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61.
After considering the need for quality control in NAA, the concept of quality in NAA procedures themselves is discussed, and
some important factors identified. Two approaches to improve quality are then described in more detail. The first concerns
the unique ability of NAA using different isotopic reactions and different modes (INAA/RNAA) to provide independent data sets
in the same laboratory, thus allowing internal validation or crosschecking. The second discusses the need for chemical yield
measurements in RNAA and the advantages of the radioisotopic tracer technique. Some recent advances and further possibilities
for this use of tracers are listed. 相似文献
62.
Viability of spores of Bacillus cereus was totally inhibited at 85°C over 30 min by adding 0.4% (w/v) potassium sorbate with 6% (w/v) NaCl at pH 4.5. Viability of B. stearothermophilus spores was totally inhibited at 95°C for 45 min in a buffer at pH 4.2 containing 0.8% (w/v) potassium sorbate and 8% (w/v) NaCl. A synergistic inhibitory effect was demonstrated in some of the combinations. The inhibition may be due to interference with the heat-resistance apparatus of the spores.O.B. Oloyede was and J. Scholefield is with the Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Food Science Division, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1SD, UK. O.B. Oloyede is now with the Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. 相似文献
63.
Prabha Modi Professor B. Sadasivudu U. Lakshminarayana C. R. K. Murthy 《Neurochemical research》1994,19(3):353-358
The functional significance of ammonia production in brain under physiological or pathological conditions is not clearly known. NH4
+ stimulates Na+, K+ activated ATPase causing stabilization of neuronal membranes of which gangliosides are major structural components. Moreover ammonia is known to inhibit lysosomal enzymes which include enzymes degrading gangliosides. Gangliosides have been shown to stimulate neuritogenesis in neuronal cultures and prevent the damage of the neurons from glutamate toxicity particularly in areas of brain ischemia. Hyperammonemia without any behavioural changes was induced in experimental rats by intraperitoneal administration of either a single dose (0.8 mmol/100 g wt.) or by six hourly doses (0.6 mmol/100 g wt.) of ammonium acetate. An increase in the content of gangliosides along with a rise in the content of GD1A and GD1B without any change in -galactosidase and N-acetylhexosaminidase was observed in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem, following the administration of single dose of ammonium acetate. Gangliosides, after extraction from the different brain regions, were estimated by the thiobarbituric acid method and expressed in terms of sialic acid. Individual gangliosides were separated and estimated by thin layer chromatography using resorcinol as the staining agent. These results suggest that ammonia production in the neuronal pathways in brain either as a result of repeated stimulation under physiological conditions or as a result of focal ischemia or injury, may likewise cause an increase in the content of gangliosides which may help in neuritic growth (physiological conditions facilitating synaptic plasticity) and may exert a protective effect on the neurons in the ischemic area against glutamate toxicity.Former Professor of Biochemistry, OMC, Hyderabad. 相似文献
64.
Summary We have examined the 13C and 13C chemical shifts of a number of proteins and found that their values at the N-terminal end of a helix provide a good predictor for the presence of a capping box. A capping box consists of a hydrogen-bonded cycle of four amino acids in which the side chain of the N-cap residue forms a hydrogen bond with the backbone amide of the N3 residue, whose side chain in turn may accept a hydrogen bond from the amide of the N-cap residue. The N-cap residue exhibits characteristic values for its backbone torsion angles, with and clustering around 94±15° and 167±5°, respectively. This is manifested by a 1–2 ppm upfield shift of the 13C resonance and a 1–4 ppm downfield shift of the 13C resonance, relative to their random coil values, and is mainly associated with the unusually large value of . The residues following the N-cap residue exhibit downfield shifts of 1–3 ppm for the 13C resonances and small upfield shifts for the 13C ones, typical of an -helix. 相似文献
65.
Soil-eating byAlouatta andAteles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kosei Izawa 《International journal of primatology》1993,14(2):229-242
Among 12 species of New World monkeys studied in La Macarena Region and the River Caquetá basin of Colombia, onlyAlouatta seniculus andAteles belzebuth were frequently observed to eat soil. They do this at particular sites on the ground called salados by local people. They also eat termite nests found on tree trunks. OnlyAteles drink the water of salado sites. The chemical properties of 17 soil samples and 5 water samples were analyzed. The results are discussed in relation to the question of whyAlouatta andAteles eat soil. 相似文献
66.
L. Schreiber H.-W. Breiner M. Riederer M. Düggelin R. Guggenheim 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》1994,107(5):353-361
The root endodermis of Clivia miniata Reg. was successfully isolated using the cell wall degrading enzymes cellulase and pectinase. The enzymes did not depolymerize those regions of the primary cell walls of anticlinal endodermal root cells where the Casparian strips were located. Since the endodermis of C. miniata roots remained in its primary developmental state over the whole root length, endodermal isolates essentially represented Casparian strips. Thus, sufficient amounts of isolated Casparian strips could be obtained to allow further detailed investigations of the isolates by microscopic, histochemical and analytical methods. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the reticular structure of the Casparian strips completely surrounding the central cylinder of the roots. Whereas in younger parts of the root only the anticlinal cell walls of the endodermis remained intact in the isolates, in older parts of the root the periclinal walls also restricted enzymatic degradation due to the deposition of lignin. Extracts of the isolates with organic solvents did not reveal any wax-like substances which might have been deposited within the cell wall forming a transport barrier, as is the case with cutin and suberin. However, several histochemical and analytical methods (elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy) showed that the chemical nature of the Casparian strips of C. miniata roots can definitely be a lignified cell wall. These findings are in complete agreement with studies carried out at the beginning of this century on the chemical nature of the Casparian strips of several other plant species. The implications of these results concerning apoplasmatic transport of solutes and water across Casparian strips are discussed. 相似文献
67.
不同树种混交林及其纯林对土壤理化性质影响的研究 总被引:41,自引:11,他引:30
对针阔混交林土壤理化性质的研究表明,针阔混交林比针叶树纯林对土壤的改良作用要好,它使土壤总孔隙度增加2—19%,水分含量增加6—31%,枯枝落叶年凋落量增加2—200%;土壤养分含量全N、NH4-N、代换性Ca、代换性Mg和腐殖质含量分别增加45—75%、33—82%、55—85%、44—84%和37—46%. 相似文献
68.
不同产地苍术药材化学成分的比较 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
江苏、安徽及湖北5个产地苍术(Atractylodeslancea(Thunb.)DC.)商品药材的化学分析结果表明:它们在某些药材性状、一些常规化学成分、挥发油成分和含量上存在显著差异。江苏茅苍术根茎挥发油的化学成分复杂,由此探讨了它作为地道药材的特殊性。同时对苍术的“断面暴露稍久可析出结晶”的性状和《药典》(1990年版)规定的“层析谱上应显有苍术素斑点”的鉴别实验进行讨论。 相似文献
69.
Heinz Löffler 《Hydrobiologia》1993,264(3):169-174
The northwestern area of the Pannonian Lowland extends into Austria. The climatic and hydrologic attributes of this biographic region promote the existence of extremely astatic bodies water lacking any fish and hence the occurrence of Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata and Spinicaudata. Zoogeographical and ecological features as well as the extinction of species due to anthropogenic influence are described.Dedicated to Prof. Dr F. Berger, Lunz, Austria, on the occasion of his 90th birthdayDedicated to Prof. Dr F. Berger, Lunz, Austria, on the occasion of his 90th birthday 相似文献
70.
Giovanna Belmonte Cecilia Pederzolli Peter Maček Gianfranco Menestrina 《The Journal of membrane biology》1993,131(1):11-22
Summary The interaction ofActinia equina equinatoxin II (EqT-II) with human red blood cells (HRBC) and with model lipid membranes was studied. It was found that HRBC hemolysis by EqT-II is the result of a colloid-osmotic shock caused by the opening of toxin-induced ionic pores. In fact, hemolysis can be prevented by osmotic protectants of adequate size. The functional radius of the lesion was estimated to be about 1.1 nm. EqT-II increased also the permeability of calcein-loaded lipid vesicles comprised of different phospholipids. The rate of permeabilization rised when sphingomyelin was introduced into the vesicles, but it was also a function of the pH of the medium, optimum activity being between pH 8 and 9; at pH 10 the toxin became markedly less potent. From the dose-dependence of the permeabilization it was inferred that EqT-II increases membrane permeability by forming oligomeric channels comprising several copies of the cytolysin monomer. The existence of such oligomers was directly demonstrated by chemical cross-linking. Addition of EqT-II to one side of a planar lipid membrane (PLM) increases the conductivity of the film in discrete steps of defined amplitude indicating the formation of cation-selective channels. The conductance of the channel is consistent with the estimated size of the lesion formed in HRBC. High pH and sphingomyelin promoted the interaction even in this system. Chemical modification of lysine residues or carboxyl groups of this protein changed the conductance, the ion selectivity and the current-voltage characteristic of the pore, suggesting that both these groups were present in its lumen. 相似文献