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51.
An omnibus test of normality for moderate and large size samples 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
52.
A chemiosmotic molecular mechanism for proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatases 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
P Mitchell 《FEBS letters》1974,43(2):189-194
53.
Admissible clustering procedures 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
54.
The enantioseparation of the sherry aroma components 5-oxo-4-hydroxyhexanoic acid γ-lactone (solerone) and 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid γ-lactone (solerole) is achieved, using Chiraspher (Merck) as the chiral HPLC phase and the optical purity ascertained directly by HRGC with heptakis(3-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin (Lipodex D) as the chiral stationary phase. The absolute configurations of 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid γ-lactones are assigned by 1H-NMR spectral data of diastereomeric α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid (MTPA) esters, according to Mosher's model. Sensory qualities of the isomers are given. 相似文献
55.
A vivid model of chiral recognition 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hands can be used to demonstrate the three-point model of chiral recognition. The points of attachment are thumb, forefinger, and middle finger. This vivid model has the advantages of simplicity, perspicuity, and availability at any time, although two persons are necessary. It can be shown that two interactions are not sufficient for chiral recognition but that three attractive or two attractive and one repulsive attraction are needed. It can also be used to explain some possibilities of weakening or elusion of the three-point model. 相似文献
56.
Enantiomers of diastereomeric benzo[a]pyrene (BP) diol-epoxides, r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BP (BP 7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide), r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-c-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BP (BP 7,8-diol-syn-9,10-epoxide), r-9,t-10-dihydroxy-t-7,8-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BP (BP 9,10-diol-anti-7,8-epoxide), and several 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrenes (BP tetrols) were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using columns packed with either (R)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)phenylglycine[(R)-DNBPG] or (S)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucine [(S)-DNBL], which is either ionically or covalently bonded to gamma-aminopropylsilanized silica. Resolution of enantiomers was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible absorption and circular dichroism spectral analyses. Resolved enantiomers of BP diol-epoxides were each hydrolyzed in acidic solution to a pair of diastereomeric tetrols which were separated by reversed-phase HPLC. Absolute stereochemistries of enantiomeric diol-epoxides were deduced by the absolute configuration of their hydrolysis products. 相似文献
57.
Summary It is generally agreed that solute transport across theChara plasma membrane is energized by a proton electrochemical gradient maintained by an H+-extruding ATPase. Nonetheless, as deduced from steady-state current-voltage (I-V) measurements, the kinetic and thermodynamic constraints on H+-ATPase function remain in dispute. Uncertainties necessarily surround long-term effects of the relatively nonspecific antagonists used in the past; but a second, and potentially more serious problem has sprung from the custom of subtracting, across the voltage spectrum, currents recorded following pump inhibition from currents measured in the control. This practice must fail to yield the trueI-V profile for the pump when treatments alter the thermodynamic pressure on transport.We have reviewed these issues, using rapid metabolic blockade with cyanide and fitting the resultant whole-cellI-V and difference-current-voltage (dI-V) relations to a reaction kinetic model for the pump and parallel, ensemble leak. Measurements were carried out after blocking excitation with LaCl3, so that steady-state currents could be recorded under voltage clamp between –400 and +100 mV. Exposures to 1mm NaCN (CN) and 0.4mm salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) depolarized (positive-going)Chara membrane potentials by 44–112 mV with a mean half time of 5.4±0.8 sec (n=13). ATP contents, which were followed in parallel experiments, decayed coincidently with a mean half time of 5.3±0.9 sec ([ATP]
t=0, 0.74±0.3mm; [ATP]
t=x
, 0.23±0.02mm). Current-voltage response to metabolic blockade was described quantitatively in context of these changes in ATP content and the consequent reduction in pump turnover rate accompanied by variable declines in ensemble leak conductance. Analyses ofdI-V curves (±CN+SHAM) as well as of families ofI-V curves taken at times during CN+SHAM exposures indicated a stoichiometry for the pump of one charge (H+) transported per ATP hydrolyzed and an equilibrium potential near –420 mV at neutral external pH; under these conditions, the pump accounted for approximately 60–75% of the total membrane conductance nearV
m. Complementary results were obtained also in fitting previously publishedI-V data gathered over the external pH range 4.5–7.5 Kinetic features deduced for the pump were dominated by a slow step preceding H+ unloading outside, and by recycling and loading steps on the inside which were in rapid equilibrium. These characteristics predict, in marked contrast to the situation forNeurospora, that cytoplasmic acid loads inChara should shift the pumpI-V curve negative-going along the voltage axis with little change in maximum current output at positive voltages. 相似文献
58.
Thievery,home ranges,and nestmate recognition inEctatomma ruidum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Thievery of food items among colonies of a ponerine ant,Ectatomma ruidum was common; nonnestmates in colonies or near the colony entrances receive incoming food items and carry them to their own
colony. In our study area 7 of 10 colonies were victimized by thief ants. Colonies have discrete home ranges and home range
size is correlated with the number of workers in the colony. Worker ants discriminate nestmates from non-nestmates when non-nestmates
are presented at colony entrances, but individuals from different colonies were not observed to engage in agonistic interactions
away from nest entrances. Non-nestmates gain entrance to colonies when the entrance is unguarded. Many instances of non-nestmates
being removed from colonies by residents were observed. The costs and benefits of theft under these circumstances are considered. 相似文献
59.
The 15N isotope dilution technique and the N difference method were used to estimate N2 fixation by clover growing in a mixture with ryegrass, in a field experiment and a controlled environment experiment. Values obtained using N difference were approximately 25% lower than those estimated using 15N isotope dilution. In the field experiment there was a measured N benefit to grass growing with clover, equivalent to 42.7 kgN ha-1. The grass in the mixture had a lower atom %15N content and a higher N content than grass in a monoculture; therefore values for N2 fixation were different depending on choice of control plant i.e. monoculture or mixture grass. In the controlled environment experiment there were no significant differences between either the atom %15N contents or the N contents of monoculture grass and grass growing in a mixture with clover. It is concluded that there is a long term indirect transfer of N from clover to associated grass which can lead to errors in estimates of N2 fixation. 相似文献
60.
Takahiro Tsukahara 《Primates; journal of primatology》1990,31(2):147-156
Grooming initiation among adult males and females of a Japanese macaque troop was analyzed during the non-mating season. Some
gestures (“solicitation”) elicited grooming from partners at a high rate. Grooming initiation patterns were divided into two
main types: (1) a male often solicited a female to groom him immediately after approaching her and was groomed by her; and
(2) a female approached an alpha male selectively, and immediately groomed him. After a female groomed a male, she rarely
solicited him to groom her and instead often moved away from him. These results indicated that males were motivated to be
groomed, while females were more highly motivated to groom. Sex differences in grooming motivation can be explained by sex
differences in the benefit to be groomed. 相似文献