超声引导下动静脉内瘘球囊扩张术疗效及通畅率影响因素分析

摘要 目的：观察超声引导下动静脉内瘘球囊扩张术疗效及通畅率的影响因素。方法：选择2018年6月-2020年12月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院行超声引导下自体动静脉内瘘球囊扩张患者230例作为研究对象,根据患者术前血镁水平将患者为低镁血症组87例、正常及高镁血症组143例。分析患者一般人口学资料、术前实验室检查及超声记录指标,随访预后疗效。结果：手术技术成功率98.12 %,平均随访443±100天。两组术后3个月的血管内径与透析血流量高于术前,正常及高镁血症组高于低镁血症组（P<0.05）。术后3个月正常及高镁血症组的总有效率高于低镁血症组（P<0.05）。正常及高镁血症组术后3个月、6个月与1年的血管通畅率分别为90.9 %、77.62 %、67.83 %,明显高于低镁血症组的80.46 %、64.37 %、51.72 %（P<0.05）。COX多因素分析影响随访血管1年通畅率的因素主要为镁、血管内径、肱动脉血流量、年龄等（P<0.05）。结论：超声引导下动静脉内瘘球囊扩张术对自体动静脉内瘘狭窄或血栓具有很好的效果,低镁血症、血管内径、肱动脉血流量是影响血管通畅率的重要因素。     

急诊介入栓塞治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘大咯血的效果

目的:观察急诊介入栓塞治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘大咯血患者的疗效,分析栓塞剂的选择及合理应用,为临床研究提供参考。方法:30例支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘大咯血患者采用急诊介入造影检查,使用丙烯酸微球和明胶海绵条对出血动脉行急诊栓塞治疗,对动脉造影表现及治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果:共找到并成功栓塞42支出血的支气管动脉,28支采用单独丙烯酸微球栓塞治疗,14支行丙烯酸微球与明胶海绵条联合栓塞治疗。栓塞术后随访1年,所有患者栓塞术后均无再次咯血及严重并发症出现。结论:急诊动脉栓塞治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘大咯血是一种安全、有效的微创治疗手段。合理的选择和使用栓塞剂是确保栓塞治疗成功的的关键。     

覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的临床疗效

目的：探讨采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的,临床价值及其安全性。方法：6例经碘水造影检查证实的食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘患者,植入覆膜支架后,持续性胸腔引流,抗感染治疗。结果：6例患者共植入7枚支架,支架展开良好,1枚移位。有效率6／7（86％）。置入覆膜支架后,既封堵了瘘口又解决了进食问题,控制了感染。结论：采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘具有较高的临床价值及安全性。     

Anatomical basis for the mobility of the esophagus: implications for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

We present autopsy data from a patient that illustrates the anatomical factors that allow the esophagus to be a mobile structure, especially with respect to the posterior left atrial wall.     

护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用及效果

目的：探讨护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用及效果。方法：将179例患者分为对照组和观察组,分别给予 常规护理和综合护理,观察护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用效果。结果：对照组术后3 d内5例患者发生吻合 口瘘,3例患者术后4-7 d发生吻合口瘘;观察组术后3 d内1例患者发生吻合口瘘,1例患者术后4-7 d发生吻合口瘘,两组吻合 口发生率差异有统计学意义（x2=3.880,P＜0.05）。经过护理和治疗后,观察组患者吻合口瘘愈合时间明显短于对照组（t=4.026,P＜ 0.05）。对照组SAS 阳性率69.23%,观察组50.00%,二者之间具有统计学差异（x2=5.186,P＜0.05）;对照组SDS阳性率61.54%,观 察组40.00%,二者之间具有统计学差异（x2=4.978,P＜0.05）。结论：合理有效的综合护理措施可以减少吻合口瘘和医患矛盾的发 生,提高患者对治疗的满意度,促进医患关系的和谐。     

Novel insights into interactions between mitochondria and xanthine oxidase in acute cardiac volume overload

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is increased in the left ventricle (LV) of humans with volume overload (VO), and mitochondrial inhibition of the respiratory chain occurs in animal models of VO. Because mitochondria are both a source and a target of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, we hypothesized that activation of XOR and mitochondrial dysfunction are interdependent. To test this we used the aortocaval fistula (ACF) rat model of VO and a simulation of the stretch response in isolated adult cardiomyocytes with and without the inhibitor of XOR, allopurinol, or the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant MitoQ. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was increased in cardiomyocytes from ACF vs sham rats (24h) without an increase in XO protein. A twofold increase in LV end-diastolic pressure/wall stress and a decrease in LV systolic elastance with ACF were improved when allopurinol treatment (100mg/kg) was started at ACF induction. Subsarcolemmal State 3 mitochondrial respiration was significantly decreased in ACF and normalized by allopurinol. Cardiomyocytes subjected to 3h cyclical stretch resulted in an increase in XO activity and mitochondrial swelling, which was prevented by allopurinol or MitoQ pretreatment. These studies establish an early interplay between cardiomyocyte XO activation and bioenergetic dysfunction that may provide a new target that prevents progression to heart failure in VO.     

18 例维吾尔族膀胱阴道瘘临床分析

目的:探讨维吾尔族膀胱阴道瘘的病因、诊断及治疗措施。方法:对2006年6月～2011年6月新疆自治区人民医院泌尿外科经美兰试验和膀胱镜检查确诊的18例维吾尔族膀胱阴道瘘患者的病历资料进行回顾性的临床分析。17例患者行瘘修补术,其中12例(70.59%)经腹修补,5例(29.41%)经阴道修补。1例患者行双侧输尿管经皮造瘘术。结果:18例患者中,16例1次修补成功,1例2次修补后成功。术后随访1至12个月无复发。结论:阴道分娩难产在维吾尔族膀胱阴道瘘患者中最为多见,根据患者全身情况、瘘道大小及位置选择合适的手术路径,术前充分准备,术后严格管理,大大提高手术成功率。     

Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of congenital solitary coronary artery fistulas in adults: Dutch case series and review of literature

Background

Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are infrequent anomalies, coincidentally detected during coronary angiography (CAG).

Aim

To elucidate the currently used diagnostic imaging modalities and applied therapeutic approaches.

Materials and Methods

Five Dutch patients were found to have CAFs. A total of 170 reviewed subjects were subdivided into two comparable groups of 85 each, treated with either percutaneous ‘therapeutic’ embolisation (PTE group) or surgical ligation (SL group).

Results

In our series, the fistulas were visualised with several diagnostic imaging tests using echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography, and CAG. Four fistulas were unilateral and one was bilateral; five originated from the left and one originated from the right coronary artery. Among the reviewed subjects, high success rates were found in both treatment groups (SL: 97% and PTE: 93%). Associated congenital or acquired cardiovascular disorders were frequently present in the SL group (23%). Bilateral fistulas were present in 11% of the SL group versus 1% of the PTE group. The fistula was ligated surgically in one and abolished percutaneously in another. Medical treatment including metoprolol was conducted in two, and watchful waiting follow-up was performed in one.

Conclusions

Several diagnostic imaging techniques are available for assessment of the anatomical and functional characteristics of CAFs.