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51.
Rechargeable graphite dual‐ion batteries (GDIBs) have attracted the attention of electrochemists and material scientists in recent years due to their low cost and high‐performance metrics, such as high power density (≈3–175 kW kg?1), energy efficiency (≈80–90%), long cycling life, and high energy density (up to 200 Wh kg?1), suited for grid‐level stationary storage of electricity. The key feature of GDIBs is the exploitation of the reversible oxidation of the graphite network with concomitant and highly efficient intercalation/deintercalation of bulky anionic species between graphene layers. In this review, historical and current research aspects of GDIBs are discussed, along with key challenges in their development and practical deployment. Specific emphasis is given to the operational mechanism of GDIBs and to unbiased and correct reporting of theoretical cell‐level energy densities. 相似文献
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Inverted Tandem Polymer Solar Cells with Polyethylenimine‐Modified MoOX/Al2O3:ZnO Nanolaminate as the Charge Recombination Layers 下载免费PDF全文
Jae Won Shim Canek Fuentes‐Hernandez Yinhua Zhou Amir Dindar Talha M. Khan Anthony J. Giordano Hyeunseok Cheun Minseong Yun Seth R. Marder Bernard Kippelen 《Liver Transplantation》2014,4(10)
A new charge recombination layer for inverted tandem polymer solar cells is reported. A bilayer of MoOX/Al2O3:ZnO nanolaminate is shown to enable efficient charge recombination in inverted tandem cells. A polymer surface modification on the MoOX/Al2O3:ZnO nanolaminate bilayer increases the work function contrast between the two outward surfaces of the charge recombination layer, further improving the performance of tandem solar cells. An analysis of the electrical, optical, and surface properties of the charge recombination layer is presented. Inverted tandem polymer solar cells, with two photoactive layers comprising poly (3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):indene‐C60 bisadduct (IC60BA) for the bottom cell and poly[(4,8‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene)‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexanoyl)‐thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene))‐2,6‐diyl] (PBDTTT‐C):[6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) for the top cell, yield an open‐circuit voltage of 1481 mV ± 15 mV, a short‐circuit current density of 7.1 mA cm?2 ± 0.1 mA cm?2, and a fill factor of 0.62 ± 0.01, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 6.5% ± 0.1% under simulated AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm?2 illumination. 相似文献
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1,1,2,2‐Tetrachloroethane (TeCA) as a Solvent Additive for Organic Hole Transport Materials and Its Application in Highly Efficient Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells 下载免费PDF全文
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Synthesis of fluorescent and low cytotoxicity phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR)@Ag composites for cell imaging and antibacterial activity 下载免费PDF全文
Ping Yang Hao Dong Jun Xia Andong Xu Jianjun Shi Jie He Jianzhong Ding Dewei Li 《Luminescence》2015,30(8):1413-1417
Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded onto the surface of phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) NPs without any reducing agent. The as‐synthesized PFR@Ag composites have low cytotoxicity, which makes them promising antibacterial agents. Furthermore, the good fluorescence of PFR could be used for cell imaging. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了快速鉴别饲料中的狐狸、水貂、貉子和狗源性成分,根据线粒体16S r DNA种间保守序列,设计合成针对狐狸、水貂、貉子和狗的特异性引物和探针,通过对荧光PCR反应体系和反应条件的优化筛选,建立了多重实时荧光PCR方法,在同一PCR反应体系中可以同时完成4种动物源性成分检测。通过对15种其他物种的源性成分的检测,结果表明所设计的引物和探针具有很好的物种特异性,且灵敏度高,狐狸、水貂、貉子和狗的DNA检出限为0.01ng。对40份样品检测,其中5份检测出貉子、狐狸和水貂源性成分。结果表明,该方法可以有效地鉴别出饲料中狐狸、水貂、貉子和狗源性成分,同时适用于相关动物产品中。 相似文献
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Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach that requires manufacturers to finance the costs of recycling or safely disposing of products consumers no longer want. This article describes the evolution of EPR policies in the United States, focusing on the role of states as policy actors. For their part, federal lawmakers have not embraced EPR policies except to remove some barriers to state‐level initiatives. In the two‐decade period from 1991 to 2011, U.S. states enacted more than 70 EPR laws. In addition, manufacturers have implemented voluntary programs to collect and recycle products, but those efforts have proven largely ineffective in capturing significant quantities of waste products. With the help of new coalitions of diverse interest groups, recently states have renewed efforts to establish effective EPR programs, enacting 40 laws in the period 2008–2011. Several state initiatives suggest a more promising future for EPR. 相似文献
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