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61.
Amador RR Longo JP Lacava ZG Dórea JG Almeida Santos Mde F 《Genetics and molecular biology》2012,35(1):153-158
Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) is an insulin-sensitizing agent that lowers fasting plasma-insulin concentration, wherefore it's wide use for patients with a variety of insulin-resistant and prediabetic states, including impaired glucose tolerance. During pregnancy it is a further resource for reducing first-trimester pregnancy loss in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. We tested metformin genotoxicity in cells of Chinese hamster ovary, CHO-K1 (chromosome aberrations; comet assays) and in mice (micronucleus assays). Concentrations of 114.4 μg/mL and 572 μg/mL were used in in vitro tests, and 95.4 mg/kg, 190.8 mg/kg and 333.9 mg/kg in assaying. Although the in vitro tests revealed no chromosome aberrations in metaphase cells, DNA damage was detected by comet assaying after 24 h of incubation at both concentrations. The frequency of DNA damage was higher at concentrations of 114.4 μg/mL. Furthermore, although mortality was not observed in in vitro tests, the highest dose of metformin suppressed bone marrow cells. However, no statistically significant differences were noted in micronuclei frequencies between treatments. In vitro results indicate that chronic metformin exposure may be potentially genotoxic. Thus, pregnant woman undergoing treatment with metformin should be properly evaluated beforehand, as regards vulnerability to DNA damage. 相似文献
62.
Shubhra Majumder Mark Slabodnick Amanda Pike Joseph Marquardt Harold A. Fisk 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2012,11(19):3666-3678
Centrioles are duplicated during S-phase to generate the two centrosomes that serve as mitotic spindle poles during mitosis. The centrosomal pool of the Mps1 kinase is important for centriole assembly, but how Mps1 is delivered to centrosomes is unknown. Here we have identified a centrosome localization domain within Mps1 and identified the mitochondrial porin VDAC3 as a protein that binds to this region of Mps1. Moreover, we show that VDAC3 is present at the mother centriole and modulates centriole assembly by recruiting Mps1 to centrosomes. 相似文献
63.
Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis is regulated and secured by several distinctly different yet intricately connected regulatory mechanisms. As chromosomal instability is a hallmark of a majority of tumors as well as a cause of infertility for germ cells, extensive research in the past has focused on the identification and characterization of molecular components that are crucial for faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. Shugoshins, including Sgo1 and Sgo2, are evolutionarily conserved proteins that function to protect sister chromatid cohesion, thus ensuring chromosomal stability during mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes. Recent studies reveal that Shugoshins in higher animals play an essential role not only in protecting centromeric cohesion of sister chromatids and assisting bi-orientation attachment at the kinetochores, but also in safeguarding centriole cohesion/engagement during early mitosis. Many molecular components have been identified that play essential roles in modulating/mediating Sgo functions. This review primarily summarizes recent advances on the mechanisms of action of Shugoshins in suppressing chromosomal instability during nuclear division in eukaryotic organisms. 相似文献
64.
Suranjana Mukherjee J. Daniel Diaz Valencia Shannon Stewman Jeremy Metz Sylvain Monnier Uttama Rath Ana B. Asenjo Rabab A. Charafeddine Hernando J. Sosa Jennifer L. Ross Ao Ma David J. Sharp 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2012,11(12):2359-2366
Fidgetin is a member of the AAA protein superfamily with important roles in mammalian development. Here we show that human Fidgetin is a potent microtubule severing and depolymerizing the enzyme used to regulate mitotic spindle architecture, dynamics and anaphase A. In vitro, recombinant human Fidgetin severs taxol-stabilized microtubules along their length and promotes depolymerization, primarily from their minus-ends. In cells, human Fidgetin targets to centrosomes, and its depletion with siRNA significantly reduces the velocity of poleward tubulin flux and anaphase A chromatid-to-pole motion. In addition, the loss of Fidgetin induces a microtubule-dependent enlargement of mitotic centrosomes and an increase in the number and length of astral microtubules. Based on these data, we propose that human Fidgetin actively suppresses microtubule growth from and attachment to centrosomes. 相似文献
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66.
UVRAG is a promoter of the autophagy pathway, and its deficiency may fuel the development of cancers. Intriguingly, our recent study has demonstrated that this protein also mediates the repair of damaged DNA and patrols centrosome stability, mechanisms that commonly prevent cancer progression, in a manner independent of its role in autophagy signaling. Given the central role of UVRAG in genomic stability and autophagic cleaning, it is speculated that UVRAG is a bona fide genome protector and that the decrease in UVRAG seen in some cancers may render these cells vulnerable to chromosomal damage, making UVRAG an appealing target for cancer therapy. 相似文献
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68.
Centrins are members of the centrosome protein family, which is highly conserved during revolution. The homologous genes of centrin in many organisms had been cloned, but the sequences of the rat centrin genes were not reported yet in GenBank. We cloned the cDNA fragments of centrin-1, -2 and -3 from the rat testis by RT-PCR, and analyzed the homology of the deduced amino acid sequences. The expression characterization of centrin genes in rat spermato-genesis was carried out by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results show that the homology of the corresponding centrin proteins in human, mouse and rat is high. The expression of centrin-1 is testis-specific, spermatogenic cell-specific and developmental stage-related. Centrin-1 begins to be transcribed when the meiosis occurs, and its mRNA level reaches the peak in round spermatids. Centrin-2 and centrin-3 are highly expressed in spermatogonia and their mRNA level decreases markedly when meiosis occurs. These results suggest that centrin-1 may play roles in 相似文献
69.
70.
《Structure (London, England : 1993)》2020,28(6):674-689.e11
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