河流着生藻类多样性对城镇化的响应——以深圳市为例

着生藻类是河流生态状况的重要指示生物,然而关于城镇化对着生藻类多样性影响的研究还较缺乏。基于深圳市9条主要河流74个样点2020年雨、旱季的调查数据,对比了城区、郊区河流样点的着生藻类α、β多样性。两次调查共鉴定出着生藻类301个分类单元,其中硅藻门种类最多。谷皮菱形藻(Nitzschia palea)、隐头舟形藻(Navicula cryptocephala)、平庸菱形藻(Nitzschia inconspicua)等污染指示种在城区组相对丰度更高,而清洁指示种微小曲丝藻(Achnanthidium minutissimum)在郊区组相对丰度更高。城镇化对着生藻类物种丰富度、香农维纳多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数等α多样性指数均无显著影响,但对着生藻类群落结构有显著影响。城区组样点的着生藻类β多样性(用主坐标分析质心指示)低于郊区组,城区组与郊区组藻类β多样性差异在旱季更为显著。两组样点的藻类β多样性差异主要来源于物种周转组分。与城区组着生藻类群落显著相关的环境因子包括总氮、高锰酸钾指数、电导率、pH、浊度和水深,而与郊区组着生藻类群落显著相关的是总氮、溶解性无机磷和电导率。研究...     

四川省蝶类物种组成及名录

通过整理鉴定四川大学自然博物馆馆藏的100多年间采自四川省的1万余号蝶类标本,最早的四川蝶类标本(宽带凤蝶西部亚种Papilio nephelus chaon)采于1910年,结合文献和专著资料,参考《中国蝶类志》的分类系统,得到四川省蝶类644种,隶属于12科240属。其中,蛱蝶科Nymphalidae 162种、弄蝶科Hesperiidae 125种、眼蝶科Satyridae 114种、灰蝶科Lycaenidae 100种、粉蝶科Pieridae 59种、凤蝶科Papilionidae 45种、蚬蝶科Riodinidae 14种、绢蝶科Parnassiidae 11种、斑蝶科Danaidae 8种、环蝶科Amathusiidae 4种、喙蝶科Libytheidae 1种、珍蝶科Acraeidae 1种。四川省蝶类物种组成丰富,其中,蛱蝶科、弄蝶科、眼蝶科和灰蝶科物种数均超过或达到100种。建议在全省范围内选择不同生境建立长期监测点,持续监测蝶类物种多样性分布及变化情况,这对于保护全省生态环境和维持生物多样性都是至关重要的。建议尽快开展相关研究,包括四川省蝶类的经典分类学、系统发育及...     

Awareness and use of biodiversity collections by fish biologists

A survey of 280 fish biologists from a diverse pool of disciplines was conducted in order to assess the use made of biodiversity collections and how collections can better collect, curate and share the data they have. From the responses, data for how fish biologists use collections, what data they find the most useful, what factors influence the decisions to use collections, how they access the data and explore why some fish biologists make the decision to not use biodiversity collections is collated and reported. The results of which could be used to formulate sustainability plans for collections administrators and staff who curate fish biodiversity collections, while also highlighting the diversity of data and uses to researchers.     

Multiscale climate change impacts on plant diversity in the Atacama Desert

Comprehending ecological dynamics requires not only knowledge of modern communities but also detailed reconstructions of ecosystem history. Ancient DNA (aDNA) metabarcoding allows biodiversity responses to major climatic change to be explored at different spatial and temporal scales. We extracted aDNA preserved in fossil rodent middens to reconstruct late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in the hyperarid Atacama Desert. By comparing our paleo‐informed millennial record with contemporary observations of interannual variations in diversity, we show local plant communities behave differentially at different timescales. In the interannual (years to decades) time frame, only annual herbaceous expand and contract their distributional ranges (emerging from persistent seed banks) in response to precipitation, whereas perennials distribution appears to be extraordinarily resilient. In contrast, at longer timescales (thousands of years) many perennial species were displaced up to 1,000 m downslope during pluvial events. Given ongoing and future natural and anthropogenically induced climate change, our results not only provide baselines for vegetation in the Atacama Desert, but also help to inform how these and other high mountain plant communities may respond to fluctuations of climate in the future.     

Holocene vertebrate fossils aid the management and restoration of Australian ecosystems

European‐settlement‐related impacts over the past 200 years pose many challenges for the conservation and restoration of Australia's ecosystems. Landscape modification, associated habitat loss and the introduction of exotic species have caused the extinction and mainland extirpation of numerous vertebrates. This process happened so quickly that many species became locally or functionally extinct before their presence was documented. A growing body of research on Holocene fossil accumulations is providing insights into the composition and biogeography of Australian ecosystems prior to European settlement. This review explores the similarities between palaeo‐ and neo‐ecology and how Holocene (last 10,000 years) assemblages can be used by neo‐ecologists, conservation managers and policy makers to identify and fill gaps in knowledge and contribute to the management and restoration of Australia's degraded ecosystems.     

International cooperation in conserving biological diversity: a world strategy,international convention,and framework for action

Stimulated by the growing awareness of deforestation at all latitudes, the loss of species, declines in several fisheries, pollution, and other environmental threats, governments, citizen groups, academics, and indigenous peoples have been actively seeking ways to reverse current trends of impoverishment and achieve sustainable development. This paper considers the problems which confront managers of protected areas and proposes a six-point agenda for management based upon improved international policies, funding initiatives and other support mechanisms.