仙灵骨葆胶囊联合改良髓芯减压人工骨植入术对股骨头坏死患者血液流变学和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨仙灵骨葆胶囊联合改良髓芯减压人工骨植入术治疗股骨头坏死的疗效及对血液流变学和生活质量的影响。方法：选取2015年3月~2018年12月期间我院收治的股骨头坏死患者60例,上述患者根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=30）和研究组（n=30）,对照组患者予以改良髓芯减压人工骨植入术治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗,对两组患者疗效、血液流变学、生活质量、髋关节功能及并发症情况进行比较。结果：研究组治疗后12个月的临床总有效率93.33%（28/30）高于对照组70.00%（21/30）（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后Harris髋关节功能评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后12个月生活质量测定量表(SF-36)各维度评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后12个月全血黏度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原均降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论：仙灵骨葆胶囊联合改良髓芯减压人工骨植入术治疗股骨头坏死,疗效显著,可有效改善患者髋关节功能、血液流变学及提高生活质量,且安全性较好。     

降脂通脉胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗冠心病合并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨降脂通脉胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗冠心病合并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床疗效。方法：选取2018年2月~2019年10月期间我院收治的冠心病合并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者80例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=40）和研究组（n=40）,对照组患者予以瑞舒伐他汀治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上予以降脂通脉胶囊治疗,比较两组患者疗效、血脂、心功能、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、颈动脉斑块积分及不良反应。结果：研究组治疗6个月后的临床总有效率为90.00%（36/40）,高于对照组的70.00%（28/40）（P<0.05）。两组治疗6个月后心排血量（CO）、射血分数（LVEF）均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）;左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗6个月后总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗6个月后IMT、颈动脉斑块积分均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显不良反应发生。结论：降脂通脉胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗冠心病合并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,疗效显著,可有效改善患者血脂、心功能及颈动脉斑块病变,且安全可靠。     

HPLC法测定复方止咳清肺胶囊中有效成分含量的研究

首次采用高效液相色谱法对中药复方止咳清肺胶囊中的有效成分—芥子碱硫氰酸盐进行了含量测定研究,由此建立了该复方的HPLC法质量分析方法。     

蛇伤胶囊治疗黄蜂蜇伤临床疗效观察

目的观察蛇伤胶囊治疗黄蜂蜇伤的临床疗效。方法将321例黄蜂蜇伤患者随机分为两组,对照组158例采用局部处理、抗感染、注射破伤风抗毒素、应用糖皮质激素、保护胃黏膜、改善细胞代谢及对症处理等治疗;治疗组163例在对照组治疗的基础上加用蛇伤胶囊治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、后的中医证候积分,并进行临床疗效评价。结果治疗前两组患者的中医证候积分无显著差异（P〉0．05）,治疗后两组患者中医证候积分差值比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;两组的临床疗效比较差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论蛇伤胶囊可以改善黄蜂蜇伤患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效。     

宫血宁治疗宫内节育器后异常出血的疗效观察

目的：探讨宫血宁胶囊用于治疗宫内放置节育器后异常子宫出血的临床疗效。方法：350例宫内置器后异常出血患者随机分为观察组（175例）与对照组（175例）,其中观察组给予宫血宁胶囊治疗,对照组给予抗菌止血常规西药治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后月经异常变化情况及治疗效果。结果：①观察组治愈率、总有效率分别为56.00%和92.57%,对照组治愈率、总有效率为25.71%和75.43%,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。②经过治疗,观察组与对照组患者月经异常症状均得到明显缓解,与治疗前比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,其中观察组患者经量增多、经期延长和经间点滴出血等症状例数分别减少至9例、7例和1例,对照组减少至34例、30例和15例,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。③经过治疗,观察组患者平均月经持续时间从11.74±4.69d减少至6.92±2.34d,对照组从12.11±5.25d减少至9.28±3.14d,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：宫血宁胶囊可有效治疗因宫内放置节育器所引起的子宫异常出血,且疗效优于抗菌止血西药治疗,值得进一步推广。     

Opium poppy capsule growth and alkaloid production is constrained by shade during early floral development

Morphinan alkaloids accumulate in the capsules of Papaver somniferum L. (opium poppy) most likely as defence against herbivory. Thus, capsule size is an important component of alkaloid yield. Shade during early cell division-dominated growth of reproductive structures generally reduces final fruit size more than shade during later cell expansion-dominated growth. The current study aimed to determine whether this response is found in opium poppy and the subsequent impact on alkaloid yield, composition and seed production. First the timing of key reproductive developmental events was resolved relative to macromorphological traits. Plants were then shaded during either (a) floral initiation, (b) early floral development or (c) capsule expansion before being harvested at maturation. Shade during floral initiation dramatically reduced final capsule size, alkaloid yield and seed number, and increased the concentration of precursor compounds relative to morphine, despite plants later returning to full sun. Shade during later capsule growth enhanced capsule size and alkaloid yield but had little effect on alkaloid composition or seed number. Thus, early developmental processes, including morphine biosynthesis, appear to have a relatively greater demand for carbohydrates compared with later processes. Crop management practices and environmental factors that limit carbohydrate availability during early development are thus predicted to have significant negative impacts on alkaloid production and reproductive success.     

The epigenetic modifier trichostatin A,a histone deacetylase inhibitor,suppresses proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells

Proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelium cells (LECs) may contribute to anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), which are important causes of visual impairment. Histone deacetylases (HDACs)-mediated epigenetic mechanism has a central role in controlling cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cells and the pathogenesis of some diseases. However, whether HDACs are involved in the regulation of proliferation and EMT in LECs remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the expression profile of HDAC family (18 genes) and found that class I and II HDACs were upregulated in transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2)-induced EMT in human LEC lines SRA01/04 and HLEB3. Tricostatin A (TSA), a class I and II HDAC inhibitor, suppressed the proliferation of LECs by G1 phase cell cycle arrest not only through inhibition of cyclin/CDK complexes and induction of p21 and p27, but also inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways. Meanwhile, TSA strongly prevented TGFβ2-induced upregulation of fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type IV, N-cadherin, Snail and Slug. We also demonstrated that the underlying mechanism of TSA affects EMT in LECs through inhibiting the canonical TGFβ/Smad2 and the Jagged/Notch signaling pathways. Finally, we found that TSA completely prevented TGFβ2-induced ASC in the whole lens culture semi-in vivo model. Therefore, this study may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of ASC and PCO, and suggests that epigenetic treatment with HDAC inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of ASC, PCO and other fibrotic diseases.     

Deciphering the role of the capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae during pathogenesis: A cautionary tale

Extracellular capsule polysaccharides increase the cellular fitness under abiotic stresses and during competition with other bacteria. They are best-known for their role in virulence, particularly in human hosts. Specifically, capsules facilitate tissue invasion by enhancing bacterial evasion from phagocytosis and protect cells from biocidal molecules. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a worrisome nosocomial pathogen with few known virulence factors, but the most important one is its capsule. In this issue, Tan et al. assess the fitness advantage of the capsule by competing a wild-type strain against four different mutants where capsule production is interrupted at different stages of the biosynthetic pathway. Strikingly, not all mutants provide a fitness advantage. They suggest that some mutants have secondary defects altering virulence-associated phenotypes and blurring the role of the capsule in pathogenesis. This study indicates that the K1 capsule in K. pneumoniae is not required for gut colonization but that it is critical for bloodstream dissemination to other organs. These results contribute to clarify the contradictory literature on the role of the Klebsiella capsule during infection. Finally, the varying fitness effects of different capsule mutations observed for K. pneumoniae K1 might apply also to other capsulated diderm bacteria that are facultative or emerging pathogens.     

绿豆象幼虫虫龄的划分及末龄幼虫头部形态和感器观察

【目的】明确绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis幼虫的龄期,了解其末龄幼虫头部感受器的种类、形态和分布。【方法】测量绿豆象幼虫体长、头壳宽和上颚宽,根据所得数据的频次分布图、关系拟合结果和戴氏法则确定绿豆象最佳分龄指标,明确幼虫虫龄数,并利用Crosby生长法则和线性回归的方法进行验证;采用扫描电镜对末龄幼虫头部形态及感受器进行观察。【结果】绿豆象体长、头壳宽和上颚宽的频次分布均呈显著的4个峰,因此推断绿豆象幼虫为4个虫龄。各龄的体长变幅分别为1.581～2.556, 2.406～3.381, 3.381～4.281和4.206～4.881 mm,头壳宽度变幅分别为0.444～0.689, 0.654～0.934, 0.934～1.179和1.144～1.389 mm,上颚宽变幅分别为0.080～0.256, 0.234～0.344, 0.322～0.542和0.542～0.652 mm。体长、头壳宽和上颚宽均符合戴氏法则和Crosby生长法则,并呈现明显的线性关系,因此体长、头壳宽和上颚宽可作为绿豆象幼虫龄期划分的重要指标。头壳宽的Crosby指数均小于体长和上颚宽的Crosby指数,且头壳宽与体长测量值的对数值与幼虫龄期的相关系数要优于上颚宽测量值的对数值与幼虫龄期的相关系数,因此可将头壳宽作为最佳分龄指标。绿豆象末龄幼虫头部感器共有锥形感器、毛形感器、瓶形感器、刺形感器、板形感器、栓锥形感器和坛形感器7种感器,主要分布于触角、下颚须、上唇和上颚。【结论】绿豆象幼虫分龄形态指标和头部形态观察为研究其行为活动及综合防治提供理论基础。