苗药大果木姜子挥发油成分变化及其地理分布

采用ArcGIS地理信息系统软件的空间分析方法和SPSS13.0统计软件的统计分析方法,分析了大果木姜子化学型及其地理分布。结果显示:(1)大果木姜子果实挥发油的化学组分主要存在3种化学型:HS型、PJ型和LS型,其中PJ型和LS型的化学成分构成较为相近。(2)HS型主要分布在苗岭的西南部、红水河流域800 m以下的区域,以1,8-桉叶素和α-松油醇的百分含量高于60%(1,8-桉叶素大于55%)、α-水芹烯和D-柠檬烯的百分含量低于10%为特征;PJ型主要分布在南北盘江流域、乌蒙山东南部800 m左右的区域,以1,8-桉叶素和α-松油醇的百分含量低于50%(1,8-桉叶素小于40%)、α-水芹烯和D-柠檬烯的百分含量介于(10%-20%)为特征;LS型主要分布在岑王老山900 m以上的区域,1,8-桉叶素小于30%。(3)分布区内的气候在一定程度上影响了大果木姜子果实挥发油的形成与变化,太阳辐射和日照时数是其主要影响因素之一。     

Identification and Genetic Division of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium asiaticum by Species‐Specific SCAR Markers

Fusarium head blight (FHB), also called scab, is a devastating and insidious disease of cereals including wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide. Apart from direct yield losses, the most serious concern about FHB is the contamination of the crop with mycotoxins, which pose a health risk to human and livestock. Recent research reported that phylogenetic species F. asiaticum (Fa) and F. graminearum (Fg) were the major causal agents of FHB from infected wheat heads in China. To investigate the population structure of Fusarium species in China by species‐specific as well as the chemotype‐specific markers, sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were screened on representative isolates of F. asiaticum‐NIV, F. asiaticum‐ 3ADON and F. graminearum‐15ADON to find amplification products characteristic of either species or chemotypes. Selected amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced so that sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer pairs could be developed which permit specific detection of Fusarium species using conventional PCR. Primer pairs SCAR‐Fa1 and SCAR‐Fg1 were confirmed to be able to amplify specific products only in F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates, respectively. These species‐specific primers were applied to determine genetic division of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates collected in Yangtze–Huaihe valley. The results indicated that F. asiaticum was the predominant species causing FHB in this wheat production area. It is the first report that SRAP markers were adapted for species characterization in Fusarium isolates.     

Relations between the chemotype of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodobacter capsulatus</Emphasis> strains and the cell electrophoretic properties

The cells of two Rhodobacter capsulatus strains, B10 and PG, and the LPS of their cell walls were studied by electrophysical and biochemical methods. Strain B10 was found to belong to the R chemotype, and strain PG, to the RS chemotype. A relation was revealed between the chemotype of the photosynthesizing bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus and the electrophoretic properties of their cells.     

云南栽培大麻的化学类型

本文报道了云南17个县的23个主要大麻品种的化学类型?发现药用型、中间型和纤维型的品种分别占43.5,26.1和30.4%;大麻的化学类型主要取决于遗传因素。作者讨论了以往大麻化学类型分类标准存在的缺点,提出单用四氢大麻酚(THC)含量来划分大麻化学类型的观点,并建议,大麻的发展对策应以“依法管理,兴利避害,因地制宜,区别对待”作为指导思想。     

我国樟属精油资源研究近况

概述我国樟属（ＣｉｎｎａｍｏｍｕｍＢｌ．）植物资源的地理分布与现状,近年我国樟属枝叶精油化学成分及化学类型的研究以及枝叶蒸油取脑的精油开发新途径,研究结果表明,建立单一化学类型种植基地,可确保生产高质量樟属精油,同时也能保护樟属化学类型的种质资源。     

Mise en évidence de deux types chimiques chez le Cannabis sativa originaire d'afrique du sud

Culture in a phytotron of Cannabis sativa L. originating from S. Africa revealed the presence of two chemotypes varying in concentration of tetrahy     

Ecotype Variation of Methyl Eugenol Content in Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia and Melaleuca linariifolia)

Methyl eugenol is a natural phenylpropanoid compound found in a wide range of plants used for food, flavouring, cosmetics, and health‐care. As a suspected rodent carcinogen, methyl eugenol may also be harmful to humans when present in significant concentrations. Consequently, its level has been restricted in some foodstuffs and cosmetics for some markets. In order to assess the potential to breed uniformly low methyl eugenol cultivars for an essential oil crop, tea tree, the source of ‘Oil of Melaleuca, terpinene‐4‐ol type’, we examine levels in individual trees (n = 30) from two geographic regions and six terpene chemotypes. Overall, methyl eugenol levels were low in this species (Mean [SD] 354 [239] ppm, n = 30), much lower than levels predicted to be of toxicological concern. Within each chemotype, there was a lack of evidence for correlations between terpenoid constituents and methyl eugenol levels. Further support for the independence of methyl eugenol and terpene biosynthesis was evident from similar mean levels in selected (Mean [SD] 586 [339] ppm, n = 12) and undomesticated Melaleuca alternifolia trees (Mean [SD] 480 [299] ppm, n = 5) with terpinen‐4‐ol type oils. By contrast, methyl eugenol level varied by geographic origin and chemotype. Trees from the upland region, where there is a prevalence of terpinolene type trees, had lower average methyl eugenol levels than trees from the coastal region, where there is a prevalence of terpinen‐4‐ol and 1,8‐cineole type trees.     

Circadian and seasonal study of the cinnamate chemotype from Lippia origanoides Kunth

The leaves of Lippia origanoides Kunth are used in culinary as flavoring regional dishes and remedy for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in the Amazon region. The circadian and seasonal study of its essential oil was characterized by GC and GC–MS analysis. The oil components were grouped into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoids, during the dry and rainy season. The main constituents were (E)-methyl cinnamate, (E)-nerolidol, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, carvacrol, α-pinene, (E)-caryophyllene and γ-terpinene, with great variation throughout the year. In this work, we are reporting the occurrence of a new chemotype for L. origanoides, characterized by an essential oil rich in (E)-methyl cinnamate and (E)-nerolidol, with fruity-woody odor, reminiscent of cinnamon, strawberry and wood. The oil yield varied from 1.7% to 4.6%, which is considered a significant value for the production of essential oils on an industrial scale. This new chemotype may have ecological, chemosystematics and taxonomic significance in the management and economic utilization of the species.