Predicting the Risk of Suicide by Analyzing the Text of Clinical Notes

We developed linguistics-driven prediction models to estimate the risk of suicide. These models were generated from unstructured clinical notes taken from a national sample of U.S. Veterans Administration (VA) medical records. We created three matched cohorts: veterans who committed suicide, veterans who used mental health services and did not commit suicide, and veterans who did not use mental health services and did not commit suicide during the observation period (n = 70 in each group). From the clinical notes, we generated datasets of single keywords and multi-word phrases, and constructed prediction models using a machine-learning algorithm based on a genetic programming framework. The resulting inference accuracy was consistently 65% or more. Our data therefore suggests that computerized text analytics can be applied to unstructured medical records to estimate the risk of suicide. The resulting system could allow clinicians to potentially screen seemingly healthy patients at the primary care level, and to continuously evaluate the suicide risk among psychiatric patients.     

抗肿瘤动物类中药的研究进展

动物类中药资源丰富,其在肿瘤治疗中取得的疗效引起医药领域广泛关注,已成为抗肿瘤药物的一个新的研究热点。然而,抗肿瘤动物类中药成分复杂,其有效成分和作用机制尚有待进一步明确。综述常用抗肿瘤动物类中药及其活性成分、抗肿瘤动物类中药作用机制与临床应用,以期为抗肿瘤动物类中药的深入研究与开发提供参考。     

经由线粒体损伤诱发的药源性肝损伤研究进展

线粒体是物质氧化和能量转换的场所,在能量代谢及自由基的产生、衰老、凋亡中起着重要作用。线粒体的呼吸链缺陷、代谢酶失活、结构改变、基因突变等因素都会影响整个细胞的正常功能,从而导致病变的发生。线粒体是药物毒性作用的重要靶标,肝脏作为药物代谢的重要脏器,也是药物引发损伤的主要靶器官。一些抗病毒药物、抗肿瘤药物和抗生素等可显著诱导肝脏线粒体损伤。药物主要通过改变线粒体结构、酶的活性或减少mtDNA 的合成,进一步破坏β- 脂质氧化和肝细胞的氧化能力,最终诱发肝损伤。综述药源性肝损伤领域有关线粒体损伤的研究进展,为预防和诊断药源性肝损提供思路。     

同位素标记相对和绝对定量蛋白组技术研究进展

近年来定量蛋白组学技术迅速发展,目前常用的有双向荧光差异凝胶电泳、同位素亲和标记、15N同位素标记、同位素标记相对和绝对定量和细胞培养条件下稳定同位素标记技术等。同位素标记相对和绝对定量技术以其高通量、高灵敏度、高重复性、高动态检测限和能对各种复杂样品进行相对和绝对定量研究等优势而备受研究者青睐,目前已发展到在同一实验中分析8组样品,增加了实验设计的灵活性。我们就同位素标记相对和绝对定量技术在定量蛋白组史中的地位作用、研究策略,以及在病毒致病机制研究和医药临床相关问题中的应用做简要综述。     

ELLIPSE Study: A Phase 1 study evaluating the tolerance of bevacizumab nasal spray in the treatment of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a dominantly inherited genetic vascular disorder in which epistaxis is the most frequent manifestation, responsible for high morbidity. Management of this symptom has no standard, and local treatments are often aggressive. Their efficacy is variable and has not been proven. Anti-angiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab, are a new treatment strategy. Its systemic administration in patients with HHT improves liver damage-related symptoms and epistaxis. To limit the systemic adverse effects of bevacizumab and to ease administration, a local administration seems suitable. Primary objective: To evaluate the tolerance of increasing doses of bevacizumab administered as a nasal spray in patients with HHT-related epistaxis. Secondary objectives were to study the bioavailability and efficacy of bevacizumab against epistaxis when given as a nasal spray. Methodology: Phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, monocentric study performed sequentially (dose escalation) on 5 groups of 8 patients. Each group was made up of 6 verum and 2 placebos. Five increasing doses of bevacizumab nasal spray (25 mg/mL) were evaluated: 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg. Results: A total of 40 patients were included between October 2011 and October 2012. Bevacizumab nasal spray was well tolerated in all patients and the drug was not detected in their serum. No dose limiting toxicity was observed. No efficacy was observed at any dose in this study. Conclusion: Based on these results, bevacizumab nasal spray is a safe treatment of epistaxis in HHT. However, a randomized Phase 2 study is needed to determine its efficacy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier #{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01507480","term_id":"NCT01507480"}}NCT01507480     

DRUGSURV: a resource for repositioning of approved and experimental drugs in oncology based on patient survival information

The use of existing drugs for new therapeutic applications, commonly referred to as drug repositioning, is a way for fast and cost-efficient drug discovery. Drug repositioning in oncology is commonly initiated by in vitro experimental evidence that a drug exhibits anticancer cytotoxicity. Any independent verification that the observed effects in vitro may be valid in a clinical setting, and that the drug could potentially affect patient survival in vivo is of paramount importance. Despite considerable recent efforts in computational drug repositioning, none of the studies have considered patient survival information in modelling the potential of existing/new drugs in the management of cancer. Therefore, we have developed DRUGSURV; this is the first computational tool to estimate the potential effects of a drug using patient survival information derived from clinical cancer expression data sets. DRUGSURV provides statistical evidence that a drug can affect survival outcome in particular clinical conditions to justify further investigation of the drug anticancer potential and to guide clinical trial design. DRUGSURV covers both approved drugs (∼1700) as well as experimental drugs (∼5000) and is freely available at http://www.bioprofiling.de/drugsurv.     

茶叶提取物在癌症临床防治中的生理效应

根据大量的临床研究资料对茶叶提取物在癌症防治中的生理效应进行了论述 .茶叶提取物可以改善血流变、微循环状态 ,在放疗、化疗中保护正常细胞 ,增强机体免疫功能 ,降低血清唾液酸浓度 ,改善临床症状 ,提高生命质量 ,延长患者生命