表油菜素内酯对绿豆上胚轴核酸代谢的影响

0.5～5 ppm放线菌素D和0.01～0.1ppm亚胺环己酮均能抑制epiBR促进的绿豆上胚轴的生长。DNA、RNA含量测定表明epi—BR处理促进了它们的含量增加。绿豆上胚轴经 epiBR处理48h后,可增强其RNA聚合酶活性(以~H—UTP掺入RNA的DPM计算);DNA和RNA水解酶的活性随着epiBR处理时间的延长而逐渐降低;TIBA则抑制epiBR的上述作用。     

Inhibition of serine and proline racemases by substrate-product analogues

d-Amino acids can play important roles as specific biosynthetic building blocks required by organisms or act as regulatory molecules. Consequently, amino acid racemases that catalyze the formation of d-amino acids are potential therapeutic targets. Serine racemase catalyzes the reversible formation of d-serine (a modulator of neurotransmission) from l-serine, while proline racemase (an essential enzymatic and mitogenic protein in trypanosomes) catalyzes the reversible conversion of l-proline to d-proline. We show the substrate-product analogue α-(hydroxymethyl)serine is a modest, linear mixed-type inhibitor of serine racemase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (K_i = 167 ± 21 mM, K_i′ = 661 ± 81 mM, cf. K_m = 19 ± 2 mM). The bicyclic substrate-product analogue of proline, 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-ium-1-carboxylate is a weak inhibitor of proline racemase from Clostridium sticklandii, giving only 29% inhibition at 142.5 mM. However, the more flexible bicyclic substrate-product analogue tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-7a(5H)-carboxylate is a noncompetitive inhibitor of proline racemase from C. sticklandii (K_i = 111 ± 15 mM, cf. K_m = 5.7 ± 0.5 mM). These results suggest that substrate-product analogue inhibitors of racemases may only be effective when the active site is capacious and/or plastic, or when the inhibitor is sufficiently flexible.     

Ribose-modified Mizoribine Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation

Synthesis, conformational analysis and antitumor evaluation of 2′- and 3′-C-methyl analogues of mizoribine (bredinine, 4-carbamoyl-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-5-olate) are reported.     

Potent dialkyl substrate-product analogue inhibitors and inactivators of α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by rational design

Rational approaches for the design of enzyme inhibitors furnish powerful strategies for developing pharmaceutical agents and tools for probing biological mechanisms. A new strategy for the development of gem-disubstituted substrate-product analogues as inhibitors of racemases and epimerases is elaborated using α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtMCR) as a model enzyme. MtMCR catalyzes the epimerization at C2 of acyl-CoA substrates, a key step in the metabolism of branched-chain fatty acids. Moreover, the human enzyme is a potential target for the development of therapeutic agents directed against prostate cancer. We show that rationally designed, N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl-CoA substrate-product analogues inactivate MtMCR. Binding greatly exceeds that of the substrate, (S)-ibuprofenoyl-CoA, up to ∼250-fold and is proportional to the alkyl chain length (4–12 carbons) with the N,N-didecyl and N,N-didodecyl species having competitive inhibition constants with values of 1.9 ± 0.2 μM and 0.42 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. The presence of two decyl chains enhanced binding over a single decyl chain by ∼204-fold. Overall, the results reveal that gem-disubstituted substrate-product analogues can yield extremely potent inhibitors of an epimerase with a capacious active site.     

Halo lipids. V. Synthesis,nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and cytostatic properties of halo analogues of alkyllysophospholipids

A series of fluorine- and chlorine-containing analogues of alkyllysophospholipids has been synthesised as potential antimetabolites of phospholipids. These compounds include various structural isomers of racemic long-chain alkyldeoxyhaloglycerophosphocholines and N,N-dimethylethanolamines, alkyldeoxyhaloglycerophosphoric acids, and alkyl esters. ¹H- and ¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data are presented and analysed. Alkyldeoxyhaloglycerophosphocholines were found to exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vitro.     

Telomere Shortening in Human HL60 Cells by Treatment with 3′-Azido-2′,3′-Dideoxynucleosides and Telomerase Inhibition by Their 5′-Triphosphates

Telomerase is thought to play an important role in the mechanism of tumor cell immortalization by maintenance of telomere length. To obtain information on the susceptibility of telomerase to nucleoside analogues, the effects of base-modified 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside triphosphates on the enzyme were investigated. It is suggested that the 2-amino group of the nucleotide purine nucleus is important for the inhibitory activity. Telomere shortening caused by long-term treatment with these nucleosides is also described.     

The template properties of tetranucleoside triphosphoramidates having cytosine-guanosine residues

Summary The tetranucleoside triphosphoramidates C_NHpG_NHpC_NHpG_{N 3} and G_NHpC_NHpG_NHpC_{N 3} do not affect the rate of condensation between dinucleoside phosphoramidates pC_NHpG_{N 3} and C_NHpG_{NH 2} in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide. This result contrasts with the previously reported efficient template-directed oligomerization of the corresponding GC dimers on the phosphoramidate-linked tetramer of sequence GCGC. These findings are discussed in terms of the relative stability of helices formed by the template itself and by the template with complementary dimers.     

新合成黄腐酚类似物联合顺铂对宫颈癌细胞化疗增敏作用的研究

摘要 目的：探讨新合成黄腐酚类似物联合顺铂对宫颈癌Hela细胞化疗敏感性的影响及其机制。方法：以不同浓度（5、7.5、15、20 μmol/L）黄腐酚类似物处理宫颈癌Hela细胞和正常MRC-5细胞48 h后,MTT实验检测细胞增殖活力并计算出黄腐酚类似物对2种细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀);采用MTT实验进一步观察IC₅₀最低的黄腐酚类似物联合顺铂对Hela和MRC-5细胞增殖活力的影响,采用流式细胞仪检测Hela细胞周期和凋亡情况,Western blot法检测Hela细胞中凋亡相关蛋白表达变化。结果：黄腐酚类似物a8、a13、b11和b12对宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖均有一定的抑制作用,且a13的IC₅₀值最小;另外,这4种浓度的黄腐酚类似物对正常MRC-5细胞有轻微的抑制作用,且a13的IC50值最大。与对照组比较,顺铂组、a13组、顺铂+a13组中正常MRC-5细胞存活率差异均无统计学意义（P<0.05）,但顺铂组、a13组和顺铂+a13组中宫颈癌Hela细胞存活率、G2/M期细胞百分比和B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因（Bcl-2）蛋白表达水平均明显降低,而G0/G1期细胞百分比、细胞凋亡率和细胞中细胞色素C（Cyt-c）、Bcl-2关联X蛋白（Bax）、活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3（Cleaved Caspase-3）、活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶9（Cleaved Caspase-9）蛋白表达水平均明显升高,且顺铂+a13组中上述指标变化幅度明显大于顺铂组、a13组（P<0.05）。结论：黄腐酚类似物与顺铂联合可协同抑制宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖,表现良好的化疗增敏效果,其作用机制可能与阻滞细胞周期进程和调控凋亡相关蛋白表达促进细胞凋亡有关。     

Kinetic and in silico analysis of the slow-binding inhibition of human poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) by novel nucleoside analogues

Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) is a 3′-exoribonuclease that efficiently degrades poly(A) tails and regulates, in part, mRNA turnover rates. We have previously reported that adenosine- and cytosine-based glucopyranosyl nucleoside analogues with adequate tumour-inhibitory effect could effectively inhibit PARN. In the present study we dissect the mechanism of a more drastic inhibition of PARN by novel glucopyranosyl analogues bearing uracil, 5-fluorouracil or thymine as the base moiety. Kinetic analysis showed that three of the compounds are competitive inhibitors of PARN with K_i values in the low μM concentration and significantly lower (11- to 33-fold) compared to our previous studies. Detailed kinetic analysis of the most effective inhibitor, the uracil-based nucleoside analogue (named U1), revealed slow-binding behaviour. Subsequent molecular docking experiments showed that all the compounds which inhibited PARN can efficiently bind into the active site of the enzyme through specific interactions. The present study dissects the inhibitory mechanism of this novel uracil-based compound, which prolongs its inhibitory effect through a slow-binding and slow-release mode at the active site of PARN, thus contributing to a more efficient inhibition. Such analogues could be used as leading compounds for further rationale design and synthesis of efficient and specific therapeutic agents. Moreover, our data reinforce the notion that human PARN can be established as a novel molecular target of potential anti-cancer agents through lowering mRNA turnover rates.