Preinoculation with VA mycorrhiza improves growth and yield of chilli transplanted in the field and saves phosphatic fertilizer

Summary Nursery beds were inoculated with four different VA mycorrhizal fungi,Glomus fasciculatus and three local isolates I₄, I₆ and I₁₄, and mycorrhizal seedlings were transplanted to field plots with two levels of phosphatic fertilizer. Of the fungi studied, isolate I₄ increased significantly growth, P and Zn nutrition, flowering, yield of chilli plants and also the ascorbic acid content of green chillies. Yield of I₄ inoculated plants given half the recommended level of P was slightly more than the uninoculated plants given the full level of phosphatic fertilizer. This suggests the possibility of extending the simple technology of inoculating nursery beds with mycorrhiza to farmers in order to improve plant growth and save phosphatic fertilizer.     

用CEV直接感染柑桔愈伤组织的接种方法的研究

根据ＣＥＶ机械传染及高温诱导发病的特性,用三种方法直接接种柑桔愈伤组织,结合形态学观察、增殖率比较和电泳检测,结果表明,带毒切伤浸泡是ＣＥＶ离体感染柑桔愈伤组织的有效方法。３０℃培养条件下,感染ＣＥＶ的愈伤组织大约在８ｄ后发生明显褐变,并会逐渐加深,同时,感染后的愈伤组织的质地也趋坚硬,且表现出特殊的病理生长特性,前期（０—２０ｄ）显著地较健康对照生长快,后期（２０—４０ｄ）则明显减缓甚至停止生长。     

关于调整竹林生态系统食物链的研究

关于调整竹林生态系统食物链的研究李昌荣,屠六邦,吴继林（南京林业大学,２１００３７）（福建省永安市大湖林业站,３６６０１５）王进荣,黄文培（江苏省溧水县秋湖林场,２１１２００）（四川省长宁万岭楠竹研究所,６４４３０４）ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＲｅｇｕｌａｔｉｎ...     

Identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to resistance against beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in Beta accessions

Molecular markers linked to resistance genes are useful to facilitate the introgression of one or more of these genes in breeding materials. Following the approach of bulked segregant analysis, RAPD markers linked to resistance genes against beet necrotic yellow vein virus were identified in the four Beta accessions Holly-1-4, R104, R128 and WB42. Two primers were found which generate RAPD markers tightly linked to resistance in segregating families of Holly-1-4, R104 and R128, indicating that the resistance genes in these accessions might be situated at the same locus. Other, specific, primers were identified which generate RAPD markers linked to resistance in each of these accessions. Short-range maps were established around the resistance locus in these accessions. For WB42, RAPD markers were only identified at a relatively large distance from the resistance gene. Conversion of three RAPD primers of Holly-1-4, R104 and R128 into STS primers resulted in STS markers which can be readily used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programmes. Received: 8 January 1996 / Accepted: 14 June 1996     

Infection of Promecotheca papuana with Synnematium jonesii

The fungus Synnematium jonesii was isolated from naturally infected adults of Promecotheca papuana and cultured in vitro. Caged beetles were successfully inoculated using an aqueous suspension of conidia and also a dust prepared from dried sclerotia. The implications of using this fungus for the control of P. papuana outbreaks is discussed.     

基于蛾翅翅脉特征的夜蛾昆虫数字化分类研究 （鳞翅目：夜蛾科）

本文以夜蛾昆虫为研究对象,利用蛾右前翅翅脉特征对7种夜蛾昆虫进行数字化分类研究。首先,利用软件tpsDig2提取蛾翅翅室周围翅脉交点作为标记点;再利用普世叠加方法消除非形状因素等信息,计算出每一个翅脉交点与初始交点的距离作为特征参数;最后,利用方差分析和逐步判别分析验证各项特征参数对7种夜蛾进行分类的可行性、有效性和重要性。研究结果表明,筛选出5项特征参数可以作为分类变量,其作用大小依次为:(Dis_(16)、Dis_(17))(Dis_(13)、Dis_(15))Dis_(12),原始判别和交叉判别结果的正确率分别为96.2%和96.2%。这说明蛾翅翅脉的特征参数可用于蛾类昆虫的数字化分类鉴定。     

衰老对AhR 及其血管生成相关因子表达的影响

目的:探讨芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,Ah R)在过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)衰老模型中表达的变化情况及其对血管生成相关因子表达的影响。方法:采用不同浓度的H_2O_2(100μM,200μM,300μM)处理HUVECs诱导内皮细胞衰老,通过β-半乳糖苷酶染色观察细胞衰老情况,Western blot检测HUVECs中Ah R蛋白以及血管生成相关因子低氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)蛋白表达,ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的变化。结果:与对照组相比,经过不同浓度H_2O_2处理后,HUVECs均出现细胞衰老表现,Ah R蛋白表达显著增加,HIF-1α以及VEGF蛋白表达明显减少,且均呈现出剂量依赖性,以300μM H_2O_2处理组最为显著。结论:在过氧化氢诱导衰老的人脐静脉内皮细胞中Ah R蛋白表达明显增加,HIF-1α和VEGF等促血管生成因子明显减少。     

洛伐他汀联用格列本脲可改善高糖诱导损伤的HUVEC 功能

目的:探讨洛伐他汀与格列本脲联合用药对高糖诱导损伤的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)的功能的影响及其机制。方法:以体外培养至第三代的HUVEC为研究对象,分四为:1空白对照组;2高糖组(33 mmol/L);3高糖组(33 mmol/L)+洛伐他汀(2μmol/L)组;4高糖组(33 mmol/L)+洛伐他汀(2μmol/L)+格列本脲(0.2μmol/L)组。用transwell小室法检测HUVEC的迁移功能,用细胞流式仪检测HUVEC内氧自由基(O~(2-))以及一氧化氮(NO)的表达水平。结果:与对照组相比,高糖组HUVEC迁移功能明显受损(P0.01);洛伐他汀单独用药组及其与格列本脲的联合用药组均能改善高糖损伤的HUVEC的迁移功能(均为P0.01)。流式结果显示,与对照组相比,高糖组HUVEC内O~(2-)水平明显增加而NO表达水平明显降低(均为P0.01);两组给药组HUVEC内O~(2-)水平及NO表达水平相对于高糖组均有明显改善(均为P0.01)。结论:洛伐他汀单独用药及其与格列本脲的联合用药均能改善高糖损伤的HUVEC的迁移功能,可能与改善细胞内氧化应激水平有关。     

Establishment and effectiveness of inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are promoted as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. So far, most researchers have investigated the effects of AMF on plant growth under highly controlled conditions with sterilized soil, soil substrates or soils with low available P or low inoculum potential. However, it is still poorly documented whether inoculated AMF can successfully establish in field soils with native AMF communities and enhance plant growth. We inoculated grassland microcosms planted with a grass–clover mixture (Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium pratense) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare. The microcosms were filled with eight different unsterilized field soils that varied greatly in soil type and chemical characteristics and indigenous AMF communities. We tested whether inoculation with AMF enhanced plant biomass and R. irregulare abundance using a species specific qPCR. Inoculation increased the abundance of R. irregulare in all soils, irrespective of soil P availability, the initial abundance of R. irregulare or the abundance of native AM fungal communities. AMF inoculation had no effect on the grass but significantly enhanced clover yield in five out of eight field soils. The results demonstrate that AMF inoculation can be successful, even when soil P availability is high and native AMF communities are abundant.