解脂耶氏酵母脂肪酶基因lip1的克隆、密码子优化及功能表达

摘要：【目的】克隆解脂耶氏酵母（Yarrawia lipolytica）脂肪酶基因lip1,并通过密码子优化,首次实现其在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中的诱导型和组成型表达。【方法】通过PCR扩增Y. lipolytica脂肪酶基因lip1,根据P. pastoris密码子偏爱性,运用重叠延伸PCR合成改造后基因MLip1,将其分别克隆至诱导型分泌载体pPIC9K和新构建的组成型分泌载体pGAP9K上,电转至P. pastoris GS115中,G418抗性筛选得到高拷贝转化重组子,摇瓶发酵     

Identification of resistance gene analogs linked to a powdery mildew resistance locus in grapevine

Oligonucleotide primers, designed to conserved regions of nucleotide binding site (NBS) motifs within previously cloned pathogen resistance genes, were used to amplify resistance gene analogs (RGAs) from grapevine. Twenty eight unique grapevine RGA sequences were identified and subdivided into 22 groups on the basis of nucleic acid sequence-identity of approximately 70% or greater. Representatives from each group were used in a bulked segregant analysis strategy to screen for restriction fragment length polymorphisms linked to the powdery mildew resistance locus, Run1, introgressed into Vitis vinifera L. from the wild grape species Muscadinia rotundifolia. Three RGA markers were found to be tightly linked to the Run1 locus. Of these markers, two (GLP1–12 and MHD145) cosegregated with the resistance phenotype in 167 progeny tested, whereas the third marker (MHD98) was mapped to a position 2.4 cM from the Run1 locus. The results demonstrate the usefulness of RGA sequences, when used in combination with bulked segregant analysis, to rapidly generate markers tightly linked to resistance loci in crop species. Received: 2 May 2001 / Accepted: 3 August 2001     

The Role of Half-Transporters in Multidrug Resistance

ATP-binding cassette proteins comprise a superfamily of transporter proteins, a subset of which have been implicated in multidrug resistance. Although P-glycoprotein was described over 15 years ago, the recent expansion in the number of transporters identified has prompted renewed interest in the role of drug transporters in clinical drug resistance. These newly identified transporters include additional members of the MRP family, ABC2, and a new half-transporter, MXR/BCRP/ABCP1. This half-transporter confers high levels of resistance to mitoxantrone, anthracyclines, and the camptothecins SN-38 and topotecan. At 72 kDa, MXR localizes to the plasma membrane in cells which highly overexpress the protein either through gene amplification or though gene rearrangement. Future studies will be aimed at identifying an inhibitor, and attempting to translate recognition of this new transporter into a target for anticancer treatment.     

拟态弧菌溶血素基因的克隆测序与生物信息学分析

目的对拟态弧菌安徽分离株HX4(V.mimicusHX4株)的全长溶血素基因(vmh)进行克隆测序和生物信息学分析,为表达溶血素蛋白(VMH)奠定基础。方法采用PCR法扩增V.mimicusHX4菌株全长vmh基因,将其克隆至pMD18-Tvector并进行测序,应用生物信息学软件分析vmh基因的同源性及其编码蛋白的分子特征。结果V.mimicusHX4菌株vmh基因全长序列2235 bp,编码由744个氨基酸组成的分子量约为82.85 kDa的VMH蛋白。V.mimicusHX4菌株vmh基因的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列与参考株相应序列的同源性分别介于98.9%~99.1%和96.6%~97.3%。VMH蛋白N端前25个氨基酸组成信号肽,7~27位氨基酸之间存在一个跨膜区域,蛋白二级结构中无规卷曲含量最高,达39.52%,其次为α-螺旋和β-折叠,分别占25.81%和26.75%,β转角含量最低,仅占7.93%。VMH蛋白含有多个T细胞和B细胞抗原表位,同时存在T、B细胞抗原表位的区域最有可能位于肽链第86~95、193~211、419~440和459~501位区段。结论拟态弧菌VMH蛋白是一种高度保守的毒素蛋白,对HX4菌株vmh基因及其编码蛋白信息特征的了解,有助于进一步表达VMH蛋白。     

Firmicutes is an Important Component of Microbial Communities in Water-Injected and Pristine Oil Reservoirs,Western Siberia,Russia

The dominant microbial components of fluids from wells in pristine and water-injected, high-temperature, Western Siberian oil fields, were analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Particular emphasis was placed on sulphate-reducing organisms, due to their ecological and industrial importance. Bacterial phylotypes obtained from the non-water-injected Stolbovoye oil field were more diverse than those from the Samotlor field, which is subject to secondary oil recovery by reinjection of recycled production water. The majority of phylotypes from both sites were related to Firmicutes. The low similarity to their closest relatives indicates unique bacterial communities in deep underground production waters and crude oil. Archaeal phylotypes detected only in the Samotlor samples were represented by Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales.     

Expression, purification, and characterization of a structurally disordered and functional C-terminal autoinhibitory domain (AID) of the 70 kDa 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 (S6K1)

S6K1 is a member of the AGC subfamily of serine-threonine protein kinases, whereby catalytic activation requires dual phosphorylation of critical residues in the conserved T-loop (T229) and hydrophobic motif (HM; T389) peptide regions of its catalytic kinase domain (residues 1-398). In addition to its kinase domain, S6K1 contains a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain (AID; residues 399-502), which prevents T-loop and HM phosphorylation; and autoinhibition is relieved on multi-site Ser-Thr phosphorylation of the AID (S411, S418, T421, and S424). Interestingly, 66 of the 104 C-terminal AID amino acid residues were computer predicted to exist in structurally disordered peptide regions, begetting interest as to how such dynamics could be coupled to autoregulation. To begin addressing this issue, we developed and optimized protocols for efficient AID expression and purification. Consistent with computer predictions, aberrant mobilities in both SDS-PAGE and size-exclusion chromatography, as well as low chemical shift dispersion in (1)H-(15)N HSQC NMR spectra, indicated purified recombinant AID to be largely unfolded. Yet, trans-addition of purified AID effectively inhibited PDK1-catalyzed T-loop phosphorylation of a catalytic kinase domain construct of S6K1. Using an identical purification protocol, similar protein yields of a tetraphospho-mimic mutant AID(D(2)ED) construct were obtained; and this construct displayed only weak inhibition of PDK1-catalyzed T229 phosphorylation. Purification of the structurally 'disordered' and functional C-terminal AID and AID(D(2)ED) constructs will facilitate studies aimed to understand the role of conformational plasticity and protein phosphorylation in modulating autoregulatory domain-domain interactions.     

The PathoChip,a functional gene array for assessing pathogenic properties of diverse microbial communities

Pathogens present in the environment pose a serious threat to human, plant and animal health as evidenced by recent outbreaks. As many pathogens can survive and proliferate in the environment, it is important to understand their population dynamics and pathogenic potential in the environment. To assess pathogenic potential in diverse habitats, we developed a functional gene array, the PathoChip, constructed with key virulence genes related to major virulence factors, such as adherence, colonization, motility, invasion, toxin, immune evasion and iron uptake. A total of 3715 best probes were selected from 13 virulence factors, covering 7417 coding sequences from 1397 microbial species (2336 strains). The specificity of the PathoChip was computationally verified, and approximately 98% of the probes provided specificity at or below the species level, proving its excellent capability for the detection of target sequences with high discrimination power. We applied this array to community samples from soil, seawater and human saliva to assess the occurrence of virulence genes in natural environments. Both the abundance and diversity of virulence genes increased in stressed conditions compared with their corresponding controls, indicating a possible increase in abundance of pathogenic bacteria under environmental perturbations such as warming or oil spills. Statistical analyses showed that microbial communities harboring virulence genes were responsive to environmental perturbations, which drove changes in abundance and distribution of virulence genes. The PathoChip provides a useful tool to identify virulence genes in microbial populations, examine the dynamics of virulence genes in response to environmental perturbations and determine the pathogenic potential of microbial communities.     

小麦盐胁迫相关基因TabHLH13的克隆与分析

在对小麦全长cDNA克隆进行大规模测序及转录因子功能研究过程中,筛选到一个与盐胁迫相关的bHLH转录因子基因,将其命名为TabHLH13。TabHLH13的全长cDNA序列为1072 bp,开放阅读框为720 bp,编码一个具有240个氨基酸残基的bHLH转录因子;对TabHLH13的基因组和cDNA序列比较分析表明该基因包括5个外显子和4个内含子;同源序列分析发现,TabHLH13与来自大麦和短柄草中的bHLH蛋白序列相似性最高,分别为96.2%和90.5%;电子定位发现TabHLH13位于小麦第7同源群的7DL上;亚细胞定位结果表明,TabHLH13编码一个定位在细胞核中的蛋白;组织表达特性分析表明该基因在小麦根、茎、叶、颖壳、雌蕊和花药中均有较强的表达;半定量RT-PCR与qRT-PCR结果表明TabHLH13是一个受盐胁迫诱导表达的基因。     

苦荞锌指蛋白基因FtLSD1的克隆及其对非生物胁迫的应答

根据苦荞(Fagopyrum tataricum)花期转录组数据,分别以苦荞DNA和cDNA为模板,克隆得到1个苦荞C2C2型锌指蛋白基因FtLSD1(GenBank登录号KP252134)的DNA序列和cDNA序列,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,研究了FtLSD1基因在非生物胁迫下的表达模式。结果显示:苦荞FtLSD1基因DNA全长2 427bp,由6个外显子和5个内含子构成,符合GU-AG剪切原则;cDNA序列包含一个528bp开放阅读框,编码175个氨基酸,具有LSD1家族的典型结构域;UV-B照射和水杨酸处理均能使FtLSD1基因的表达量上升,且UV-B处理在6h达到最大,为0h(CK)的3.84倍;水杨酸处理于10h达到最大,为0h(CK)的3.44倍,而4℃冷胁迫下该基因表达量保持稳定。推测该基因可能参与苦荞抗UV-B和高浓度水杨酸等非生物胁迫的应答反应,为苦荞的抗逆性研究提供新的视角。