糖蜜发酵生产丙酮丁醇的研究

分离选育出４株丙酮丁醇发酵菌种,分别编号为：ＣＬＳ．００１,００２,００３,００４,都属厌氧核状芽孢杆菌,它们可利用糖蜜发酵产生丙酮和丁醇。经正交试验,选出最佳发酵条件。分离株ＣＬＳ．００４在糖蜜浓度１０￣１５ＢＸ、３５￣３８℃、ｐＨ６．８￣７．２条件下,发酵总溶剂的生成率和糖利用率分别可达到３０％和８５％以上。     

利用蔗渣半纤维素水解液产油酵母的筛选、鉴定及发酵实验

对已分离到的产油酵母通过木糖摇瓶发酵,从中筛选到2株H2-1和J2-2利用蔗渣半纤维素水解液高产油脂酵母,其利用蔗渣半纤维素水解液油脂得率系数分别为13.49和10.28,均显示出对蔗渣半纤维素水解液的高转化率.根据常规生理生化特征和26S rDNA序列分析结果,确认H2-1为小红酵母(Rhodotorula minuta),J2-2为粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis).     

酸奶菌群发酵糖蜜产复合有机酸化剂的研究

【背景】开发安全、有效、稳定、适口性好、对环境无危害的无抗饲料添加剂是我国畜牧业的重中之重,酸化剂作为功能性饲料添加剂在众多替抗产品中有较大的优势。【目的】通过酸奶菌群发酵甜菜糖蜜制备低成本乳酸型复合液态酸化剂。【方法】以11种不同的新疆农牧民传统发酵酸奶菌群为出发菌,经MRS培养基富集乳酸菌群,选择产酸量高的菌群进行甜菜糖蜜发酵试验,并对菌群发酵时间、发酵条件、糖蜜浓度、氮源及中和剂进行优化。【结果】在糖蜜浓度为100 g/L、培养基未灭菌且37℃静置发酵48 h时,B2菌群发酵乳酸产量为34.52 g/L,总酸为83.42 g/L,加入中和剂Na₂CO₃后其乳酸产量达73.42 g/L,总酸达到169.37 g/L;B5菌群发酵乳酸产量可达61.12 g/L,总酸可达112.50 g/L,加入中和剂Ca（OH）₂后其乳酸产量达74.37 g/L,总酸为137.26 g/L。B2菌群发酵原液对沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及产气荚膜杆菌均有较强的抑制作用;B5菌群发酵原液则对产气荚膜杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O...     

Biosynthesis of invertase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with sugarcane molasses as substrate

Biosynthesis of invertase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 01K32 was inversely proportional to the concentration of sugarcane blackstrap molasses included in the medium. In a fermenter, an intracellular invertase activity of 440 U/g dry cells was obtained.     

Infection and Colonization of Sugar Cane and Other Graminaceous Plants by Endophytic Diazotrophs

Agriculturally important grasses such as sugar cane (Saccharum sp.), rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum) sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), maize (Zea mays), Panicum maximum, Brachiaria spp., and Pennisetum purpureum contain numerous diazotrophic bacteria, such as, Acetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum spp., Azospirillum spp. These bacteria do not usually cause disease symptoms in the plants with which they are associated and the more numerous of them, for example, Herbaspirillum spp. and A. diazotrophicus, are obligate or facultative endo-phytes that do not survive well (or at all) in native soil; these are thought to be spread from plant generation to plant generation via seeds, vegetative propagation, dead plant material, and possibly by insect sap feeders. By contrast, Azospirillum spp. are not wholly endophytic but are root-associated, soil-dwelling bacteria that are also often found within plants, probably entering host plants via seeds or via wounds/cracks at lateral root junctions. Endophytic diazotrophs have been isolated from a number of grasses in which significant biological N₂ fixation (BNF) has been demonstrated, particularly Brazilian sugar cane varieties, but also in rice, maize, and sorghum. However, although the endophytic diazotrophs are held to be the causative agents of the observed BNF, direct evidence for this is lacking. Therefore, in this review we examine probable sites of bacterial multiplication and/or BNF within endophyte-containing grasses and discuss these in terms of potential benefits (or not) to both host plants and bacteria. In particular, we examine how potentially large numbers of bacteria, especially Herbaspirillum spp., A. diazotrophicus, and Azospirillum spp., can exist extracellularly within non-specialized (for symbiotic purposes) regions such as xylem vessels and intercellular spaces. The processes of infection and colonization of various grasses (particularly sugar cane) by diazotrophic endophytes are also described, and these are compared with those of important (nondiazotrophic) endophytic sugar cane pathogens such as Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli and Xanthomonas albilineans.     

The effect of phenolic acids and molasses spent wash concentration on distillery wastewater remediation by fungi

The effect of gallic acid, vanillic acid, and molasses spent wash (MSW) concentration on growth and decolourizing capability of four fungi (Geotrichum candidum, Coriolus versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Mycelia sterilia) was studied. Fungal growth was inhibited to a varying extent in the presence of gallic and vanillic acid, except for G. candidum, which was unaffected by gallic acid. G. candidum and P. chrysosporium growth rates increased in the presence of increasing concentrations of MSW (up to 50% v/v), however, growth of M. sterilia and C. versicolor was inhibited at spent wash concentrations above 5% (v/v). Increasing the concentration of MSW from 6·25% (v/v) to 12·5% (v/v) increased the decolourizing ability of each fungus, except for M. sterilia. C. versicolor exhibited greatest colour removal with a reduction of 0·43 units at A₄₇₅ (equivalent to 53% colour reduction) after 10 days growth in 12·5% (v/v) MSW.     

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated sugar cane leaves to ethanol

The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of pretreated sugar cane leaves to produce ethanol using a cellulolytic enzyme complex from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL-Y-132 was optimized. Enzymic saccharification parameters were evaluated prior to SSF studies. A 92% conversion of 2·5% substrate (alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated) to sugars was achieved at 50°C and pH 4·5, using T. reesei cellulase (40 FPU/g substrate), in 48 h. The pretreated substrate was then subjected to an SSF process using the cellulase complex and S. cerevisiae cells. Optimization of the SSF system is described.     

Pretreatment of beet molasses to increase pullulan production

Pretreatment of beet molasses with cation exchange resin, sulphuric acid, tricalcium phosphate, potassium ferrocyanide, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and disodium salt (EDTA) to increase the production of pullulan was investigated. Among the above techniques used for the removal of heavy metals, sulphuric acid treatment gave better results regarding polysaccharide concentration, polysaccharide yield, and sugar utilization. Aureobasidium pullulans grown on beet molasses produced a mixture of pullulan and other polysaccharides. The pullulan content of the crude polysaccharide was 30–35%. The addition of nutrients improved the production of polysaccharide. A maximum polysaccharide concentration (32·0±1·0 g litre⁻¹) was achieved in molasses solution (70 g litre ¹ initial sugar concentration, pH 6·5–7·5) treated with sulphuric acid and supplemented with K₂HPO₄ 0·5%, -glutamic acid 1%, olive oil 2·5% and Tween 80 0·5%. In this case, the highest values of biomass dry weight (33·8±1·0 g litre⁻¹), polysaccharide yield (63·5±2·5%), and sugar utilization (97·5±1·5%) were obtained at pH 6·5, 3·5, and 4·5–7·5, respectively.     

Batch fermentation kinetics of sugar beet molasses by Zymomonas mobilis

A new osmotolerant mutant strain of Zymomonas mobilis was successfully used for ethanol production from beet molasses. Addition of magnesium sulfate to hydrolyzed molasses allowed repeated growth without the need of yeast extract addition. The kinetics and yields parameters of fermentation on media with different molasses concentrations were calculated. The anabolic parameters (specific growth rate, mu, and biomass yield, Y(X/S)) were inhibited at elevated molasses concentrations while the catabolic parameters (specific ethanol productivity, q(p), and ethanol yield, Y(p/s)) were not significantly affected. In addition to ethanol and substrate inhibition, osmotic pressure effects can explain the observed results.     

Immobilized α-d-galactosidase in the sugar beet industry

Mycelia containing α-galactosidase have been used commercially for about ten years to hydrolyse raffinose in beet sugar molasses to aid in the production of sugar. The development of α-galactosidase-producing strains of three genera of fungi, the production of the enzyme and its use in beet sugar manufacture are reviewed. The treatment of mycelial pellets containing the α-galactosidase with glutaraldehyde and the consequent stabilization of the activity are described.