HMGB1 siRNA对HT-29细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的：观察干扰HMGBl表达对HT-29细胞侵袭转移能力的影响。方法：HMGB1siRNA通过脂质体转染HT-29细胞,westernblot和实时定量RT—PCR检测HT-29细胞中HMGB1蛋白和mRNA的表达,Transwell小室观察HT-29的转移侵袭能力。结果：干扰HMGBl后HMGB1蛋白和mRNA的表达均减少,HT-29的转移侵袭能力下降。结论：HMGB1能促进HT-29的转移侵袭能力,干扰其表达可抑制HT-29的转移侵袭。     

高中生与大学生飞行学员基本认知能力的比较研究

目的：比较高中生与大学生在空军招飞基本认知能力测验成绩上是否存在差异。方法：用完全随机设计的方法,采用新编飞行员基本认知能力测验,包括无意义图形记忆、注意力持久、局部整体图形转换、图形识别、距离判断力、三维空间认知能力测验,对720名高中生与大学生进行测评,比较两者间的异同。结果：无意义图形记忆、注意力持久,局部整体图形转换,图形识别,距离判断力测验,大学生的成绩要优于高中生的成绩,差异有统计学意义（P（0．05）;大学生与高中生的三维空间认知能力测验成绩在统计学上没有显著差异（P〉O．05）。结论：大学生的记忆力、注意力的持久性和转换性、观察力等基本认知能力水平高于高中生,在三维空间认知能力方面二者的水平是相当的,建议在今后的招飞工作中可扩大对大学生的招生规模。     

ID1对大鼠C6细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的：观察IDl对大鼠胶质瘤细胞（c6细胞）侵袭转移能力的影响。方法：以C6细胞为研究对象,ID1 siRNA通过脂质体转染c6细胞,western blot检测C6细胞中ID1、P-NF—KBp65蛋白的表达、Elisa法检测细胞培养上清MMP．9的含量,Transwell小室观察成的转移侵袭能力。结果：干扰ID1后能显著降低C6细胞中P-NF-KBp65蛋白、细胞培养上清中MMP-9的含量（P〈0．01）,降低C6细胞的转移侵袭能力（P〈0．01）。结论：干扰ID1能抑制C6细胞的转移侵袭,其机制可能与抑制C6细胞中P-NF-K Bp65蛋白、MMP-9的表达有关。     

Effects of Nutrient Level on Maternal Choice and Siring Success in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis> (Cucurbitaceae)

Plants have evolved many mechanisms to increase the chance of gene dispersal mainly through pollen and environmental factors play an important role. Understanding the mechanism behind gene dispersal is therefore crucial in the correct evaluation of the use of genetically modified crops for cultivation. In this paper we address the question of weather nutrient availability for the female affects the outcome of pollen competition between two pollen donor cultivars of Cucumis sativus. We do this by carrying out controlled crosses of female plants grown at three different nutrient levels. We separated the effect of a specific donor from the effect of pollen tube growth rate by using reversed crosses of fast and slow pollen. Our results show that female effects on siring ability vary with nutrient level. Pollen with a high pollen tube growth rate was more successful when nutrient availability for the female was high. This could be the result of selection on the female to adjust preference according to environmental circumstances. Pollen tube growth rate was measured under nutrient rich circumstances, thus high performers possessed traits adapted to a nutrient rich situation. Due to trade-off effects, these traits might not be advantageous in poor environments. Instead, individuals adapted to low nutrient circumstances will have a higher pollen tube growth rate. If siring ability varies with the environment of the recipient plant, this means that assessments of gene flow must account for this variation and include both pollen donors and recipient plants subjected to a range of environmental circumstances. In risk assessments of transgenic plants, plants are often kept under experimental, homogenous conditions. If our results also apply to other species, estimates of gene flow under constant conditions may be misleading. Selection on siring ability and female preference have fundamental effects on gene flow and need to be considered in risk assessments of transgenic plants.Co-ordinating editor: I. Olivieri     

Male attractiveness covaries with fighting ability but not with prior fight outcome in house crickets

In many species males that tend to win fights against othermales are more attractive to females. There are three ways inwhich male fighting ability and attractiveness may be associated:(1) attractiveness and fighting ability are influenced by thesame underlying traits (e.g., body size), (2) females prefermales that have directly observed winning fights, or (3) winningprevious fights indirectly improves a male's chance of beingpreferred by females. The last possibility may arise as a consequenceof the "loser effect"; in many species when a male loses a fighthis probability of losing subsequent fights increases. Thereare, however, no studies testing whether such a "loser effect"also influences male attractiveness. Here we show that maleattractiveness and fighting ability are positively correlatedin the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Our experiment wasdesigned so that females could not directly observe the outcomeof fights, thus eliminating possibility (2) above. We then testedbetween possibilities (1) and (3) by making use of the factthat in some cricket species the "loser effect" can be eliminatedexperimentally by ‘shaking’ a male and stimulatingthe motor program for flying. We showed that in A. domesticus‘shaking’ does affect the outcome of subsequentfights. Males that had won two previous fights were less likelyto win a fight after being ‘shaken’ than when subjectto a control treatment. In contrast, males that had lost twoprevious fights were more likely to win a fight after being‘shaken’ than when they were not shaken. There was,however, no effect of ‘shaking’ on male attractiveness.We conclude that the "loser effect" does not alter the tendencyfor large, dominant males to be attractive to females. Instead,it appears that there are traits correlated with both fightingability and attractiveness. One such trait is body size. Fightwinners were significantly larger than losers and attractivenesswas positively correlated with male body size.     

Diversity in fertility potential and organo-sulphur compounds among garlics from Central Asia

Extending the collection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) accessions is an important means that is available for broadening the genetic variability of this cultivated plant, with regard to yield, quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic traits; it is also an important means for restoring fertility and flowering. In the framework of the EU project Garlic and Health, 120 garlic accessions were collected in Central Asia – the main centre of garlic diversity. Plants were documented and thereafter maintained in field collections in both Israel and The Netherlands. The collection was evaluated for biological and economic traits. Garlic clones vary in most vegetative characteristics (leaf number, bulb size and structure), as well as in floral scape elongation and inflorescence development. A clear distinction was made between incomplete bolting and bolting populations; most of the accessions in the latter populations produced flowers with fertile pollen and receptive stigma. Wide variations were recorded with regard to differentiation of topsets, their size, number and rapidity of development. Furthermore, significant variation in organo-sulphur compounds (alliin, isoalliin, allicin and related dipeptides) was found within garlic collections and between plants grown under differing environmental conditions. Genetic fingerprinting by means of AFLP markers revealed three distinct groups within this collection, differing also in flowering ability and organo-S content.     

Evaluation of adriamycin nephropathy by an in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance

A rat model for human minimal change nephropathy was obtained by the intravenous injection of adriamycin (ADR) at 5 mg/kg. By using an in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer operating at 700 MHz, the temporal changes in signal intensities of a nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), in the kidneys of rats with ADR nephropathy were investigated. The decay rate of the EPR signal intensity obtained in the kidney is indicative of the renal reducing ability. It was found that the reducing ability in the kidney declined on the 7th day after ADR administration and recovered after the 14th day. Impairment of the reducing ability occurred before the appearance of continuous urinary protein. The in vitro EPR study showed that this impairment of in vivo renal reducing ability is related to impairment of the reducing ability in the mitochondria.     

Supercooling ability in two populations of the land snail Helix pomatia (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and ice-nucleating activity of gut bacteria

The land snail Helix pomatia (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is widely distributed in Northern and Central Europe where it may experience subzero temperatures during winter months. Its supercooling ability was studied in two populations of H. pomatia. One population originated from Southern Sweden (Gotaland) and the other from Central France (Auvergne). In the experimental design, they were acclimated, over 2 weeks, to artificial winter conditions (hibernation, T=5 degrees C). The Swedish snails showed a rather limited supercooling ability (temperature of crystallization, T(c)=-6.4+/-0.8 degrees C), significantly greater, however, than the supercooling capacity of the population from France (T(c)=-4.6+/-1.4 degrees C). In artificial spring conditions (3 months of hibernation followed by a progressive acclimation, over 2 weeks, to activity at T=20 degrees C), both populations exhibited a similar high T(c) (-2.0+/-1.0 degrees C). The lower T(c) of hibernating Swedish snails could be due to a greater loss of body water, accompanied by a higher concentration of solutes in the hemolymph. In both populations, the variation in hemolymph osmolality measured between hibernating (250-270 mOsm kg(-1)) and active (165-215 mOsm kg(-1)) snails may be explained by the variation in body water mass and did not suggest the production of colligative cryoprotectants. Moreover, the three bacterial strains, Buttiauxella sp., Kluyvera sp., and Tatumella sp. (Enterobacteriaceae) which were isolated from fed snails, but absent in starved snails, did not show any ice-nucleating activity at temperatures higher than -9 degrees C. Only the strain Kluyvera sp. initiated nucleation at -9 degrees C. This strain, therefore, is a weak, also termed a Type III or Class C ice-nucleating active bacterium, but with no influence on the supercooling ability of individual snails. In summary, fluctuations in body water mass of hibernating snail populations, triggering changes in osmolyte concentration, rather than the presence of endogenous ice-nucleating-active bacteria, accounts for fluctuations in their T(c).     

Unicoloniality, recognition and genetic differentiation in a native Formica ant

Some ants have an extraordinary form of social organization, called unicoloniality, whereby individuals mix freely among physically separated nests. This mode of social organization has been primarily studied in introduced and invasive ant species, so that the recognition ability and genetic structure of ants forming unicolonial populations in their native range remain poorly known. We investigated the pattern of aggression and the genetic structure of six unicolonial populations of the ant Formica paralugubris at four hierarchical levels: within nests, among nests within the same population, among nests of populations within the Alps or Jura Mountains and among nests of the two mountain ranges. Ants within populations showed no aggressive behaviour, but recognized nonnestmates as shown by longer antennation bouts. Overall, the level of aggression increased with geographic and genetic distance but was always considerably lower than between species. No distinct behavioural supercolony boundaries were found. Our study provides evidence that unicoloniality can be maintained in noninvasive ants despite significant genetic differentiation and the ability to discriminate between nestmates and nonnestmates.     

CL系列甘蔗亲本的遗传力及配合力分析

为探讨CL系列甘蔗品种作杂交亲本的遗传特点,采用3×3不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)遗传设计,估算了7个产量和品质性状的遗传方差、一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)。结果表明:锤度的遗传主要受母本加性基因效应控制,株高的遗传主要受父母本加性基因控制,而锤重的遗传主要受非加性基因效应所制约;CL83-1163作为母本,糖分配合力高,且能把高糖特性传递给后代,CL88-4730为父本,产量和品质性状的配合力大,其杂交后代表现高产高糖;根据配合力总效应(TCA),综合表现好的组合有CL83-1364×CL88-4730、CL83-1900×CL84-3152、CL83-1163×CL88-4730,可用于今后的甘蔗有性育种计划。