丹参转录因子基因SmMYCamiRNA表达载体的构建及其对丹参的转化

丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge）为我国传统中药,其活性成分的药理作用广泛,尤其在防治心血管病药物中具有重要作用。丹参水溶性酚酸类物质合成途径由苯丙烷代谢和酪氨酸代谢共同参与而成。转录因子对植物次生代谢起着十分重要的调节作用。我们前期测序结果显示,SmMyc是一个丹参bHLH类转录因子,可能参与丹参酚酸类化合物生物合成的调控。本研究利用拟南芥miRNA319前体为模板骨架,通过over-lappingPCR技术构建旨在能对SmMYC进行特异性沉默的at-tificalmiRNA（amiRNA）植物表达载体,命名为pCambial302-amiR-SmMYC,并通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法将其导入丹参。Real．timePCR结果显示,所得转化阳性株系SmMYC的mRNA水平均呈现不同程度的下降,同时酚酸类代谢途径中相关酶基因的表达也表现为相应程度的下调;福林酚法检测结果显示,转化株系中总酚酸含量均低于同期的野生型丹参。以上实验结果初步显示丹参SmMYC可能作为一个重要的转录因子参与酚酸类活性物质的代谢调控,同时为进一步研究SmMYC4丹参酚酸类化合物生物合成中的调控功能奠定了基础。     

小麦盐胁迫相关基因TabHLH13的克隆与分析

在对小麦全长cDNA克隆进行大规模测序及转录因子功能研究过程中,筛选到一个与盐胁迫相关的bHLH转录因子基因,将其命名为TabHLH13。TabHLH13的全长cDNA序列为1072 bp,开放阅读框为720 bp,编码一个具有240个氨基酸残基的bHLH转录因子;对TabHLH13的基因组和cDNA序列比较分析表明该基因包括5个外显子和4个内含子;同源序列分析发现,TabHLH13与来自大麦和短柄草中的bHLH蛋白序列相似性最高,分别为96.2%和90.5%;电子定位发现TabHLH13位于小麦第7同源群的7DL上;亚细胞定位结果表明,TabHLH13编码一个定位在细胞核中的蛋白;组织表达特性分析表明该基因在小麦根、茎、叶、颖壳、雌蕊和花药中均有较强的表达;半定量RT-PCR与qRT-PCR结果表明TabHLH13是一个受盐胁迫诱导表达的基因。     

大熊猫bHLH基因家族的识别与分析

碱性/螺旋-环-螺旋(basic/Helix-Loop-Helix,bHLH)蛋白质家族是数量最多、最复杂的转录因子家族之一,几乎存在于所有真核生物体内,其功能包括参与神经发育、肌肉形成、造血等重要生物学过程的基因表达调控.目前对一些动物的bHLH蛋白的研究已较为广泛和深入,但作为保护动物的旗舰物种大熊猫的bHLH蛋白的研究却很有限,大熊猫全基因组最近已经公布,这方便了大熊猫bHLH的深入研究.本研究发现大熊猫基因组中共有118个bHLH基因,根据结构域差异和系统发育分析结果,大熊猫的bHLH基因归属于42个亚家族,其中属于A、B、C、D、E、F 6个组的数目分别为:56、26、17、5、6、0,此外还有8个大熊猫的bHLH成员暂时无法将其分为任何一组,列为"orphans"组.有些种类,如COE和MITF亚家族在大熊猫进化过程中可能出现了丢失.     

A porous medium‐chain‐length poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoates)/hydroxyapatite composite as scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are hydrophobic biopolymers with huge potential for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability. A porous composite scaffold made of medium‐chain‐length poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl‐PHA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) was fabricated using particulate leaching technique and NaCl as a porogen. Different percentages of HA loading was investigated that would support the growth of osteoblast cells. Ultrasonic irradiation was applied to facilitate the dispersion of HA particles into the mcl‐PHA matrix. The different P(3HO‐co‐3HHX)/HA composites were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA). The scaffolds were found to be highly porous with interconnecting pore structures and the HA particles were homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. The scaffolds biocompatibility and osteoconductivity were also assessed following the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells on the scaffolds. From the results, it is clear that scaffolds made from P(3HO‐co‐3HHX)/HA composites are viable candidate materials for bone tissue engineering applications.     

间变大细胞淋巴瘤的临床进展

间变大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCL)是一种临床上少见的恶性淋巴瘤。形态学存在着一种标志的hall mark细胞;细胞免疫学上CD30(Ki-1)表达强阳性;标志性的染色体异常t(2;5)(p23;q35)。临床诊断时多为疾病晚期(Ⅲ~Ⅳ期),并常伴有B症状。成人患者,推荐采取放疗,同时辅以联合化疗;儿童患者病程类似Burkitt淋巴瘤,治疗方案一般使用高强度的治疗淋巴母细胞白血病或Burkitti淋巴瘤的方案。高危ALCL、复发难治ALCL可应用CD30单克隆抗体和ALK蛋白抑制剂等。临床上报道较少,对其认识仍有不足。近年来虽然对ALCL的研究取得了显著的进展,但至今尚未形成成熟规范的治疗方案。未来研究有望最终寻找到ALCL的最优化治疗方案。现就其在免疫和遗传学、形态学、临床表现、治疗和预后等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

末次冰期以来北海道、萨哈林岛及亚洲东北部落叶松林演变史

萨哈林岛（库叶岛）和北海道的末次冰期沉积丰富的落叶松花粉,为了搞清楚落叶松花粉百分比和实际森林密度的关系,我们系统地分析了从苔原,森林苔原以及泰加林的表土样品,根据孢粉资料恢复了两个岛屿3万年以来的植被和气候,两个岛上3万年前后 以云杉与落叶松共生的森林为主,松和冷杉现在比现代相对较冷和干的气候条件下,萨哈林在末次冰盛期的草原和泰加林主要由落叶松和松组成,和现在西伯利亚东北部的泰加林相似,在北海道末次冰盛期的草原和泰加林主要由落叶松,松以及云杉组成,气候更加干冷,在新仙女木期森林苔原分布到中萨哈林岛,而北海道的草原和泰加林以落叶松为主,气候可能比末次冰盛期还要冷,在1万年前两个岛的落叶松含量都开始下降,6000年前在北海道消失,萨哈林岛的落叶松则残存至今。     

An Overview of a Wide Range of Functions of ZnT and Zip Zinc Transporters in the Secretory Pathway

Zinc plays essential roles in the early secretory pathway for a number of secretory, membrane-bound, and endosome/lysosome-resident enzymes. It enables the enzymes to fold properly and become functional, by binding as a structural or catalytic component. Moreover, zinc secreted from the secretory vesicles/granules into the extracellular space has a pivotal role as a signaling molecule for various physiological functions. Zinc transporters of the Slc30a/ZnT and Slc39a/Zip families play crucial roles in these functions, mediating zinc influx to and efflux from the lumen of the secretory pathway, constitutively or in a cell-specific manner. This paper reviews current knowledge of the ways these two zinc transporters perform these tasks by manipulating zinc homeostasis in the secretory pathway. Recent questions concerning zinc released into the cytoplasm from the secretory pathway, which then functions as an intracellular signaling molecule, are also briefly reviewed, emphasizing zinc transporter functions.     

Fluid-like chromatin: Toward understanding the real chromatin organization present in the cell

Eukaryotic chromatin is a negatively charged polymer consisting of genomic DNA, histones, and various nonhistone proteins. Because of its highly charged character, the structure of chromatin varies greatly depending on the surrounding environment (i.e. cations etc.): from an extended 10-nm fiber, to a folded 30-nm fiber, to chromatin condensates/liquid-droplets. Over the last ten years, newly developed technologies have drastically shifted our view on chromatin from a static regular structure to a more irregular and dynamic one, locally like a fluid. Since no single imaging (or genomics) method can tell us everything and beautiful images (or models) can fool our minds, comprehensive analyses based on many technical approaches are important to capture actual chromatin organization inside the cell. Here we critically discuss our current view on chromatin and methodology used to support the view.