2013 年全球新药研发报告——第一部分:新药及生物制品（Ⅲ）

该年度报告涉及2013 年最新上市的56 种新药及生物制品,包括20 种新孤儿药和10 种全新药物,以及获得美国FDA“新突破药物”称号的前3 名药物。此外,该年度报告还讨论了30 种重要的延伸性新药（新适应证、新剂型和现有药物的新复方）,以及19 种年内首次获批但在该报告结束时尚未上市的新药。     

2016 年5 月美国、欧盟和日本新批准药物概述

2016 年5 月,美国、欧盟和日本共批准32 个新药,包括新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品、新增适应证及新剂型药物。 对全球首次获得批准的新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品进行分析,重点介绍这些药物的临床研究结果和研发历史进程。     

2016 年 11 月美国、欧盟和日本新批准药物概述

2016 年 11 月,美国、欧盟和日本共批准 19 个新药,包括新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品、新增适应证及新剂型药物。 对全球首次获得批准的新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品进行分析,重点介绍这些药物的临床研究结果和研发历史进程。     

2016 年4 月美国、欧盟和日本新批准药物概述

2016 年4 月,美国、欧盟和日本共批准42 个新药,包括新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品、新增适应证及新剂型药物。 对全球首次获得批准的新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品进行分析,重点介绍这些药物的临床研究结果和研发历史进程。     

Camelid Ig V genes reveal significant human homology not seen in therapeutic target genes,providing for a powerful therapeutic antibody platform

Camelid immunoglobulin variable (IGV) regions were found homologous to their human counterparts; however, the germline V repertoires of camelid heavy and light chains are still incomplete and their therapeutic potential is only beginning to be appreciated. We therefore leveraged the publicly available HTG and WGS databases of Lama pacos and Camelus ferus to retrieve the germline repertoire of V genes using human IGV genes as reference. In addition, we amplified IGKV and IGLV genes to uncover the V germline repertoire of Lama glama and sequenced BAC clones covering part of the Lama pacos IGK and IGL loci. Our in silico analysis showed that camelid counterparts of all human IGKV and IGLV families and most IGHV families could be identified, based on canonical structure and sequence homology. Interestingly, this sequence homology seemed largely restricted to the Ig V genes and was far less apparent in other genes: 6 therapeutically relevant target genes differed significantly from their human orthologs. This contributed to efficient immunization of llamas with the human proteins CD70, MET, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, resulting in large panels of functional antibodies. The in silico predicted human-homologous canonical folds of camelid-derived antibodies were confirmed by X-ray crystallography solving the structure of 2 selected camelid anti-CD70 and anti-MET antibodies. These antibodies showed identical fold combinations as found in the corresponding human germline V families, yielding binding site structures closely similar to those occurring in human antibodies. In conclusion, our results indicate that active immunization of camelids can be a powerful therapeutic antibody platform.     

The challenge of indication extrapolation for infliximab biosimilars

A biosimilar is intended to be highly similar to a reference biologic such that any differences in quality attributes (i.e., molecular characteristics) do not affect safety or efficacy. Achieving this benchmark for biologics, especially large glycoproteins such as monoclonal antibodies, is challenging given their complex structure and manufacturing. Regulatory guidance on biosimilars issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada and European Medicines Agency indicates that, in addition to a demonstration of a high degree of similarity in quality attributes, a reduced number of nonclinical and clinical comparative studies can be sufficient for approval. Following a tiered approach, clinical studies are required to address concerns about possible clinically significant differences that remain after laboratory and nonclinical evaluations. Consequently, a critical question arises: can clinical studies that satisfy concerns regarding safety and efficacy in one condition support “indication extrapolation” to other conditions? This question will be addressed by reviewing the case of a biosimilar to infliximab that was approved recently in South Korea, Europe, and Canada for multiple indications through extrapolation. The principles discussed should also apply to biosimilars of other monoclonal antibodies that are approved to treat multiple distinct conditions.     

2017 年 1 月美国和欧盟新批准药物概述

2017 年 1 月,美国和欧盟共批准 20 个新药,包括新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品、新增适应证及新剂型药物。对全球 首次获得批准的新分子实体、新有效成分、新生物制品进行分析,重点介绍这些药物的临床研究结果和研发历史进程。     

Deep learning image analysis models pretrained on daily objects are useful for the preliminary characterization of particulate pharmaceutical samples

Visible and subvisible particles are a quality attribute in sterile pharmaceutical samples. A common method for characterizing and quantifying pharmaceutical samples containing particulates is imaging many individual particles using high-throughput instrumentation and analyzing the populations data. The analysis includes conventional metrics such as the particle size distribution but can be more sophisticated by interpreting other visual/morphological features. To avoid the hurdles of building new image analysis models capable of extracting such relevant features from scratch, we propose using well-established pretrained deep learning image analysis models such as EfficientNet. We demonstrate that such models are useful as a prescreening tool for high-level characterization of biopharmaceutical particle image data. We show that although these models are originally trained for completely different tasks (such as the classification of daily objects in the ImageNet database), the visual feature vectors extracted by such models can be useful for studying different types of subvisible particles. This applicability is illustrated through multiple case studies: (i) particle risk assessment in prefilled syringe formulations containing different particle types such as silicone oil, (ii) method comparability with the example of accelerated forced degradation, and (iii) excipient influence on particle morphology with the example of Polysorbate 80 (PS80). As examples of agnostic applicability of pretrained models, we also elucidate the application to two high-throughput microscopy methods: microflow and background membrane imaging. We show that different particle populations with different morphological and visual features can be identified in different samples by leveraging out-of-the-box pretrained models to analyze images from each sample.