兰索拉唑与奥美拉唑对胃溃疡患者氧化应激水平和内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨兰索拉唑(LAN)与奥美拉唑(OME)治疗胃溃疡的临床效果及对患者血浆氧化应激水平和血管内皮功能的影响。方法:选取我院2014年1月~2016年10月收治的138例胃溃疡患者,按照随机数字表法均分为LAN组和OME组,并选取我院同期69例健康体检者为对照组。对照组不用任何药物,LAN组予以LAN治疗,OME组给予OME治疗。记录比较LAN组和OME组的临床疗效、Hp根除率及胃镜疗效;对照组与LAN组、OME组两组治疗前后血浆氧化应激指标、血管内皮功能指标水平;并评价LAN组与OME组的用药安全性。结果:总疗程结束后,LAN组总有效率、Hp根除率分别为94.2%、89.9%,较OME组(91.3%、87.0%)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经4个疗程后,LAN组胃镜总有效率为95.7%,明显高于OME组的85.5%(P0.05)。与对照组相比,LAN组、OME组治疗前血浆MDA、ET-1水平均显著上升(P0.01),SOD、NO水平均显著降低(P0.01)。与本组治疗前对比,LAN组、OME组治疗后血浆MDA、SOD、NO及ET-1水平均显著改善(P0.01),且LAN组治疗后各血浆因子水平改善效果均显著优于OME组(P0.01)。结论:LAN治疗胃溃疡改善患者临床症状、根除Hp的效果及安全性与OME相当,但LAN更能有效降低机体的氧化应激水平,调节血管内皮功能,促进溃疡愈合。     

基于主体功能区划的湖南省生态系统服务供需关系演变

生态系统服务供需关系研究是自然资源开发和生态环境保护空间差异化管控的重要依据,基于主体功能区划视角的研究对构建生态安全格局、促进区域经济可持续发展具有重要意义。以湖南省各县域为研究单元构建湖南省生态系统服务供需评估指数,运用ESSD系数、局部空间自相关等方法,将湖南省主体功能区划实施前（2006-2011年）和实施后（2012-2017年）两个时间段作对比,分析生态系统服务供需关系的时空变化及空间相关性特征。研究结果表明：（1）主体功能区划政策对湖南省有效保护生态系统,稳定供需关系产生积极导向作用。（2）湖南省生态系统服务供需系数存在显著的空间异质性,始终呈现西高东低的空间分布特征。各类功能区的生态系统服务供需关系存在较大差异,重要开发区主要表现为供不应求,重要生态功能区主要表现为供过于求,农产品主产区主要表现为供需均衡。（3）湖南省生态系统服务供需关系空间负相关性增强,生态系统服务供需空间平衡性差异加剧。     

Effects of biodiversity,stand factors and functional identity on biomass and productivity during the restoration of subtropical forests in Central China

恢复梯度上华中亚热带森林生物多样性、林分因子及功能特性对生物量、生产力的影响 草地群落上进行的控制实验大都发现生物多样性对生态系统功能有显著促进作用。然而,在天然林中,多样性与林分因子、群落功能特性的相对作用大小仍存在争议。本文在森林恢复梯度上,研究这3类因素对生物量和生产力的相对影响。我们在湖北神农架设置了处于不同恢复阶段的24块(600 m²)亚热 带森林样地,计算了林分生物量和生产力。选择5个关键的植物功能性状,并计算了群落的功能多样性(功能丰富度、功能均匀度和功能离散度)和性状的加权平均值(CWM)。使用一般线性模型(GLMs)、变异分离等方法探究林分因子(密度、林龄、群落最大树高等)、功能特性、物种和功能多样性对生物量和生产力的相对重要性。研究结果表明,随着森林恢复,林分生物量和生产力显著增加,群落物种丰富度显著增加,而功能离散度显著降低。变异分离结果表明,多样性对生物量和生产力的单独效应不显著,但可能通过与林分因子和功能特性的协同效应来影响生物量和生产力。总体而言,我们发现林分因子对亚热带森林生物量和生产力的影响最大,功能特性显著影响生产力,但不影响生物量。这些结果说明,在森林经营中,调整林分结构和群落物种特性是提高森林碳储量和固碳潜力的有效途径。     

Habitat attribute similarities reduce impacts of land‐use conversion on seed removal

Changes in land use strongly influence habitat attributes (e.g., herbaceous ground cover and tree richness) and can consequently affect ecological functions. Most studies have focused on the response of these ecological functions to land‐use changes within only a single vegetation type. These studies have often focused solely on agricultural conversion of forests, making it nearly impossible to draw general conclusions across other vegetation types or with other land‐use changes (e.g., afforestation). We examined the consequences of agricultural conversion for seed removal by ants in native grassland, savanna, and savanna‐forest habitats that had been transformed to planted pastures (Brachiaria decumbens) and tree plantations (Eucalyptus spp.) and explored if changes in seed removal were correlated with differences in habitat attributes between habitat types. We found that land‐use changes affected seed removal across the tree cover gradient and that the magnitude of impact was influenced by similarity in habitat attributes between native and converted habitats, being greater where there was afforestation (Eucalyptus spp in grassland and savanna). Herbaceous ground cover, soil hardness, and tree richness were the most important habitat attributes that correlated with differences in seed removal. Our results reveal that the magnitude of impact of land‐use changes on seed removal varies depending on native vegetation type and is associated with the type of habitat attribute change. Our findings have implications for biodiversity in tropical grassy systems: afforestation can have a greater detrimental impact on ecological function than tree loss.     

Protective effects of irisin on hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes: Role of AMPK pathway and mitochondrial protection

Recent evidence has verified the cardioprotective actions of irisin in different diseases models. However, the beneficial action of irisin on hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury under high glucose stress has not been described. Herein our research investigated the influence of irisin on HR-triggered cardiomyocyte death under high glucose stress. HR model was established in vitro under high glucose treatment. The results illuminated that HR injury augmented apoptotic ratio of cardiomyocyte under high glucose stress; this effect could be abolished by irisin via modulating mitochondrial function. Irisin treatment attenuated cellular redox stress, improved cellular ATP biogenetics, sustained mitochondria potential, and impaired mitochondrion-related cell death. At the molecular levels, irisin treatment activated the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the latter protected cardiomyocyte and mitochondria against HR injury under high glucose stress. Altogether, our results indicated a novel role of irisin in HR-treated cardiomyocyte under high glucose stress. Irisin-activated AMPK pathway and the latter sustained cardiomyocyte viability and mitochondrial function.     

Relationship between mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women and thyroid function: A meta-analysis

BackgroundPregnant women are among the key groups in iodine nutrition evaluation. The purpose of the present study was to summarize the evidence supporting the relationship between mild iodine deficiency (UIC: 100–150 μg/L) in pregnant women and levels of thyroid function tests.MethodsThis review follows the guidelines for systematic reviews (PRISMA 2020). Three electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, and Embase) were searched for relevant publications in English on the association between mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women and thyroid function. Articles published in Chinese were searched in China’s electronic databases (CNKI, WanFang, CBM, and WeiPu). Pooled effects were presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using fixed or random effect models, respectively. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42019128120.ResultsWe summarized the results from 7 articles with 8261 participants. The overall pooled results showed that the levels of FT₃, FT4, and abnormal TgAb (the antibody levels exceeded the upper limit of the reference range) were significantly increased in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency compared to pregnant women with adequate iodine status (FT₃: SMD=0.854, 95% CI: 0.188, 1.520; FT₄: SMD=0.550, 95% CI: 0.050, 1.051; TgAb: OR=1.292, 95% CI: 1.095; 1.524). Subgroup analysis was carried out on the sample size, ethnicity, country, and gestation of FT₃, FT_4, and TSH, but no plausible factor was found. Egger’s tests indicated no publication bias.The increase in FT₃ and FT_4, as well as TgAb levels, in pregnant women is associated with mild iodine deficiency.ConclusionMild iodine deficiency is associated with an increase in FT_3,FT₄ and TgAb levels in pregnant women. Mild iodine deficiency may increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women.     

Development of distylous flowers and investment of biomass in male and female function in Palicourea padifolia (Rubiaceae)

Knowledge of developmental pathways for achieving differences in style and anther heights, in concert with those of ancillary features accompanied with data in regard to biomass investment to male and female function, provide an excellent opportunity for examining the developmental correlations between primary and ancillary floral traits so as to understand the evolution of heterostyly. The ontogenetic relationships between bud length and anther height and between bud length and style height, and between bud length versus bud width, anther length, and number of pollen grains per anther for long-styled (LS) and short-styled (SS) morphs of P. PADIFOLIA are described. We also described the ontogenetic biomass allocation to male and female function and to corolla with elongation of buds harvested at regular intervals. We observed an early termination of stylar growth in SS buds, whereas LS styles steadily increased in size. Morph differences for relative growth rates were significant for anther height, anther length, and pollen number but not for bud width. Bud width and anther length had a negative allometric relationship with bud elongation. The relationship between bud length and number of pollen grains per anther was positive and morph differences in pollen number were detected at later stages of development. An increase in corolla mass involved a disproportionate allocation to the female function in SS flowers and male allocation was similar for the two morphs over the course of development. Our results are consistent with theoretical and empirical data for distylous species with an approach herkogamous ancestor, and with the more general hypothesis of ontogenetic lability of heterostyly, in which morph differences in style and anther heights are achieved in various ways. Variations observed in sexual investment between floral morphs suggest differences in sex expression during flower development.     

Restoring ecological balance to the British mammal fauna

• 1 The mammal fauna of the British Isles has seen major perturbations since the end of the last ice age, some natural and some anthropogenic. Today, 61 species of terrestrial mammals breed in the British Isles, but only 39 of them are native species, the rest have been introduced. Furthermore, 19 native species have disappeared from the fauna including all the large predators, lynx Lynx lynx, wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos.
• 2 Inevitably, these changes in species composition have been accompanied by major changes in community function including changes in patterns of energy flow through the mammalian community. For example, a high percentage of all the energy now flows through the introduced rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus population and red deer Cervus elaphus, which, in the absence of natural predators, are living at extremely high densities.
• 3 Could the reintroduction of species help to reverse such changes in community structure and function? The successful return to the wild of species such as the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx and beaver Castor fiber has shown that reintroductions are certainly possible. However, the impact on community function of returned species is more difficult to evaluate.
• 4 This question is addressed in relation to the consequences for deer populations of any possible reintroduction of the wolf to Scotland. Based on what we know of wolves elsewhere, predictions are made about the likely demography and patterns of killing behaviour of introduced wolves. These values are then used to parameterize a Leslie matrix simulation of the impact of wolves on contemporary populations of red deer in Scotland. The simulations suggest very strongly that wolves are very unlikely to have any significant impact on the high‐density populations of deer now living in the Scottish landscape.