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Our objective was to examine the ability of nucleate and anucleate fragments of artificially activated mouse eggs to transform sperm nucleus into male pronucleus. To this end, zona-free oocytes in metaphase II were activated by ethanol and bisected into halves (one with the spindle, the other anucleate) either within 10 to 20 min (series A) or 3 or 5 hr later (series B). In series A, the fragments were inseminated 3,5, and 8 h after activation, and in series B. 3 and 5 h after activation. Both nucleate and anucleate fragments lose the capability of transforming sperm nucleus into fully formed pronucleus sometime between 3 and 5 h after activation. In 8 h old parthenogenetic fragments, the majority of sperm nuclei remain unchanged or begin decondensation but never reach the stage of an early pronucleus. In over 1/3 of anucleate fragments of this age group, sperm nuclei develop defectively: chromatin decondenses inside the persisting nuclear envelope. In other experimental groups, the incidence of these abnormal sperm nuclei varies between 0 and 10%. In general, the anuclcate fragments retain the capability to transform sperm nuclei (fully or partially) longer than their nuclear counterparts. This difference may be accounted for by a different level of substances required for pronuclcar growth (extrachromosomal constituents of the germinal vesicle and nuclear lamins): high and constant in the cytoplasm of anucleate egg halves and low and progressively decreasing in the nucleate halves because of their putative uptake by the female pronucleus. However, the cytoplasmic factors responsible for the initial stages of transformation (nuclear envelope breakdown, chromatin decondensation) become eventually inactivated both in the presence and in the absence of a female pronucleus. 相似文献
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KATSUYUKI SATO 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1989,36(1):35-38
Two new phenomena were observed during macronuclear development in E. patella. During the formation of giant chromosomes, the number of chromosomes decreased while individual chromosomes gradually became longer and thicker. Immediately before macronuclear elongation, ring-like anlagen appeared, which did not contain chromatin at their centers. The course of macronuclear development in Euplotes is reconsidered in light of these findings. 相似文献
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Spartaco Santi Silvia Rubbini Caterina Cinti Stefano Squarzoni Alessandro Matteucci Elisabetta Caramelli Lia Guidotti Nadir M. Maraldi 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》1994,81(1):47-57
Summary— In the sperm nuclei the DNA is packaged into a highly condensed form and is not organized into nucleosome and solenoid but is bound and stabilized mainly by the protamines that arrange the DNA in an almost crystalline state. As demonstrated for somatic cells, the sperm DNA has been reported to be organized in loop domains attached to the nuclear matrix structures. However, the possible role of the sperm head matrix in maintaining the loop organization in absence of a typical nucleosomal structures has not been fully elucidated. By using in situ nick translation at confocal and electron microscope level, we analyzed the organization of the DNAprotamine complex and its association with the sperm nuclear matrix. The data obtained indicate that the chromatin organization in sperm nuclei is maintained during the sperm condensation by means of interactions with the nuclear matrix at fixed sites. The fine stucture of sperm nucleus and of sperm nuclear matrix, investigated on sections and replicas of freeze-fractured specimens, suggests that the lamellar array, observed by freeze-fracturing in the sperm nuclei, could depend on the inner matrix which presents a regular organization of globular structures possibly involved in the maintenance of chromatin domains in highly condensed sperm nuclei also. 相似文献
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劳为德 《生物化学与生物物理进展》1994,21(1):13-17
能组织成超级结构的各种序列组块,因其具有特定一级序列、或者具有某种卷曲的螺旋构象和某种非β螺旋结构,可以作为有特异功能的结构域、被特异的结合蛋白质识别和结合,因而可称为密码结构域,密码结构域作为特异的分子相互作用和过程的遗传指令,参与细胞周期的各种事件乃至发育和分化过程中基因有区别的表达. 相似文献
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Zn2+参与遗传调控的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Zn2+在遗传调控中的作用十分广泛而显著.结合新近的研究资料,着重从染色质结构与功能、核酸的生物合成、DNA的结构及构象、基因表达的调控等四个主要方面来反映Zn2+与遗传调控的相关性,并阐述Zn2+在其中发挥作用的机理. 相似文献
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Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) reacts with the thymine residues of double-stranded DNA, but thymines that are unpaired or under torsional stress are hyperreactive. Although OsO4 hyperreactivity has been primarily utilized to identify Z-DNA structures in supercoiled plasmids, OsO4 will also identify other torsional perturbations of DNA. In this study, OsO4 was used to footprint an AT-rich region (between –780 and –500) of the maizeAdh1 promoter. Hyperreactive sites were identified bothin vitro andin vivo in an area that coincides with AT motifs similar to those found in scaffold attachment regions. Further, the region of OsO4 hyperreactivity lies within a fragment of DNA that is associated with the nuclear scaffold in histone-depleted nuclei. 相似文献