水生生物体内抗氧化酶及其影响因素研究进展

生物体在新陈代谢过程中,细胞内会产生少量的自由基,参与了机体内多种生理过程,具有重要的生理功能。但是在一些应激因子的作用下,体内产生的活性氧大量积累,将会对细胞产生损伤,抗氧化酶类在清除体内活性氧的过程中具有重要作用。在综述了抗氧化酶的分类、结构特点及相互间作用的基础上,阐述了水生生物体内抗氧化酶及其影响因素的研究进展。     

Effect of natural toxins and adipokinetic hormones on the activity of digestive enzymes in the midgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana

This study examined the effect of two natural toxins (a venom from the parasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor and destruxin A from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae), and one pathogen (the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea) on the activity of basic digestive enzymes in the midgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Simultaneously, the role of adipokinetic hormones (AKH) in the digestive processes was evaluated. The results showed that all tested toxins/pathogens elicited stress responses when applied into the cockroach body, as documented by an increase of AKH level in the central nervous system. The venom from H. hebetor showed no effect on digestive enzyme activities in the ceca and midgut in vitro. In addition, infection by I. fumosorosea caused a decrease in activity of all enzymes in the midgut and a variable decrease in activity in the ceca; application of AKHs did not reverse the inhibition. Destruxin A inhibited the activity of all enzymes in the midgut but none in the ceca in vitro; application of AKHs did reverse this inhibition, and no differences between both cockroach AKHs were found. Overall, the results demonstrated the variable effect of the tested toxins/pathogens on the digestive processes of cockroaches as well as the variable ability of AKH to counteract these effects.     

高温对温室草莓光合生理特性的影响及胁迫等级构建

以草莓品种"红颜"为材料,采用人工控制试验对草莓苗进行动态高温(32℃/22℃,35 ℃/25℃,38 ℃/28 ℃和41℃/31℃;日最高温/日最低温)胁迫(2、5、8和11 d)处理,以28℃/18℃为对照(CK),测定各处理下草莓叶片的光合生理参数.通过主成分分析提取关键参数,并以此计算高温胁迫指数(Z),划分高...     

真菌源激发子对采后葡萄果皮抗性产生的诱导

利用细胞壁提取法从葡萄采后致病菌Alternaria alternate(Fr．)Keissl中提取出激发子。在采前一周用激发子处理葡萄,研究激发子诱导葡萄采后抗病效果。结果表明：葡萄经激发子处理后,果皮内与抗病有关的过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性显著增强,酚类物质和木质素含量也显著提高,贮藏期自然发病率和发病指数降低,其中以125μg·mL-1处理效果最好,果实发病率和发病指数比对照降低500％左右。     

铁蛋白介导的地衣多糖酶胞内自发聚集及其高效制备

酶分离纯化、固定化及催化性能提升一直是生物催化领域的研究热点和前沿,也是众多研究者致力解决的难点.研究和开发新型的纯化、固定化及提升催化性能的方法,降低纯化及储存等设备的要求及生产成本,对酶大规模应用具有重要意义.文中将铁蛋白(ferritin)与目标酶(地衣多糖酶)基因融合,经高效表达后,在细胞内 自发形成无载体固定...     

细叶百合LpPEX7基因克隆及盐胁迫下的表达特性分析

从细叶百合的鳞茎中克隆出过氧化物酶体生物合成蛋白基因（LpPEX7）,该基因ORF全长957 bp,编码318个氨基酸。LpPEX7蛋白序列包含6个WD40保守结构域,通过同源蛋白序列比对和进化树分析,发现LpPEX7与其他植物的PEX7蛋白具有较高的同源性。LpPEX7基因在细叶百合种子,叶片和鳞茎中的表达量比较高,在根和花中表达量比较低,在H₂O₂,NaCl,NaHCO₃不同逆境处理条件下,LpPEX7基因的表达量都发生了改变。在盐碱和氧化胁迫处理下,LpPEX7过表达拟南芥株系种子的萌发要早于野生型种子的萌发,这些研究结果表明LpPEX7基因与盐碱、氧化逆境有一定的应答关系,为细叶百合的耐盐碱性分子机理研究提供一个非常重要的候选基因。     

Iron chelation and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase inhibition suppress mantle cell lymphoma's cyclin D1

The patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have translocation t(11;14) associated with cyclin D1 overexpression. We observed that iron (an essential cofactor of dioxygenases including prolyl hydroxylases [PHDs]) depletion by deferoxamine blocked MCL cells’ proliferation, increased expression of DNA damage marker γH2AX, induced cell cycle arrest and decreased cyclin D1 level. Treatment of MCL cell lines with dimethyloxalylglycine, which blocks dioxygenases involving PHDs by competing with their substrate 2‐oxoglutarate, leads to their decreased proliferation and the decrease of cyclin D1 level. We then postulated that loss of EGLN2/PHD1 in MCL cells may lead to down‐regulation of cyclin D1 by blocking the degradation of FOXO3A, a cyclin D1 suppressor. However, the CRISPR/Cas9‐based loss‐of‐function of EGLN2/PHD1 did not affect cyclin D1 expression and the loss of FOXO3A did not restore cyclin D1 levels after iron chelation. These data suggest that expression of cyclin D1 in MCL is not controlled by ENGL2/PHD1‐FOXO3A pathway and that chelation‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate competition‐mediated down‐regulation of cyclin D1 in MCL cells is driven by yet unknown mechanism involving iron‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases other than PHD1. These data support further exploration of the use of iron chelation and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase inhibitors as a novel therapy of MCL.     

硒对水稻的生态毒理效应及临界指标研究

通过土壤添加硒盆栽试验,研究了黄棕壤不同浓度Se对水稻生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统的影响.结果表明,低浓度Se(<8mg·kg^-1)对水稻根和地上生物量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/b有促进作用,并整体提高了作物抗氧化酶系统,使MDA下降,SOD、CAT、POD、GSHPx活性相应提高.而高浓度Se(>16mg·kg^-1)对水稻根和地上生物量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/b有明显的抑制作用,对抗氧化酶系统产生胁迫效应,使GSHPx明显上升,MDA上升,SOD、CAT、POD酶活性明显下降.各项生理指标与土壤Se处理浓度之间相关分析表明,土壤Se浓度与地上部干重相对百分率、根干重百分率、叶绿素a/b、MDA、SOD、CAT、POD之间有显著相关性.比较胁迫效应10%值的临界指标EC10值表明,作物地上部干重抑制率作为土壤临界值制定的依据更为可靠,EC10为21mg·kg^-1.     

复合微生态制剂对幼刺参营养成分和 酶活力的影响

目的研究复合微生态制剂对幼刺参体壁营养成分、几种消化酶和免疫酶活力的影响。方法在封闭式循环系统中投喂不同的微生态制剂进行30 d刺参养殖实验。结果投喂液态复合微生态制剂组和粉状复合微生态制剂组的刺参体壁的粗脂肪、总糖、粗蛋白含量最高,两组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。添加微生态制剂的3个实验组刺参肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力均比对照组高,且差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。实验组刺参的肠道、体壁、体液过氧化氢酶活力均比对照组高,其中投喂液态复合微生态制剂实验组活力最高。实验组刺参组织的酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力也明显高于对照组(与对照组相比差异有统计学意义,Ps0.05)。结论微生态制剂可以有效改善幼刺参体壁营养成分,促进机体消化活力,提高刺参免疫力。     

低浓度CO2对水车前和黑藻光合特性的影响

本实验通过对沉水植物水车前(Ottelia alismoides)和黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)进行低浓度CO2诱导,研究其光合特性的变化.研究显示,诱导后,水车前的PEPC/Rubisco活性比值由0.45上升到4.17,黑藻由0.47上升到4.17,两种植物的C4途径光合酶PEPC和NAD-M...