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191.
192.
J. S. Uotila V. H. Kitunen T. Coote T. Saastamoinen M. Salkinoja-Salonen J. H. A. Apajalahti 《Biodegradation》1995,6(2):119-126
The actinomyceteRhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-1 metabolises pentachlorophenol into ultimate inorganic end products via tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone. This intermediate was further dehalogenated in the cytoplasm requiring reductant in the cell free system. Tetrafluoro-p-hydroquinone and tetrabromo-p-hydroquinone were also dehalogenated. Chlorophenol analogs, thiol blocking agents and molecular oxygen inhibited the activity. The dehalogenating reactions led to 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, which was further metabolized into maleic acid.Abbreviations PCP
pentachlorophenol
- TeCH
tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone
- TeFH
tetrafluoro-p-hydroquinone
- TeBH
tetrabromo-p-hydroquinone
- THB
trihydroxybenzene 相似文献
193.
《Free radical research》2013,47(5):650-680
Abstractβ-Carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, possesses pronounced radical scavenging properties. This has centered the attention on β-carotene dietary supplementation in healthcare as well as in the therapy of degenerative disorders and several cancer types. However, two intervention trials with β-carotene have revealed adverse effects on two proband groups, that is, cigarette smokers and asbestos-exposed workers. Beside other causative reasons, the detrimental effects observed have been related to the oxidation products of β-carotene. Their generation originates in the polyene structure of β-carotene that is beneficial for radical scavenging, but is also prone to oxidation. Depending on the dominant degradation mechanism, bond cleavage might occur either randomly or at defined positions of the conjugated electron system, resulting in a diversity of cleavage products (CPs).Due to their instability and hydrophobicity, the handling of standards and real samples containing β-carotene and related CPs requires preventive measures during specimen preparation, analyte extraction, and final analysis, to avoid artificial degradation and to preserve the initial analyte portfolio. This review critically discusses different preparation strategies of standards and treatment solutions, and also addresses their protection from oxidation. Additionally, in vitro oxidation strategies for the generation of oxidative model compounds are surveyed. Extraction methods are discussed for volatile and non-volatile CPs individually. Gas chromatography (GC), (ultra)high performance liquid chromatography (U)HPLC, and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are reviewed as analytical tools for final analyte analysis. For identity confirmation of analytes, mass spectrometry (MS) is indispensable, and the appropriate ionization principles are comprehensively discussed. The final sections cover analysis of real samples and aspects of quality assurance, namely matrix effects and method validation. 相似文献
194.
《Redox report : communications in free radical research》2013,18(5):201-207
AbstractWhen mosses are exposed to increased quantities of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, they produce more secondary metabolites. Antarctica moss Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske has presented high carotenoid contents in response to an increase in UVB radiation. This moss has been recommended as a potential source of antioxidants. In the present work, the protective and enhancing effects of aqueous (AE) and hydroalcoholic (HE) extracts of S. uncinata on the cleavage of supercoiled DNA were evaluated through topological modifications, quantified by densitometry after agarose gel electrophoresis. Total phenolic contents reached 5.89 mg/g. Our data demonstrated that the extract does not induce DNA cleavage. Furthermore, both extracts showed antioxidant activity that protected the DNA against cleavage induced by (i) O2??, 89% (AE) and 94% (HE) (P < 0.05), and (ii) .OH, 17% (AE) and 18% (HE). However, the extracts intensified cleavage induced by Fenton-like reactions: (i) Cu2+/H2O2, 94% (AE) and 100% (HE) (P < 0.05), and (ii) SnCl2, 62% (AE) and 56% (HE). DNA damages seem to follow different ways: (i) in the presence of Fenton-like reactions could be via reactive oxygen species generation and (ii) with HE/Cu2+ could have also been triggered by other mechanisms. 相似文献
195.
Free vertical moment (FVM) of ground reaction is recognized to be a meaningful indicator of torsional stress on the lower limbs when walking. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how gait speed influences the FVM when walking. Fourteen young healthy adults performed a series of overground walking trials at three different speeds: low, preferred and fast. FVM was measured during the stance phase of the dominant leg using a force platform embedded in a 10 m-long walkway. Transverse plane kinematic parameters of the foot and pelvis were measured using a motion capture system. Results showed a significant decrease in peak abduction FVM (i.e., resisting internal foot rotation) and an increase in peak adduction FVM (i.e., resisting external foot rotation), together with an increase in gait speed. Concomitantly, we observed a decrease in the foot progression angle and an increase in the peak pelvis rotation velocity in the transverse plane with an increase in gait speed. A significant positive correlation was found between the pelvis rotation velocity and the peak adduction moment, suggesting that pelvis rotation influences the magnitude of adduction FVM. Furthermore, we also found significant correlations between the peak adduction FVM and both the step length and frequency, indicating that the alterations in FVM may be ascribed to changes in these two key variables of gait speed. These speed-related changes in FVM should be considered when this parameter is used in gait assessment, particularly when used as an index for rehabilitation and injury prevention. 相似文献
196.
该研究以‘铁观音’茶树为材料,同源克隆了茶树类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶基因CsCCD1和CsCCD4 (NCBI登录号分别为MH119136和MH119137)全长cDNA。序列分析结果显示,CsCCD1序列全长1 766 bp,包含1 641 bp开放阅读框(ORF),编码545个氨基酸,定位于细胞质中,不存在跨膜结构和信号肽;CsCCD4序列全长1 942 bp,包含1 842 bp ORF,编码612个氨基酸,不存在跨膜结构,但在N端具有叶绿体转运肽,定位于质体中。进化树分析显示,CsCCD1和CsCCD4与杜鹃聚为一类。荧光定量检测显示,CsCCD1和CsCCD4在叶、茎和花中表达量较高。在乌龙茶做青过程中,CsCCD1和CsCCD4基因都是从鲜叶到晒青表达量下调,而CsCCD1在一摇和二摇显著上调表达,在三摇后下降;CsCCD4只在一摇后上调表达,之后表达量迅速降低。推测CsCCD1和CsCCD4基因可能与乌龙茶做青香气品质形成关系密切。 相似文献
197.
Alexandria A. Oviatt Jissy A. Kuriappan Elirosa Minniti Kendra R. Vann Princess Onuorah Anna Minarini Marco De Vivo Neil Osheroff 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2018,28(17):2961-2968
Etoposide is an anticancer drug that acts by inducing topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. Despite its wide use, etoposide is associated with some very serious side-effects including the development of treatment-related acute myelogenous leukemias. Etoposide targets both human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. However, the contributions of the two enzyme isoforms to the therapeutic vs. leukemogenic properties of the drug are unclear. In order to develop an etoposide-based drug with specificity for cancer cells that express an active polyamine transport system, the sugar moiety of the drug has been replaced with a polyamine tail. To analyze the effects of this substitution on the specificity of hybrid molecules toward the two enzyme isoforms, we analyzed the activity of a series of etoposide-polyamine hybrids toward human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. All of the compounds displayed an ability to induce enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage that was comparable to or higher than that of etoposide. Relative to the parent drug, the hybrid compounds displayed substantially higher activity toward topoisomerase IIβ than IIα. Modeling studies suggest that the enhanced specificity may result from interactions with Gln778 in topoisomerase IIβ. The corresponding residue in the α isoform is a methionine. 相似文献
198.
3′–nucleases/nucleotidases of the S1–P1 family (EC 3.1.30.1) are single–strand–specific or non-specific zinc–dependent phosphoesterases present in plants, fungi, protozoan parasites, and in some bacteria. They participate in a wide variety of biological processes and their current biotechnological applications rely on their single–strand preference, nucleotide non-specificity, a broad range of catalytic conditions and high stability. We summarize the present and potential utilization of these enzymes in biotechnology and medicine in the context of their biochemical and structure–function properties. Explanation of unanswered questions for bacterial and trypanosomatid representatives could facilitate development of emerging applications in medicine. 相似文献
199.
200.
Zohreh Moradi Ali Reza Rezvani Meissam Noroozifar 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2018,36(3):779-794
In order to evaluate biological potential of a novel synthesized complex [Nd(dmp)2Cl3.OH2] where dmp is 29-dimethyl 110-phenanthroline, the DNA-binding, cleavage, BSA binding, and antimicrobial activity properties of the complex are investigated by multispectroscopic techniques study in physiological buffer (pH 7.2).The intrinsic binding constant (Kb) for interaction of Nd(III) complex and FS–DNA is calculated by UV–Vis (Kb = 2.7 ± 0.07 × 105) and fluorescence spectroscopy (Kb = 1.13 ± 0.03 × 105). The Stern–Volmer constant (KSV), thermodynamic parameters including free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy change (?H°), and entropy change (?S°), are calculated by fluorescent data and Vant’ Hoff equation. The experimental results show that the complex can bind to FS–DNA and the major binding mode is groove binding. Meanwhile, the interaction of Nd(III) complex with protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), has also been studied by using absorption and emission spectroscopic tools. The experimental results show that the complex exhibits good binding propensity to BSA. The positive ΔH° and ?S° values indicate that the hydrophobic interaction is main force in the binding of the Nd(III) complex to BSA, and the complex can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA remarkably through a static quenching process. Also, DNA cleavage was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis that according to the results cleavage of DNA increased with increasing of concentration of the complex. Antimicrobial screening test gives good results in the presence of Nd(III) complex system. 相似文献