.液相芯片技术在检验医学和生物医学中的应用

 液相芯片技术是以100种不同荧光编码的微球作为探针的载体,生物分子间的反应在悬浮液态体系中进行的一类新的生物芯片技术.在这个灵活和开放的平台中可进行蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子的检测.液相芯片较传统的固相芯片的优势在于检测准确、信息质量稳定、可重复性好.液相芯片以其易于操作、高通量、高灵敏度、高准确度、高精密度以及宽的线性测定范围的特点,逐渐进入了临床诊断领域.     

结核分枝杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片的制备及应用

目的:用重组结核分枝杆菌ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38抗原制备相应的抗体检测蛋白芯片。方法:将制备的结核分枝杆菌抗原ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38及购买的LAM抗原点于醛基化修饰的玻片上,制备成结核抗体检测蛋白芯片;使用该芯片对130例临床结核病患者和50例健康体检者血液样品进行检测,分析其敏感性和特异性,以及5项结核抗体的构成比。结果:结核杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片的敏感性为90.8%(118/130),特异性为90%(45/50),LAM的检出率最高为91.5%。结论:用ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38及LAM抗原制备的结核杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片用于结核病辅助诊断的敏感性和特异性较高,可用于结核分枝杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片试剂盒的开发。     

同步辐射圆二色谱及其在糖生物学及生物分子中的应用

同步辐射圆二色谱与普通圆二色谱相比,特点在于向真空紫外波段（〈200nm）拓展,以及同步辐射所提供的高强度紫外和真空紫外光源。糖的圆二色谱结构主要在200nm以下。蛋白质和核酸在200nm以下的真空紫外范围,也具有丰富的光谱结构。因此向真空紫外拓展,伴随新的电子跃迁,对应新的光谱结构,包含更丰富的结构信息,确定的结构种类就越多和越精确。同步辐射高强度的真空紫外光源,是获得高质量真空紫外圆二色谱数据的保证,为糖及糖蛋白、蛋白质和核酸研究提供了溶液中结构探测新的实验方法。综述同步辐射圆二色谱特点及其在结构生物学中的应用,以及新发展的蛋白质圆二色谱数据库（PCDDB）。介绍已对外开放的北京同步辐射实验室同步辐射圆二色谱探测,及其在蛋白质、糖和核酸研究中的应用,以及基于微流控混合芯片的亚毫秒动态探测发展。     

小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞与隐球菌作用前后基因表达谱分析

目的 比较小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞系bEnd.3细胞与隐球菌作用前后基因表达谱的变化,为隐球菌的嗜中枢性研究提供新的线索.方法 采用基因芯片法比较bEnd.3细胞与不同血清型隐球菌作用前后基因表达谱的变化,并进一步通过荧光定量PCR的方法对某些重要基因的变化加以验证.结果 我们对bEnd.3与隐球菌作用前后基因表达进行了对比,共获得差异基因383条,其中263条基因表达下降,120条基因表达上升,并根据比较结果选取了黏附分子CDH 10及硒转运蛋白SELENBP 1两个基因进行荧光定量PCR验证,结果与芯片结果一致.发现bEnd.3与隐球菌作用后CDH 10表达明显下降,而SELENBP1表达明显上升.结论 隐球菌能引起脑血管内皮细胞黏附分子CDH 10表达下降及硒结合蛋白selenbp1表达上升,这可能与其侵袭血脑屏障有关.而SELENBP1的表达上升可能与神经系统症状有关.     

基因芯片数据分析方法研究进展

基因芯片技术的出现改变了生物医学研究的前景,其产生的海量数据是限制其发展的瓶颈问题。为提取其中所隐含的有价值的信息,在基因芯片数据分析的复杂计算工具和方法方面近年来有很多尝试。本文对近5年来基因芯片表达数据的分类分析方法进行综述,既分类比较了以聚类分析为基础的分类方法,也吸收了当前应用数据挖掘、信息融合等系统生物学思路的研究技术,并对数据的分析结果进行评价。     

糖尿病肝脏基因表达谱代谢学分析

目的:探讨糖尿病患者肝脏与正常对照肝脏基因表达谱的变化,并进行代谢通路生物信息学分析.方法:应用Affymetrix的Human Genome U133A array芯片检测糖尿病肝脏组织(n=2)和正常对照肝脏组织(n=2)的基因表达谱变化,通过DAVID分析平台对芯片监测到的表达上调的基因进行KEGG通路分析,并用RT-PCR验证部分基因的表达情况.结果:以比值大于2或小于-2为准,共有492条基因明显上调,820条基因明显下调;在差异表达明显的前20位基因中,涉及氧化应激、免疫炎症反应和脂代谢.KEC-G代谢通路分析显示:该差异表达基因谱符合2型糖尿病的发病机制,其差异表达明显基因的代谢通路涉及胰岛素信号通路、脂代谢、补体和凝血系统、糖代谢、粘附功能和细胞因子和受体的相互作用.RT-PCR证实差异表达明显基因SOD2mRNA和CRPmRNA确实表达明显上调.结论:糖尿病肝脏与正常肝脏组织基因表达谱的变化在代谢通路上主要表现为在糖、脂代谢和胰岛素信号通路、补体和凝血系统等的改变,肝脏在糖尿病发病机制中的作用可能与其参与糖脂代谢和胰岛素的作用异常有关.     

A Microfluidic Platform for Precision Small-volume Sample Processing and Its Use to Size Separate Biological Particles with an Acoustic Microdevice

A major advantage of microfluidic devices is the ability to manipulate small sample volumes, thus reducing reagent waste and preserving precious sample. However, to achieve robust sample manipulation it is necessary to address device integration with the macroscale environment. To realize repeatable, sensitive particle separation with microfluidic devices, this protocol presents a complete automated and integrated microfluidic platform that enables precise processing of 0.15–1.5 ml samples using microfluidic devices. Important aspects of this system include modular device layout and robust fixtures resulting in reliable and flexible world to chip connections, and fully-automated fluid handling which accomplishes closed-loop sample collection, system cleaning and priming steps to ensure repeatable operation. Different microfluidic devices can be used interchangeably with this architecture. Here we incorporate an acoustofluidic device, detail its characterization, performance optimization, and demonstrate its use for size-separation of biological samples. By using real-time feedback during separation experiments, sample collection is optimized to conserve and concentrate sample. Although requiring the integration of multiple pieces of equipment, advantages of this architecture include the ability to process unknown samples with no additional system optimization, ease of device replacement, and precise, robust sample processing.     

A novel homozygous 10 nucleotide deletion in BBS10 causes Bardet–Biedl syndrome in a Pakistani family

Bardet–Biedl Syndrome is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder characterized by central obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, learning difficulties, rod-cone dystrophy and renal dysplasia. Bardet–Biedl Syndrome has a prevalence rate ranging from 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 160,000 births although there are communities where Bardet–Biedl Syndrome is found at a higher frequency due to consanguinity. We report here a Pakistani consanguineous family with two affected sons with typical clinical features of Bardet–Biedl Syndrome, in addition to abnormal liver functioning and bilateral basal ganglia calcification, the latter feature being typical of Fahr's disease. Homozygous regions obtained from SNP array depicted three known genes BBS10, BBS14 and BBS2. Bidirectional sequencing of all coding exons by traditional sequencing of all these three genes showed a homozygous deletion of 10 nucleotides (c.1958_1967del), in BBS10 in both affected brothers. The segregation analysis revealed that the parents, paternal grandfather, maternal grandmother and an unaffected sister were heterozygous for the deletion. Such a large deletion in BBS10 has not been reported previously in any population and is likely to be contributing to the phenotype of Bardet–Biedl Syndrome in this family.     

A dual fluorescent/MALDI chip platform for analyzing enzymatic activity and for protein profiling

Being able to rapidly and sensitively detect specific enzymatic products is important when screening biological samples for enzymatic activity. We present a simple method for assaying protease activity in the presence of protease inhibitors (PIs) by measuring tryptic peptide accumulation on copolymer pMALDI target chips using a dual fluorescence/MALDI‐TOF‐MS read‐out. The small platform of the chip accommodates microliter amounts of sample and allows for rapid protein digestion. Fluorescamine labeling of tryptic peptides is used to indicate the proteolytic activity and is shown to be an affordable, simple process, yielding a strong fluorescence signal with a low background. Subsequent MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis, performed in the same sample well, or in a parallel well without adding fluorescamine, detects the specific tryptic peptides and provides confidence in the assay. The dual read‐out method was applied to screen the inhibition activity of plant PIs, components of plant defense against herbivores and pathogens. Extracts of PIs from Solanum nigrum and trypsin were applied together to a pMALDI chip on which a suitable substrate was adsorbed. The fluorescence and MALDI‐TOF‐MS signal decrease were associated with the inhibitory effect of the PIs on trypsin. The developed platform can be modified to screen novel protease inhibitors, namely, those potentially useful for treating or preventing infection by viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C.     

自身抗体检测蛋白芯片制备条件的优化及初步应用

选择临床上常用的用于自身免疫性疾病抗体检测所对应的12种抗原, 运用NBT/BCIP显色反应策略, 研制一种可同时检测12种常用自身抗体的蛋白芯片检测系统。应用NBT/BCIP终点检测体系对每一种抗原的点样液、点样浓度、血清稀释度进行优化, 制备出可同时检测12种自身抗体的蛋白芯片, 并通过对678例病人血清和120例非病人血清的检测进行敏感度和特异度评价。优化的点样液为0.1%TBST, 血清稀释度为1:4, 12种抗原的最佳点样浓度分别为: ANA 520 mg/mL, Ro-60/SSa 465 mg/mL, La/SSb 530 mg/mL, Jo-1 530 mg/mL, Scl-70 525 mg/mL, Sm 520 mg/mL, Ro-52/SSa 615 mg/mL, RF 340 mg/mL, CCP 465 mg/mL, u1RNP 410 mg/mL, CENP-B 490 mg/mL, dsDNA 580 mg/mL; 通过对678份阳性血清和120份阴性血清的检测, 该蛋白芯片技术对12种自身抗体检测的敏感度在80%~96.3%之间, 特异度在86.7%~100%之间, 与传统的检测技术有较高的符合率。我们研究的自身抗体检测蛋白芯片技术体系具有快速、方便、高通量、廉价等优势, 易于商业化, 适合不同条件的临床需要。