抗真菌感染新药研究进展

随着免疫功能缺陷人群的增多,侵袭性真菌感染（invasive fungal infections,IFIs）的发病率和死亡率逐年上升,严重威胁人类健康。目前临床常用抗侵袭性真菌感染药物有三唑类（氟康唑）、多烯类（两性霉素B）、棘白菌素类（卡泊芬净）等,然而这些药物并不能满足临床需要,侵袭性真菌感染的死亡率仍居高不下。因此,本文着重于目前处于临床研究阶段的抗真菌感染新药,根据作用靶点不同依次介绍：作用于细胞壁的新型葡聚糖合成酶抑制剂CD101和SCY-078、几丁质合成酶抑制剂尼可霉素Z、GPI锚定蛋白抑制剂APX001;作用于细胞膜的CYP51抑制剂VT-1161和VT-1129、破坏细胞膜通透性药物CAmB;影响细胞代谢的嘧啶合成抑制剂F901318,以及生物制剂包括细胞表面凝集素样序列3蛋白疫苗（NDV-3）和抗真菌感染抗体Mycograb。本文主要综述了上述新药的研究进展,包括作用机制、体内外活性、临床研究结果等,为相关药物的研发与未来的临床应用提供参考。     

2015 年 9 月美国、欧盟和日本新批准药物概述

2015 年 9 月,美国、欧盟和日本共批准 46 个新药,包括新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品、新增适应证及新剂型药物。 本文对全球首次获得批准的新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品进行分析,重点介绍这些药物的临床研究结果和研发历史进程。     

2015 年 11 月美国、欧盟和日本新批准药物概述

2015 年 11 月,美国、欧盟和日本共批准 36 个新药,包括新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品、新增适应证及新剂型药物。 对全球首次获得批准的新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品进行分析,重点介绍这些药物的临床研究结果和研发历史进程。     

Clinical, morphological, biochemical, and neuroradiological features of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Presentation of 19 patients

Nineteen patients (9 females, 10 males) with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (ME) were studied. The diagnosis was established according to clinical and histopathological criteria. Leading clinical features were chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and muscle weakness in 95% of the patients. Pigmentary retinopathy was seen in 63%, and was always associated with CPEO. Hypacusis was present in 47% and cerebellar ataxia in 63% of patients. Clinical or electrophysiological signs of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) were found in 21% of the patients. In muscle biopsy ragged red fibers were the predominant histopathological findings (100% of the patients), while COX-negative fibers were seen in 74%, deletions of the mitochondrial DNA in 42%, and defects of the respiratory chain in 32% of the patients. Increased blood lactate levels were found in 79% of the patients. Needle electromyography revealed myopathic features in 74%, features of denervation in 16%, and w as normal in the remainder. Imaging studies showed cerebral atrophy in 58%, cerebellar atrophy in 16%, and hyperintense lesions of the white matter, pyramidal tract or extrapyramidal system in 16% of the cases. It is concluded that the clinical manifestations of ME can be very variable. Diagnosis of ME should be always considered in young patients presenting with CPEO and muscle weakness. In most cases, diagnosis can be made by a few selected investigations, while detection of genetic abnormalities may lead to the diagnosis in the remaining cases. (Mol Cell Biochem 174: 297–303, 1997)     

中药山豆根的研究进展

本文对中药山豆根进行了本草考证,并概括总结了半个世纪以来国内外对山豆根(广豆根)和北豆根在生药学研究、化学成分、药理作用与临床应用等方面的研究成果,为山豆根的进一步研究提供参考。全文附参考文献105篇。     

Current research status of immunology in the genomic era

This review updates the current status of immunology research under the influence of genomics, both conceptually and technologically. It particularly highlights the advantages of employing the high-throughput and large-scale technology, the large genomic database, and bioinformatic power in the immunology research. The fast development in the fields of basic immunology, clinical immunology (tumor and infectious immunology) and vaccine designing is illustrated with respect to the successful usage of genomic strategy. We also speculate the future research directions of immunology in the era of genomics and post-genomics. Supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2006AA02A252), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30771965) and Shanghai Pujiang Program (Grant No.07pj14066).     

用于非小细胞肺癌治疗的第三代 EGFR-TKIs 研究进展

肺癌是全球致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,其中非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占全部肺癌病例的 80% 左右。相较于传统化疗,表皮生长因 子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)用于 EGFR 突变型 NSCLC 患者,可获得更为卓越的疗效。但是,EGFR-TKIs 长期使用会产生 获得性耐药,主要机制为 EGFR T790M 突变。临床研究表明,以奥希替尼、rociletinib 和 HM61713 为代表的第三代 EGFR-TKIs 对 EGFR T790M 突变阳性 NSCLC 具有较好的疗效,为 EGFR T790M 突变阳性患者的有效治疗带来了新的希望。综述第三代 EGFR-TKIs 的最新临床研究及耐药机制研究进展。     

Retroviral vectors

The majority of clinical trials for gene therapy currently employ retroviral-mediated gene delivery. This is because the life cycle of the retrovirus is well understood and can be effectively manipulated to generate vectors that can be efficiently and safely packaged. Here, we review the molecular technology behind the generation of recombinant retroviral vectors. We also highlight the problems associated with the use of these viruses as gene therapy vehicles and discuss future developments that will be necessary to maintain retroviral vectors at the forefront of gene transfer technology.