Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection in a chimpanzee

Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection in a chimpanzee, estimated to be a 12-year-old and born in West Africa, is reported. The hepatic tumor appeared as a solitary firm nodule, and histological examination revealed well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with a trabecular pattern. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections were excluded by serological testing in that animal. This is the first report of hepatocellular carcinoma in the chimpanzee with schistosomiasis.     

Inhibition of Acrosomal Enzymes by Gossypol Is Related to Its Antifertility Action

ＩｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｃｒｏｓｏｍａｌＥｎｚｙｍｅｓｂｙＧｏｓｓｙｐｏｌＩｓＲｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏＩｔｓＡｎｔｉｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙＡｃｔｉｏｎＹＵＡＮＹｕ－ｙｉｎｇ;（袁玉英）ＺＨＡＮＧＹａｎ－ｌｉｎ;（张燕林）ＳＨＩＱｉ－ｘｉａｎ（石其贤）（Ｚｈｅ...     

血清肿瘤标志物与宫颈癌病理特征的关系及对术后复发的预测研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清肿瘤标志物与宫颈癌病理特征的关系及对术后复发的预测研究。方法：选择2015年1月至2017年12月来我院诊治的宫颈癌患者82例作为观察组,选择同期来我院体检的健康女性者50例,两组均使用电化学发光免疫分析法检测血清中的CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平,观察组患者随访时间截至2022年12月。对比两组血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平,分析观察组患者血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平与临床病理特征的关系,分析观察组患者术后随访复发情况,宫颈癌根治术后患者复发的单因素与多因素Cox回归结果,血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平对宫颈癌根治术后复发的预测价值。结果：观察组的血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平明显较对照组高（P<0.05）。宫颈癌患者不同FIGO分期、间质浸润深度及是否存在淋巴结转移间血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）。82例患者随访时间为13~60个月,中位生存时间为39个月,截止2022年12月末次随访,82例患者术后复发18例（21.95%）。单因素及多因素Cox回归分析表明,FIGO分期在ⅡA期、间质浸润深度≥1/2、有淋巴结转移、CA125≥307.41 U/mL、CA153≥185.89 U/mL、CA199≥153.23 U/mL、CEA≥30.15 ng/mL是影响宫颈癌术后复发的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,CA125+CA153+CA199+CEA预测宫颈癌术后复发的AUC明显较CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA单独指标预测价值高（P<0.05）。结论：宫颈癌患者血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA高表达,其与间质浸润深度、FIGO 分期、淋巴结转移、术后复发有关,四者联合可作为宫颈癌术后复发的预测指标。     

Interlaboratory Reproducibility In Reporting Inadequate Cervical Smears—A Multicentre Multinational Study

A set of 300 vaginal smears was interpreted by 13 cytologists from six European laboratories, who were requested to report inadequate and suboptimal smears. the set had been appropriately seeded to reach approximately 10% inadequate and 20% suboptimal smear frequency. According to the majority report, 230 smears were classified as adequate (76.7%), 43 as inadequate (14.3%), and 27 as suboptimal (9.0%). Agreement with the majority report ranged from 52% to 91% (average 78%). Kappa statistics for reporting inadequate smears showed a high level of agreement for five cytologists, and fair to good agreement for eight. In contrast, K statistics for reporting suboptimal smears showed fair to good agreement with the majority report only in five instances, whereas agreement was poor for eight cytologists. ‘Inadequate smear’rates may be used to compare the quality of smears received in different laboratories, as there is a high level of agreement among cytologists as to what constitutes an inadequate smear. However, this is not true for ‘suboptimal smear’ rates, and more precise reporting criteria must be defined and tested if an intermediate category is to be retained to report poor quality smears: more precise reporting criteria must be defined and tested if an intermediate category is to be retained to report poor quality smears. Une série de 300 frottis cervico-vaginaux a été examinee par 13 cytologistes appartenant à 6 laboratoires européens auxquels il avait été demandé de signaler les frottis inadéquats et sub-optimaux. Cette série de frottis a été constituée de façon à atteindre approximativement une fréquence de 10% de frottis inadéquats et de 20% de frottis sub-optimaux. Si I'on considère les réponses faites par la majorité des cytologistes, 230 frottis ont été classés adéquats (76,7%), 43 classés inadéquats (14,3%), et 27 comme sub-optimaux (9,0%). La concordance avec les réponses de la majorité des cytologistes varie de 52%à 91% (moyenne 78%). Concernant le signalement des frottis inadéquats, le test Kappa est excellent pour 5 cytologistes et moyen à bon pour les 8 autres. Au contraire, pour le signalement des frottis sub-optimaux, le test Kappa montre un accord moyen à bon avec les réponses de la majorité seulement dans 5 cas alors que I'agrément est mauvais pour 8 cytologistes. La fréquence des frottis inadéquats peut être utilisée pour comparer la qualité de prélèvement du frottis dans différents laboratoires, alors que les comparaisons de la fréquence des frottis sub-optimaux sont discutables, du fait d'un biais de diagnostic évident. Des critéres plus précis pour le signalement des frottis sub-optimaux doivent étre définis et testés si cette catégorie doit être retenue pour rapporter les frottis de mauvaise qualité. 300 Abstriche wurden durch 13 Zytologen aus 6 europäischen Laboratorien hinsichtlich der Kriterien ‘unbrauchbar’und ‘suboptimal’beurteilt. Die Sammlung enthielt etwa 10% unbrauchbare und 20% suboptimale Präparate. Mehrheitlich wurden 230 Abstriche als auswertbar (76,7%), 43 als unbrauchbar (14,3%) und 27 als suboptimal (9,0%) bezeichnet. Die Statistik ergab hinsichtlich der unbrauchbaren Abstriche eine ausgezeichnete Ûbereinstimmung für 5 und eine gute Ûbereinstim-mung für 8 Zytologen. Demgegenüber zeigte sich hinsichtlich der Beurteilung suboptimal nur 5mal eine gute und 8mal eine schlechte Ûbereinstimmung. Damit ist die Kategorie suboptimal ungeeignet zum Vergleich und bedarf einer genaueren Definition wenn sie für die Qualitätskontrolle eingesetzt werden soll.     

培养大鼠颈上神经节单烟碱受体通道及突触电流的膜片钳研究

在培养１─２周的大鼠颈上神经节交感神经元标本上,用膜片钳技术记录了单烟碱受体通道电流及胆碱能突触电流,并分析了它们之间的关系。单烟碱受体通道至少有三种亚导状态,即１５ｐＳ,２７ｐＳ,３８ｐＳ,其中以２７ｐＳ最常见。通道有两种开放模式,即单个短促开放与长串开放。对应的平均开放时间分别为τ＿１＝１．７１ｍｓ,τ＿２＝１２．２４ｍｓ。对自发突触电流的分析表明,其下降相的衰减时间常数（τ＝１５．７±１ｍｓ）与上述长串开放的持续时间相当,提示在突触传递过程中,突触前末梢释放的ＡＣｈ引起了突触后神经元烟碱受体通道的长串开放。     

Melanotic ependymoma in a Goeldi's marmoset (Callimico goeldii)

A spontaneous melanotic ependymoma was observed in the brain of an adult female Goeldi's marmoset (Callimico goeldii). The mass completely occupied the left lateral ventricle, rupturing the fornix and corpus callosum, and compressing the adjacent neuropil. Special histochemical techniques, including melanin bleach, periodic acid-Schiff, Perls iron and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, demonstrated the neoplasms to be an ependymoma with a rare melanotic differentiation.     

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Regulation of Sympathetic Neuron Neuropeptide Y and Catecholamine Expression

Abstract: Two forms of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), the 38- and 27-amino-acid forms (PACAP38 and PACAP27, respectively), which share amino acid sequence homology with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), were evaluated for their abilities to regulate sympathetic neuron catecholamine and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression. PACAP38 and PACAP27 potently and efficaciously stimulated NPY and catecholamine secretion in primary cultured superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons; 100- to 1,000-fold higher concentrations of VIP were required to modulate secretion, suggesting that SCG neurons express the PACAP-selective type I receptor. PACAP38 elicited a sustained seven- to ninefold increase in the rate of NPY secretion and three-fold stimulation in the rate of catecholamine release. PACAP38 and PACAP27 produced parallel neuronal NPY and catecholamine release, but cellular levels of NPY and catecholamines were differentially regulated. Sympathetic neuron NPY content was decreased, whereas cellular total catecholamine levels were elevated by the PACAP peptides; total NPY and catecholamine levels (secreted plus cellular content) were increased. In concert with the increased total peptide and transmitter production, pro-NPY and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels were elevated. Furthermore, PACAP38 was more efficacious than PACAP27 in regulating pro-NPY and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA. SCG neuronal expression of mRNA encoding the type I PACAP receptor further supported the studies demonstrating that sympathetic neuronal levels of NPY and catecholamine content and secretion and mRNA are differentially regulated by the PACAP peptides.     

Cervex brush versus vaginal–cervical–endocervical (VCE) triple smear techniques in cervical sampling

Cervex brush versus vaginal–cervical–endocervical (VCE) triple smear techniques in cervical sampling
Cervex brush sampling was compared with the conventional triple vaginal–cervical–endocervical (VCE) smear technique. Nine hundred and fifty‐nine Cervex brush smears and 1064 VCE smears were studied. All smears with both methods were technically satisfactory for evaluation. Endocervical cells were found in 90.7% and metaplastic cells in 73.3% of Cervex brush samples and in 92.5% and 64.1% of VCE samples, respectively. There were significantly more metaplastic cells in smears from premenopausal women. Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) was found in three Cervex brush samples and in two VCE samples. High‐grade SIL was found only in one Cervex brush sample. Benign cellular changes were found in 142 Cervex brush samples and in 144 VCE samples. Sampling with the Cervex brush is efficient, simple and fast and gives high quality cervical smears for cytological evaluation.     

Routine audit of breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology specimens and aspirator inadequate rates

Routine audit of breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology specimens and aspirator inadequate rates In an attempt to improve the quality of the breast FNA specimens we instigated a continuing audit of this procedure in this hospital. All FNAs since 1990 have had the following recorded: mode of aspiration, e.g. freehand or image guided, patient presentation (screening or symptomatic), patient diagnostic category, cytological diagnosis and final histological diagnosis. Aspirator performance was assessed by means of the inadequate aspiration rate (IR) of FNAs performed on patients with a final diagnosis of cancer (FDC) and diagnostic category A patients (clinically or radiologically malignant lesions). An ongoing annual review of the performance of all the aspirators was undertaken, all of whom received individual feedback. Counselling and further training were offered where indicated by poor performance. Over the period 1990–1995 a total of 13 537 FNAs were performed by 27 aspirators. The IR on category A and FDC cases over this period was 16.0% and 18.1%. The best performance achieved by an aspirator in a calendar year was an IR of 3.6% with no inadequate specimens in either FDC or category A lesions, and the best performance over the entire period was an average IR of 11.75% and 14.25% for FDC and category A groups, respectively. The overall IR on category A patients ranged from 15.9% to 23.8% and on FDC cases from 12.2% to 21.7%. There was a significant improvement in individual junior aspirator performance when their first year was compared with their last year on the unit. In some cases a deterioration in intra-aspirator performance was observed, from an IR of 6% to 33%. The overall IR rate of the unit remained stable for FDC patients, 15.5% in 1990 compared with 15.1% in 1995. This appeared to be largely due to a high proportion of the aspirations being performed by experienced personnel with consistent IRs. However, concealed within the overall rate there were some poor performers who benefited from counselling and/or further training. These results indicate an important role for audit in identifying poor aspirators who benefit from targeted training and advice, thereby improving the quality of FNA specimens, and ultimately patient care.     

大鼠颈上神经节烟碱电流的整流及失敏

在培养的新生大鼠颈上神经节交感神经元标本上,用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（ｎＡＣｈＲ）通道的整流及失敏现象。烟碱激动剂引起的全细胞电流在膜电位为负值时随膜电位呈线性改变,而在膜电位达＋６０ｍＶ时仍不出现外向电流,表现出强烈的内向整流。ｎＡＣｈＲ通道电流存在失敏现象,即持续恒压喷射激动剂所引起的全细胞电流随时间呈指数衰减,不能保持在峰值水平,失敏随激剂浓度呈量效关系,膜电位的超极化也加