Within ventricular myocardial cells of the mouse, the myoplasmic regions located immediately adjacent to the Z lines of the sarcomeres contain a variety of structures. These include: (1) transversely oriented 10 nm (‘intermediate’) filaments that apparently contribute to the cytoskeleton of the myocardial cell; (2) the majority of the transverse elements of the T-axial tubular system; (3) specialized segments of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that are closely apposed to the sarcolemma or T-axial tubules (junctional SR); (4) ‘extended junctional SR’ (‘corbular SR’) that exists free of association with the cell membrane; (5) ‘Z tubules’ of SR that are intimately apposed to the Z line substance; and (6) leptofibrils. In addition, fasciae adherentes supplant Z lines where myofibrils insert into the transverse borders (intercalated discs) of the cells. The concentration of these myocardial components at the level of the Z lines suggests that a particular specialization of structural and physiological activities exists in the Z-level regions of the myoplasm. In particular, it appears that the combination of intermediate filaments, T tubules, and Z-level SR elements forms a series of parallel planar bodies that extend across each myocardial cell to impart transverse rigidity. The movement and compartmentation of calcium ion (Ca2+) would seem especially active near the Z lines of the myofibrils, in view of the preferential location there of Ca2+-sequestering myocardial structures such as T tubules, junctional SR, extended junctional SR and Z tubules. 相似文献
The nucleotide sequence from the 5′ terminus inward of one third of mouse α- and βmaj-globin messenger RNAs has been established. In addition, using 5′ 32P end-labeled mRNAs as substrates and S1 and T1 nucleases as probes for single-stranded regions, the secondary structures of mouse and rabbit α- and β-globin mRNAs have been analyzed. Our results indicate that the AUG initiator codon in both mouse and rabbit β-globin mRNA is quite susceptible to cleavage with S1 and T1 nucleases, suggesting that it resides in a single-stranded exposed region. In contrast, the initiator AUG in the α-globin mRNA of both species is inaccessible to cleavage, indicating that it is either buried by tertiary structure or is base-paired. Since the rate of initiation of protein synthesis with β-globin mRNA in rabbit reticulocyte is 30–40% faster than for α-globin mRNA, these results imply a possible correlation between the differential rates of initiation with these two mRNAs and the accessibility of the respective AUG initiator codons. 相似文献
Estrus and ovulation were induced in ten mature, mixed-breed, anestrous bitches (10 to 20 kg) using exogenous gonadotropins. Bitches were bred once, on the second day of estrus. Between 11 and 13 days following estrus, bitches were bilaterally hysterectomized and randomly divided into two treatment groups of five bitches each. Four days following surgery, Group A (treated) was given a single subcutaneous injection of PGF2α (Prostin F2 alpha®) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight and Group B (controls) similarly given an equal volume of .9% saline. Blood samples were collected daily by cephalic venipuncture prior to surgery and for 75 days thereafter. Plasma progesterone was monitored by a radioimmunoassay method. Although bitches were teased daily following PGF2α or saline treatments, estrual behavior was not exhibited. In both the PGF2α and saline treatment groups, plasma progesterone levels showed a transient decline by 12 hours following injection, although a more dramatic decrease was observed at this time in the prostaglandin-treated bitches. Subsequently, progesterone concentrations tended to increase in both groups at 6 days following treatment, however, not to pre-treatment levels. Within 20 to 32 days following treatment in both groups, plasma progesterone levels declined to <1 ng/ml and remained depressed at least 60 days post-injection. In this study, complete luteal regression was not induced following PGF2α treatment. Luteal function in both groups, as indicated by plasma progesterone concentrations, was shortened in the absence of the uterus. 相似文献
The interactions of cis- and trans-diammineplatinum compounds with 5′-GMP and 5′-dGMP in dilute aqueous solution at neutral pH were investigated by 1H nmr. In addition to the 1:2 Pt nucleotide complexes cis- and trans-Pt(NH3)2(GMP)2, it was possible to study the formation of the 1:1 Pt-nucleotide complexes with either one coordinated water or chloride ion. At 5°C GMP reacts with a stoichiometric amount of cis-diaquodiammine-platinum to yield cis-Pt(NH3)2(GMP) (H2O) as a sole reaction product. From the present results it is concluded that such a complex may play an important role as the initial reaction product between antitumor compounds like cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and guanine in DNA in living organisms. The coupling constant 3J(H(1′)-H(2′)) of the H(1′) sugar proton in cis-Pt(NH3)2(GMP)2 is temperature dependent, indicating a conformational change in the sugar moiety. 相似文献
The oxidation of sheep hemoglobin, in both the oxygenated and deoxygenated forms, by cuprous ions have been studied by spectrophotometric and stopped-flow techniques. Mixing of both the oxy and deoxy forms with excess Cu2+ leads to the rapid oxidation of the iron atoms of all four of the hem groups of the tetrameric protein, followed by the slow formation of hemichromes (low spin FeIII forms of hemoglobin). Stopped-flow studies show that the oxidations follow simple monophasic kinetics with second-order rate constants of 65 and 310 M?1 sec?1 for the oxy and deoxy forms, respectively. Variable temperature studies yield Arrhenius activation energies of 43 for the oxy form and 113 kJ mole?1 for the deoxy form. For each form of the protein the activation energy is very similar to the activation enthalpy. While the deoxy form is characterized by an activation energy and enthalpy that is more than twice the corresponding value in the oxy form. The activation entropies show highly significant differences being ?128 e.u. and 136 e.u. at 25°C for the oxy and deoxy forms, respectively. 相似文献
CH3Hg(II)OH forms complexes at pH 8 with tyrosine and with tyrosine ethyl ester (TEE) that are detected by ultraviolet difference absorption spectra. With Kf defined by CH3HgOH + HB CH3HgB + H2O, we find log Kf = 3.61 (tyrosine) and 3.36 (TEE). A heavy-atom effect is observed in frozen glasses of the complexes; this indicates a close interaction between Hg and the chromophore. No UV difference spectrum or heavy-atom effect is observed with N-acetyl tyrosine ethyl ester, indicating that complexing at the phenol O does not occur, and suggesting that binding occurs at the amine N. Zero field optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements of the CH3Hg(II)-tyrosine triplet state give (D, E) = (0.129, 0.047) or (0.134, 0.041) cm?1 depending upon assignment of transitions. D of tyrosine is relatively unaffected, but E is reduced by CH3Hg(II) complexing. Low-temperature kinetic measurements show that the shortest lived sublevel of the complex is Tz, where z lies along the phenol long axis in tyrosine. A dominant 11.6-msec component in the 77 K decay of the phosphorescence is consistent with the individual sublevel lifetimes obtained by ODMR. 相似文献
This study describes the interaction of molybdenum with blood components. Molybdenum-99 was added to blood, and after four
washings, 3% of the total radioactivity was found in red cells. More specifically, the radioactivity was determined to be
associated with the cell membrane.
Molybdenum-99 in the +VI form did not interact with the human erythrocyte membrane; however, Mo(V) forms did interact. Of
five different compounds, the highes uptake was observed with a brown Mo(V)-ascorbate complex generated from Mo(VI) and ascorbic
acid in the molar ratio 1∶20. A membrane suspension of Mo-ascorbate-treated human erythrocytes was prepared and the solubilized
proteins were separated on a polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Molybdenum-99 binding to
spectrin was demonstrated, as well as some minor interactions with membrane hemoglobin and bands 6 and 8. 相似文献
Glucose tolerance factor (GTF) has been isolated from a commercially available yeast extract powder, by a simple procedure under mild conditions. This cationic yellow material enhances considerably CO2 production in several yeast strains, after a lag time which can be eliminated by preincubation with glucose. The enhancement of CO2 production by GTF is not specific for glucose, and its effect on galactose raises the possibility that it influences the transport of the sugar to the cells. The ineffectiveness of GTF on cell free extract and the results of a Michaelis plot for CO2 production support this hypothesis. 相似文献
It is evident that bleomycin is a “something for everyone antibiotic.” The mechanism, which involves an important anticancer drug, a metal ion, and DNA, attracts a broad spectrum of scientific intellects and publications on the antibiotic can be found in a variety of different journals. For the inorganic chemist the challenges with bleomycin are just beginning. While the large size of the molecule complicates the study of metal binding phenomena, the drug is small enough to be studied using the structural techniques normally employed by the coordination chemist, e.g., 1H and 13C nmr. Although significant progress toward understanding the structure and chemistry of the important metallobleomycins has been made, much remains yet to be done. It is hoped that by placing in perspective the accomplishments of the past, this review will help to more clearly define the course of future experimentation on the antibiotic. 相似文献
The presence of superoxide dismutase in bovine and human milk was investigated by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and isoelectric
focusing. Conclusive evidence for the presence of this enzyme in both milks is presented. The molecular weight of the enzyme
was estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 to be 30,000, which is consistent with reported values for the copper, zinc
form of superoxide dismutase. In addition, enzyme activity was inhibited by cyanide, thus eliminating the possibility that
the enzyme was present in the manganese form. Several isoenzymes were detected by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel,
and the isoenzyme pattern in bovine milk was the same as that found for bovine plasma, suggesting that milk superoxide dismutase
originates from plasma. It may be that the presence of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase in milk is important for the maintenance
of its oxidative stability. 相似文献