甲状腺乳头状癌组织YAP、SATB1、ROR2与临床病理特征和复发的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨甲状腺乳头状癌组织Yes相关蛋白（YAP）、核基质结合区结合蛋白1（SATB1）、受体酪氨酸激酶样孤儿素受体2（ROR2）与临床病理特征和复发的关系。方法：选择2019年6月至2021年6月广东省中医院收治的198例行手术治疗的甲状腺乳头状癌患者,取手术切除的癌组织和癌旁组织,免疫组化法检测YAP、SATB1、ROR2蛋白表达情况。术后随访2年,统计复发情况,根据复发情况将患者分为复发组和未复发组。比较甲状腺乳头状癌患者不同临床病理特征之间YAP、SATB1、ROR2蛋白表达差异,多因素Cox回归分析影响甲状腺乳头状癌术后复发的因素。结果：癌组织中YAP、SATB1、ROR2阳性表达率高于癌旁组织（P＜0.05）。低度分化、TNM分期Ⅲ期、淋巴结转移患者癌组织中YAP、SATB1、ROR2阳性表达率高于中高度分化、TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移患者（P＜0.05）。198例患者随访2年失访1例,复发21例,复发率为10.66%。复发组癌组织中YAP、SATB1、ROR2阳性表达率高于未复发组癌组织（P＜0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析显示低分化、TNM分期Ⅲ期、未淋巴结清扫、YAP阳性表达、SATB1阳性表达、ROR2阳性表达比是甲状腺乳头状癌术后复发的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：甲状腺乳头状癌组织中YAP、SATB1、ROR2阳性表达率显著增高,YAP、SATB1、ROR2阳性表达与低分化、淋巴结转移、晚TNM分期以及术后复发有关。     

甲状腺乳头状癌组织微小RNA-93-5p、微小RNA-98-5p表达与临床病理特征和增殖、侵袭基因表达的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）组织微小核糖核酸-93-5p（miR-93-5p）、微小RNA-98-5p（miR-98-5p）表达与临床病理特征和增殖、侵袭基因表达的关系。方法：选取2020年10月到2023年10月在广东省中医院行手术切除的PTC患者153例作为研究对象,收集术中切除的癌组织以及癌旁组织。检测并比较癌组织与癌旁组织miR-93-5p、miR-98-5p及增殖基因、侵袭基因mRNA表达水平,分析miR-93-5p及miR-98-5p表达与PTC患者临床病理特征的关系。利用Pearson法分析miR-93-5p、miR-98-5p表达水平与增殖基因、侵袭基因mRNA表达的相关性。结果：癌组织的miR-93-5p表达水平较癌旁组织更高,miR-98-5p表达水平较癌旁组织更低（P<0.05）。miR-93-5p高表达PTC患者TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移及低分化的比例较miR-93-5p低表达PTC患者更高（P<0.05）。miR-98-5p低表达PTC患者TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移及低分化的比例较miR-98-5p高表达PTC患者更高（P<0.05）。癌组织的增殖基因程序性细胞死亡因子4（PDCD4）及蛋白磷酸酶4调节亚基 （PP4R1）水平较癌旁组织更低（P<0.05）,侵袭基因金属蛋白酶解离素9（ADAM9）及Bcl-6共抑制因子样蛋白（BCORL1）水平较癌旁组织更高（P<0.05）。Pearson法分析结果显示,miR-93-5p表达与增殖基因PDCD4及PP4R1表达水平呈负相关,与侵袭基因ADAM9及BCORL1表达水平呈正相关。miR-98-5p表达水平与增殖基因PDCD4及PP4R1水平呈正相关,与侵袭基因ADAM9及BCORL1表达水平呈负相关。结论：PTC患者癌组织miR-93-5p表达升高,miR-98-5p表达降低,与TNM分期、淋巴结转移及分化程度等临床病理特征有关,还可促进PTC癌细胞增殖、侵袭。     

Regulation of Na/K/Cl cotransport in vascular smooth muscle cells

The regulation of Na/K/Cl cotransport was investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells. That a Na/K/Cl cotransport system exists was established by the finding that the ouabain insensitive K influx was sensitive to the "loop" diuretic bumetanide. Furthermore, bumetanide sensitive K influx was dependent upon the presence of both Na and Cl in the extracellular milieu. Bumetanide sensitive K influx was inhibited by agents which elevate cellular cyclic AMP levels, and to a lesser extent by agents which elevate cellular cyclic GMP levels. When serum, EGF or TPA was added, bumetanide sensitive K influx was enhanced. These results suggest that vascular smooth muscle cells have a ouabain insensitive, bumetanide sensitive Na/K/Cl cotransport system which is stimulated by serum, EGF or TPA and inhibited by cAMP or cGMP.     

Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of Autophagy-Associated Gene Homologues in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process for recycling macromolecules and organelles. It plays important roles in plant development and in response to nutritional demand, stress, and senescence. Organisms from yeast to plants contain many autophagy-associated genes (ATG). In this study, we found that a total of 33 ATG homologues exist in the rice [Oryza sativa L. (Os)] genome, which were classified into 13 ATG subfamilies. Six of them are alternatively spliced genes. Evolutional analysis showed that expansion of 10 OsATG homologues occurred via segmental duplication events and that the occurrence of these OsATG homologues within each subfamily was asynchronous. The Ka/Ks ratios suggested purifying selection for four duplicated OsATG homologues and positive selection for two. Calculating the dates of the duplication events indicated that all duplication events might have occurred after the origin of the grasses, from 21.43 to 66.77 million years ago. Semi-quantitative RT–PCR analysis and mining the digital expression database of rice showed that all 33 OsATG homologues could be detected in at least one cell type of the various tissues under normal or stress growth conditions, but their expression was tightly regulated. The 10 duplicated genes showed expression divergence. The expression of most OsATG homologues was regulated by at least one treatment, including hormones, abiotic and biotic stresses, and nutrient limitation. The identification of OsATG homologues showing constitutive expression or responses to environmental stimuli provides new insights for in-depth characterization of selected genes of importance in rice.     

A “Love” Dart Allohormone Identified in the Mucous Glands of Hermaphroditic Land Snails

Animals have evolved many ways to enhance their own reproductive success. One bizarre sexual ritual is the “love” dart shooting of helicid snails, which has courted many theories regarding its precise function. Acting as a hypodermic needle, the dart transfers an allohormone that increases paternity success. Its precise physiological mechanism of action within the recipient snail is to close off the entrance to the sperm digestion organ via a contraction of the copulatory canal, thereby delaying the digestion of most donated sperm. In this study, we used the common garden snail Cornu aspersum to identify the allohormone that is responsible for this physiological change in the female system of this simultaneous hermaphrodite. The love dart allohormone (LDA) was isolated from extracts derived from mucous glands that coat the dart before it is stabbed through the partner''s body wall. We isolated LDA from extracts using bioassay-guided contractility measurement of the copulatory canal. LDA is encoded within a 235-amino acid precursor protein containing multiple cleavage sites that, when cleaved, releases multiple bioactive peptides. Synthetic LDA also stimulated copulatory canal contractility. Combined with our finding that the protein amino acid sequence resembles previously described molluscan buccalin precursors, this indicates that LDA is partially conserved in helicid snails and less in other molluscan species. In summary, our study provides the full identification of an allohormone that is hypodermically injected via a love dart. More importantly, our findings have important consequences for understanding reproductive biology and the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies.     

Effect of calf removal on serum luteinizing hormone and cortisol concentrations in postpartum beef cows

Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and cortisol concentrations were measured in ten fall calving, Angus cows averaging 38 +/- 8 days postpartum. Calves from five cows were weaned at the beginning of the study. Blood samples were collected at 20 min. intervals for 48 h after weaning and for 8 h on day 4 and day 6 postweaning. Mean serum LH concentrations increased (P<0.01) in weaned cows (W) from 0.55 +/- 0.01 ng/ml at time of calf removal to 1.3 +/- 0.04 ng/ml 48 h afterwards. Comparable LH concentrations for suckled cows (S) were 0.65 +/- 0.08 ng/ml and 0.62 +/- 0.03 ng/ml respectively. Average serum LH concentrations at 48 h after weaning were greater (P<0.01) for W cows than S cows and a treatment by time interaction occurred (P<0.01) with serum LH concentrations increasing (P<0.01) from time of calf removal to 48 h after calf removal in W cows. Frequency of LH peaks increased (P<0.01) in W cows and by 48 h after weaning was greater (P<0.01) in W cows than in S cows. Magnitude of LH peaks did not differ between the two groups. Serum cortisol concentrations were not different between W and S cows except for a transient elevation (P<0.01) in W cows from 7.6 +/- 0.9 ng/ml to 11.9 +/- 1.0 ng/ml 9 to 12 h after calf removal. Since serum LH concentrations were increased in W cows but not in S cows at 48 h and serum cortisol concentrations increased transiently in W cows we suggest that circulating cortisol levels may not be a physiological inhibitor of LH secretion in the suckled postpartum beef cow.     

Circulating Insulin Concentrations,Smoking, and Alcohol Intake Are Important Independent Predictors of Leptin in Young Healthy Men

Objective : Leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, has been shown to signal the status of energy stores to the brain, regulate energy homeostasis, and mediate the neuroendocrine response to food deprivation. Obesity is associated with increased leptin levels, and several hormones, including insulin and glucocorticoids, have been associated with leptin levels and expression in rodents. Although obesity has been strongly associated with increased leptin in humans, a significant percentage of leptin's variability remains unexplained. The role of endogenous hormones, demographic factors, or certain life-style factors in explaining the residual variability of leptin levels has not yet been clarified. We performed this cross-sectional study to document the relative importance of obesity, lifestyle factor, and endogenous hormones in determining serum leptin levels. Research Methods and Procedures : We measured serum concentrations of insulin, Cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; ascertained anthropometric, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics; and studied these variables in relationship to serum leptin concentrations in a sample of young healthy men. Results : Obesity and alcohol intake were independently and positively associated with circulating leptin concentrations. Additionally, cigarette smoking was negatively and independently associated with leptin concentrations. Finally, serum insulin concentration was an independent hormonal determinant of circulating leptin concentrations, whereas serum testosterone was negatively associated with leptin only by bivariate analysis. Discussion : We conclude that, in addition to obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and serum insulin levels are associated with leptin levels in a population of healthy young men.