封管及穿刺部位使用抗生素预防锁骨下静脉导管相关感染

目的探讨预防锁骨下静脉导管相关感染的方法。方法将锁骨下静脉置管的51例患者随机分为对照组(25例)和实验组(26例)。对照组采用肝素封管;实验组采用肝素加头孢唑啉封管,穿刺点外涂莫匹罗星和氧氟沙星软膏。结果实验组无导管出口部位发生感染患者,对照组4例患者发生导管出口部位感染,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血行感染,实验组1例,对照组1例,差异无统计学意义。结论局部使用抗生素对锁骨下静脉导管出口部位有预防作用,对血行感染则可能无效。     

Antimicrobial and antifouling efficacy of urinary catheters impregnated with a combination of macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) is increasing worldwide. This study was designed to modify a biomaterial by impregnating a silicone urinary catheter with combination of a macrolide, azithromycin (AZM) and a fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin (CIP). Drug release profiles showed slow yet continuous release of antibiotics from catheters for one month. In vitro efficacy testing showed that group B catheters [3% (w v^?1) CIP + 6% (w v^?1) AZM] outperformed group A catheters [2% (w v^?1) CIP + 5% (w v^?1) AZM] by (1) showing larger zones of inhibition (>31 mm) compared to group A (<28 mm) for up to 30 days against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1; (2) killing adhered bacteria in 24 h compared to 24–48 h in group A; (3) showing longer antimicrobial durability for four weeks; and (4) exhibiting a stable real-time shelf life of one year, suggesting that these catheters can be explored in clinical settings, especially in long-term CAUTI.     

Modelling catheter–vein biomechanical interactions during an intravenous procedure

A reliable intravenous (IV) access into the upper extremity veins requires the insertion of a temporary short peripheral catheter (SPC). This so common procedure is, however, associated with a risk of developing short peripheral catheter thrombophlebitis (SPCT) which causes distress and potentially prolongs patient hospitalization. We have developed and studied a biomechanical SPC–vein computational model during an IV procedure, and explored the biomechanical effects of repeated IV episodes on onset and reoccurrences of SPCT. The model was used to determine the effects of different insertion techniques as well as inter-patient biological variability on the catheter–vein wall contact pressures and wall deformations. We found that the maximal pressure exerted upon the vein wall was inhomogeneously distributed, and that the bending region was exposed to significantly greater pressures and deformations. The maximal exerted contact pressure on the inner vein's wall was 2938 Pa. The maximal extent of the SPC penetration into the vein wall reached 3.6 μm, which corresponds to approximately 100% of the average height of the inner layer, suggesting local squashing of endothelial cells at the contact site. The modelling describes a potential biomechanical damage pathway that can explain the reoccurrence of SPCT.     

经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠对急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI治疗效果的影响

目的:探讨经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠对急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗效果的影响。方法:选取2013年5月～2018年5月期间我院收治的急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40,血栓抽吸术后行PCI治疗)和研究组(n=40,血栓抽吸术后,经导管注入替罗非班及硝普钠后再行PCI治疗),比较两组患者心电图ST段回落变化、心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级情况、心功能指标及不良心血管事件发生率。结果:研究组完全回落发生率高于对照组(P0.05);两组部分回落、无回落发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组PCI术后TIMI血流分级为3级的例数少于研究组(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05);左室射血分数(LVEF)升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。术后6个月内研究组不良心血管事件总发生率为7.50%(3/40),低于对照组的25.00%(10/40)(P0.05)。结论:急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经血栓抽吸导管应用替罗非班及硝普钠后行PCI,可提高心功能、心肌灌注状态及心电图ST段完全回落率,并减少不良心血管事件的发生率。     

AVF与TCC血管通路在慢性肾衰竭患者中的血液透析效果比较及对炎性因子、营养水平和肾功能的影响

摘要 目的：探析自体动静脉内瘘（AVF）、带隧道带涤纶套透析导管（TCC）在慢性肾衰竭（CRF）患者中的血液透析效果比较及对炎性因子、营养水平和肾功能的影响。方法：将2019年1月-2021年1月在安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院接受诊治的150例CRF患者纳入研讨,所有患者根据随机数字表法分为AVF组、TCC组两组,例数各为75例。观察两组血液透析效果并进行比较,对比两组炎性因子、营养水平和肾功能的变化情况,记录两组并发症发生情况。结果：AVF组透析6个月后尿素清除指数（KT/V）、尿素清除率（URR）高于TCC组（P<0.05）。AVF组透析6个月后白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）低于TCC组（P<0.05）。AVF组透析6个月后白蛋白（ALB）、前白蛋白（PAB）高于TCC组（P<0.05）。两组透析6个月后尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）较治疗前下降,且AVF组低于TCC组（P<0.05）。AVF组的并发症发生率低于TCC组（P<0.05）。结论：CRF患者采取AVF通路行血液透析治疗,临床效果较采取TCC通路更为显著,可有效改善患者肾功能,降低血液炎性因子水平,同时还可以降低并发症发生率,对机体营养状况的影响相对轻微,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

射频消融术治疗心动过速性心肌病的临床效果研究

目的:探讨射频消融术对心动过速性心肌病的临床治疗效果。方法:对2012年1月-2013年12月在我院就诊的34例心动过速性心肌病患者采用射频消融术进行治疗,通过心电图、X线和超声心动图检测治疗前后患者的心率(HR)、心胸比率、左心室舒张末径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末径(LVESD)和左室射血分数(LVEF),使用SF-36生活质量调查表对治疗前后患者的生活质量进行评分。结果:所有患者经射频消融术治疗后恢复窦性心律,1例复发,复发率为3.03%,患者的呼吸困难、心悸等临床症状明显缓解。治疗后6个月,患者的HR、心胸比率、LVEDD、LVESD和LVEF均较治疗前显著改善,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后1周,患者的生理机能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、一般健康(GH)、精力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)和精神健康(MH)评分均较治疗前显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:采用射频消融术治疗心动过速性心肌病的临床效果好,能显著提高患者的生活质量,并改善患者的心功能。     

Human cathelicidin peptide LL37 inhibits both attachment capability and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Aims: The aim of this work was to investigate the possible effect of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL37 on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a major causative agent of indwelling device‐related infections. Methods and Results: We performed initial attachment assay and biofilm formation solid surface assay in microtitre plates, as well as growth experiment in liquid medium using laboratory strain Staph. epidermidis ATCC35984. We found that already a low concentration of the peptide LL37 (1 mg l^?1) significantly decreased both the attachment of bacteria to the surface and also the biofilm mass. No growth inhibition was observed even at 16 mg l^?1 concentration of LL37, indicating a direct effect of the peptide on biofilm production. Conclusions: As biofilm protects bacteria during infections in humans and allows their survival in a hostile environment, inhibition of biofilm formation by LL37 may have a key role to prevent bacterial colonization on indwelling devices. Significance and Impact of the Study: Our findings suggest that this host defence factor can be a potential candidate in prevention and treatment strategies of Staph. epidermidis infections in humans.     

老年患者PICC导管相关性上肢深静脉血栓治疗的影响因素

目的：研究老年患者PICC相关上肢深静脉血栓的治疗效果及影响因素。方法：选择我院西院233例行PICC置管后发生上肢深静脉血栓的老年患者,将其分为再通组及未再通组,收集患者的一般资料、基础疾病史、置管相关信息、血栓相关数据、是否拔除导管以及是否抗栓治疗等数据,并对结果进行统计分析。结果：126例上肢深静脉血栓患者中再通组拔除导管和接受抗栓治疗的比例明显高于不通组;拔除导管和接受抗栓治疗的患者其血栓完全再通的比例高于对照组。发现血栓后拔除导管组以及接受抗栓治疗组,其累积不通率要明显低于对照组。结论：PICC导管相关上肢深静脉血栓治疗中,拔除导管和接受抗栓治疗者其效果更优;出现PICC管相关性血栓的时候,对于导管仍有用途,没有感染迹象的老年患者,主张保留置管。     

克仑特罗对绵羊肝脏血液中IGF-Ⅰ、GH和胰岛素水平的影响

克仑特罗 (ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ ,ＣＬ)为一种 β -肾上腺素能受体激动剂。自 80年代初发现 β -受体激动剂可促进机体生长并改变机体胴体组成以来 ,许多研究均显示 β -激动剂具促进脂肪动员、减少体脂沉积、增加氮素贮存和促进蛋白质合成等作用 ,进而调节机体的生长发育 ,因而 β -激动剂又被称为“营养分重分配剂” (Ｙａｎｇ＆ＭｃＥｌｌｉｇｏｔｔ ,1989;Ｃａｒｄｏｓｏ＆Ｓｔｏｃｋ ,1996;Ｓｍｉｔｈ ,1998)。然而机体内代谢水平在很大程度上受内分泌的调控。在对影响机体生长发育的内分泌研究中 ,越来越多的证据表明胰岛素样生长…