的集中需求,但混交造林模式下林木长势有所衰弱;结合研究区资源匮乏现状,林木种植密度较大,竞争加剧了生存压力导致林木生长受限。     

Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in 33 candidate genes and meat quality traits in commercial pigs

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes for meat quality using a custom 96‐SNP panel (Illumina Vera Code GoldenGate Assay) on 15 traits collected from 400 commercial pigs. Meat quality measurements included muscle pH, color (L*, a* and b*), drip loss, cooking loss, peak shear force and six sensory traits including appearance (outside and inside), tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall liking as well as carcass weight and probe yield. Thirty‐five SNPs with minor allele frequencies > 0.10 remained for the multimarker association using the GLM procedure of sas 9.2. Results showed that 20 SNPs were significantly associated with at least one of the traits with either additive or dominance or both effects (P < 0.05). Among these significant SNPs, five of them in ADIPOQ, FTO, TNF, LEPR and AMPD1 had an effect on more than three traits simultaneously; those in MC4R, CAST, DGAT1 and MYF6 had an effect on two traits, while the others were associated with one trait. The results suggest that these markers could be incorporated into commercial pigs for marker‐assisted selection and breeding programs for carcass and meat quality trait improvement.     

60Co-γ射线诱变连麦2号M3代主要农艺性状的变异及多元分析

用60Co-γ射线诱变小麦连麦2号,对M3代292个穗行进行了主要农艺性状的变异及多元分析.结果表明:各性状的变异幅度是不同的,变异系数从大到小依次为:穗数＞千粒重＞穗长＞小穗数＞株高＞行粒重＞退化小穗数＞穗粒数＞穗粒重;变异率从大到小依次为:穗数＞千粒重＞株高=行粒重＞穗粒数＞穗长＞穗粒重＞小穗数＞退化小穗数.穗数、...     

Critical adjustment of cysteine and glutamine concentrations for improved clonal growth of WI-38 cells

Summary Clonal growth of WI-38 cells with a plating efficiency of 45% has been achieved in a synthetic nutrient mixture (MCDB 102) supplemented with either whole or dialyzed fetal bovine serum. For optimum growth, the concentration of cysteine in the medium must be adjusted precisely. Deviation by a factor of three in either direction from the optimum concentration (9.0×10⁻⁵M) eliminates essentially all clonal growth. A high concentration of glutamine (2.5×10⁻³M) is also needed for, optimum clonal growth. Presented in preliminary form at the 26th Annual Meeting of the Tissue Culture Association, June 4, 1975. This work was supported by Grant No. HD-08181 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Developement, Grant No. AG-00310 from the National Institute on Aging, and by Contract No. 223-74-1156 from the Bureau of Biologics, Food and Drug Administration.     

三系和二系籼粳交杂种F1农艺性状遗传表现的比较

通过6个籼型三系不育系（A）和3个籼型光温敏核不育系（S）分别与7个粳型广亲和系（W）的不完全双列杂交试验,对两类不同配组模式（即AW和SW）的杂种优势的表现、农艺性状遗传特点及参试亲本基因效应值的差异进行了比较,结果表明,在多数性状上,AW比SW型具有更强的群体平均优势和群体超亲优势;而两者农艺性状遗传方差分量除主穗总粒数等外,在抽穗期、着粒密度和剑叶长的遗传分量则较为一致;参试亲本的加性效应预测值,是D汕A具有降低株高的效应,红突A、W6llls和浙南1号A具有明显地缩短生育期的效应,红突A、D汕A和协青早A有显著地增加每株穗数的效应,而02428、T984和轮回422则有增加主穗总粒数的效应．     

Genomics in Psychology and Psychiatry

The review considers the most interesting data on the molecular genetic basis of mental disorders and personality traits, which were obtained within the framework of the Russian program Human Genome. Polymorphic markers Taq1A of the dopamine receptor gene and T102C of the serotonin receptor type 2A gene were associated with schizophrenia, in particular, chronic forms with poor prognosis. In mentally health people, the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene was associated with schizoid traits.     

Intraspecific variability in leaf traits strongly affects alder leaf decomposition in a stream

This study assessed the intraspecific variability of senescent leaves of alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) and the effects of this variability on leaf decomposition in streams. Leaves were collected at five geographically distant locations in Europe. We analyzed 10 batches of leaf samples for seven quantitative leaf traits as well as leaf decomposition rate in coarse and fine mesh bags exposed in a single stream. The geographic origin of leaf samples largely explained the observed variation in litter quality and decomposition rate. Phosphorus (0.034–0.187%) and lignin (3.9–18.7%) concentrations in leaves varied widely. Together, these two traits accurately predicted leaf decomposition rate (r²=84.1%). Intraspecific variation in leaf decomposition rate was within a range similar to that reported for interspecific variation among co-occurring riparian plant species in Europe. Our study demonstrates extensive intraspecific variability in leaf traits on a continental scale, which can have enormous effects on major ecosystem processes such as leaf decomposition.     

不同激素组合对丝瓜离体快速繁殖的调控

利用不同激素组合对丝瓜愈伤组织诱导、芽的分化及试管苗快速繁殖进行了研究.结果发现不同外植体均易诱导愈伤组织,但愈伤组织分化芽较难,而外植体在一些激素组合中可直接形成不定芽;利用无菌苗的顶芽及腋芽,培养于附加6 BA1mg L+NAA0.5mg L或NAA1mg L的MS培养基上,获得了芽的快速增殖,形成芽簇,每丛芽数达6～8苗;试管苗于1 2MS+NAA0.5mg L生根培养基中6d生根率达到100%,获得完整再生植株.结果表明采用不同激素组合对丝瓜体细胞形态发生与发育的调控有决定性作用.     

Morphological features of Jat dentition

Observations on morphological characters of milk and permanent teeth, based on 648 pairs of dental casts of 356 male and 292 female Jat children of Haryana (India) are reported. Deciduous teeth show high frequencies of bilateral winging of maxillary central incisor, Carabelli's cusp of maxillary second molar, and deflecting wrinkle of mandibular second molar. Reduction of maxillary molar cusps is more marked in males than in females. Y pattern is very common in deciduous molars. Permanent teeth have high frequencies of grooved cingulum of incisors, cingular nodule of lateral incisors and canines, and distal accessary ridge of canines. Low frequencies of Carabelli's cusp and winging are also common. The tendency towards faintly developed shovelling in milk incisors occurs more often than in the permanent teeth.