海南铜铁岭低地雨林蕨类植物区系及其特点

对海南铜铁岭热带低地雨林地区的蕨类植物区系进行了研究,结果表明铜铁岭共有蕨类植物117种,隶属40科、71属.含6种以上的科有水龙骨科、金星蕨科、铁角蕨科、叉蕨科、陵齿蕨科、膜蕨科和凤尾蕨科,它们是组成铜铁岭蕨类植物的优势科.根据植物的现代地理分布,本区的蕨类植物属和种的分布区类型中热带成分分别占非世界分布的95.31%和75.21%,说明了该地区蕨类植物区系与热带植物区系有着广泛的联系,热带性较强;本区蕨类植物大多数是林荫湿生或附生类型.七指蕨种群是该区珍稀蕨类植物,应该加强保护.     

蒙古国喀尔喀部蒙古族4项群体指趾遗传学特征研究

在内蒙古民族大学调查了160例(男66例,女94例)来自蒙古国的喀尔喀蒙古族留学生的拇指类型、环食指长、指甲形状、足趾长4项群体指趾遗传学特征。研究结果:1)直型拇指率为44.38%,环指长率78.13%,指甲形状长型率58.75%、方型率6.88%、扁型率34.38%,足趾类型拇趾长率35.00%;2)指甲形状出现率性别间差异具统计学意义,两两特征间均未表现出明显相关关系;3)与我国10个蒙古族族群相比,多数差异具有统计学意义。     

深圳市入侵植物区系与风险分布

外来植物入侵现象随着城市化的推进在各地愈演愈烈,严重影响城市的生态系统稳定和社会经济发展。在深圳陆域优势植被普查的基础上开展,对深圳全市的入侵植物分布、来源、入侵途径、风险等进行调查分析,为深圳的入侵植物防治提供技术支撑。基础数据采用高分辨率遥感影像与地面实地观察结合的方法普查得到;并通过文献分析法对植物种类基础数据按研究要求进行筛选、提取、分析;创新性的引入斑块入侵风险计算方法和入侵植物种群风险计算方法,经计算得出深圳市范围内的入侵植物风险分布现状与高风险入侵植物种群。结果表明：(1)参照《中国外来入侵植物名录》标准,深圳市陆域群落优势植物共有入侵植物63科200属258种,且以豆科、菊科、禾本科植物为主;其中36种为林业部门、生态环境部门、农业农村部和海关明确的官方认定且需要严格管控的入侵物种;(2)单种科和少种科占比较高,共占比87.3%,大型科虽然占比仅4.8%,却包含了共计106种,占入侵植物总种数41.1%;单种属在深圳入侵植物区系中占绝对优势,占比83.5%,远高于其他类型之和;中型属中,属种比为1∶6;(3)热带区系属性非常明显,热带分布科共计35科,占总科数的92.1...     

Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacilli isolated from infant formulas

A total of 90 samples of infant formula (IF) were collected from the lactary of a teaching hospital, during a 4-month period from July to August 1999. The sanitary conditions of the formulas were analyzed, and a physiological characterization of Gram-negative bacillus isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Colony counts were considered to be unacceptable for the majority of the IF samples and the contamination rates were related to inadequate handling. Coliforms (35 degrees C and 45 degrees C growth) were detected in most of the IF tested. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Cedacea davisae, Klebsiella planticola and Enterobacter cloacae were the isolates most commonly identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed significant resistance rates, particularly to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cephalotin or ampicillin. One extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae strain was also recovered.     

5%甲维盐微乳剂配方的研发及药效试验

针对5%甲维盐微乳剂利用率偏低的问题,筛选了增效作用显著、安全性高且持留量好的配方。通过筛选不同溶剂、助剂与测定其药液表面张力、铺展面积、叶片最大持留量等理化性能差异,研发出5%甲维盐微乳剂最佳配方。5%甲维盐微乳剂最佳配方为：甲维盐5%、乙醇25%、环己酮5%、602 5%,快速渗透剂T 4%,环氧大豆油3%,丙三醇3%,1#乳化剂20%,去离子水补足至100.0%。所制备的制剂性能稳定,质量可靠,各指标均符合微乳剂的相关标准要求。同时,田间防治效果表明,该制剂对月季Rosa chinensis（Jacq）上蓟马具有很好防治效果,优于市售的5%甲维盐微乳剂,对农药微乳剂配方开发具有借鉴作用。     

中国轮藻植物区系研究

中国轮藻植物有13种分布区类型,其中以中国特有分布占绝对优势,其它分布类型所占比例较低,说明中国轮藻植物与其它地区轮藻植物联系较少。丽藻属有10种分布区类型,缺少温带特性的分布区类型,如北温带分布、旧世界温带分布,其它分布区类型显示丽藻属主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,而轮藻属有13种分布区类型,温带特性的分布区类型所占比例较高,如旧世界温带分布,其它分布区类型显示轮藻属主要分布在温带地区。     

Cronobacter species (formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii) in powdered infant formula: a review of our current understanding of the biology of this bacterium

Cronobacter species (formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii) are opportunistic pathogens that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteraemia and meningitis, predominantly in neonates. Infection in these vulnerable infants has been linked to the consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). Considerable research has been undertaken on this organism in the past number of years which has enhanced our understanding of this neonatal pathogen leading to improvements in its control within the PIF production environment. The taxonomy of the organism resulted in the recognition of a new genus, Cronobacter, which consists of seven species. This paper presents an up-to-date review of our current knowledge of Cronobacter species. Taxonomy, genome sequencing, current detection protocols and epidemiology are all discussed. In addition, consideration is given to the control of this organism in the manufacturing environment, as a first step towards reducing the occurrence of this pathogen in PIF.     

Structural changes of gut microbiota in a rat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model treated with a Chinese herbal formula

Accumulating evidence indicates that disruption of the gut microbiota by a high-fat diet (HFD) may play a pivotal role in the progression of metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, the structural changes of gut microbiota were analyzed in an HFD-induced NAFLD rat model during treatment with an ancient Chinese herbal formula (CHF) used in clinical practice – Qushi Huayu Fang. CHF treatment significantly reduced body weight, alleviated hepatic steatosis, and decreased the content of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the livers of the rats. Gut microbiota of treated and control rats were profiled with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and bar-coded pyrosequencing of the V3 region of 16S rRNA genes. Both analyses indicated that the CHF-treated group harbored significantly different gut microbiota from that of model rats. Partial least squares discriminant analysis and taxonomy-based analysis were further employed to identify key phylotypes responding to HFD and CHF treatment. Most notably, the genera Escherichia/Shigella, containing opportunistic pathogens, were significantly enriched in HFD-fed rats compared to controls fed normal chow (P < 0.05) but they decreased to control levels after CHF treatment. Collinsella, a genus with short chain fatty acid producers, was significantly elevated in CHF-treated rats compared to HFD-fed rats (P < 0.05). The results revealed that the bacterial profiles of HFD-induced rats could be modulated by the CHF. Elucidation of these differences in microbiota composition provided a basis for further understanding the pharmacological mechanism of the CHF.     

Quantification of Bifidobacterium spp., Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile in faecal samples of breast-fed and formula-fed infants by real-time PCR

To determine the influence of either exclusive breast-feeding or formula feeding on both composition and quantity of the gut microbiota in infants, we have developed real-time, quantitative PCR assays for the detection of Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium difficile. Furthermore, we have monitored the prevalence and counts of Escherichia coli by applying a previously described real-time PCR assay. We found all 100 infants tested to be colonized by Bifidobacterium spp. The bifidobacterial counts were comparable between the 50 breast-fed and 50 formula-fed infants with median values of 10.56 log10 and 10.24 log10 CFU g(-1) wet weight faeces, respectively. C. difficile was detected in 14% of the breast-fed and 30% of the formula-fed infants. In addition, the C. difficile counts were significantly lower in breast-fed infants than in the formula-fed group (median values of 3.28 log10 and 7.43 log10 CFU g(-1), respectively; p=0.03). The prevalence of E. coli in the breast-fed and formula-fed group was 80% and 94%, respectively. Also, the E. coli counts in colonized infants was significantly lower in the breast-fed infants than in the formula-fed group (median values of 9.11 log10 and 9.57 log10 CFU g(-1), respectively; p=0.004). We conclude that the prevalence and counts of C. difficile as well as E. coli are significantly lower in the gut microbiota of breast-fed infants than in that of formula-fed infants, whereas the prevalence and counts of Bifidobacterium spp. is similar among both groups.     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.