钟形斑褶菇的生理特性和子实体的培养研究

首次报道了钟形褶菇的苗种分离、菌丝体生理特性和栽培技术。钟形斑褶菇菌丝具有明显的锁状联合。菌丝生长适宜的温度是１０～４０℃,最适为２０～２５℃;适宜的ｐＨ范围是４．５～１３,最适为６～８．５;培养料适宜的含水量为４５％～７５％,最适为６５％～７０％;最佳的Ｃ源是：淀粉、蔗糖、纤维素;酵母粉、干酪素、硫酸铵、硝酸铵为最佳氮源。麦芽、麸皮、松针、干平菇、小麦、牛粪等天然材料的热水提取物对菌丝生长有利。子实体形成的温度范围为 ２０～３５℃,最适宜的温度范围应为２４～３０℃,正常的出菇季节为４～９月;最适宜的空气相对湿度应为７０％～８５％;子实体具有向光性、负向地性。栽培出菇的培养料为牛粪粉、草粉、麸皮及食用菌栽培的废料。瓶、袋栽均可,干物质生物学效率２％～５％。新鲜木屑、棉籽壳不适宜菌丝生长和出菇。说明该菌是草腐生菌物。子实体可直接在培养料上形成,出菇不需要覆刺激。     

Semen characteristics of Muturu Bulls--Bos brachyceros

Six mature Muturu Bulls were elecroejaculated once a week for nine weeks to study their semen quality and ejaculate characteristics. The semen volume was 1.8 ml +/- 0.1, the sperm concentration 2.16 x 10(8)/ml +/- 0.29, and the progressive sperm motility 36.2% +/- 2.6. Morphologically normal sperm averaged 70.0% +/- 3.1, primary abnormalities 13.4% +/- 1.0 and secondary abnormalities 15.1% +/- 2.3. Except in one bull, no measurable levels of fructose were observed. The contents of major cations and chloride ions in whole semen and seminal plasma were also determined.     

Cd对桑叶品质,生理生化特性的影响及其机理研究

土壤中不同浓度的Ｃｄ对桑叶产量、品质、生理生化特性的影响以及Ｃｄ在桑叶亚细胞各组分中分布量的研究表明,当土壤Ｃｄ浓度小于２２．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时,桑叶产量、可溶性糖和含氯化合物含量高于或接近对照;桑叶叶绿素含量、细胞膜透性和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶及蛋白酶的活性无明显影响或有促进．当土壤Ｃｄ浓度大于２２．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时,Ｃｄ对桑叶产量、营养物质含量、生理生化作用的影响随之明显,并表现其毒害作用．根据Ｃｄ在桑叶亚细胞组分中的分布规律．对其影响机理进行了探讨,说明桑树是一种具有一定耐Ｃｄ性的经济作物．因此,可利用其耐Ｃｄ性,在被Ｃｄ污染土地上种植桑树．     

Sclerotesta morphology and its systematic implications in magnoliaceous seeds

Seeds of 101 species from 14 genera were observed using stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy. Sclerotesta morphology is stable within the genera of Magnoliaceae. Two different morphological types are described according to features of the chalazal region, which have great value in classification and have been found only in Magnoliaceae. One is the pore type, characterized by being simple, observed in the relatively primitive taxa of this family, including Manglietia, Pachylarnax, Magnolia (19 species), Aromadendron, Talauma (eight species), Parakmeria (one species), Kmeria (one species), Elmerrillia and Liriodendron . The other one is the tube type, which is characterized by having a more complex structure consisting of a central hollow tube contained within a hole. This type was observed in relatively advanced taxa, including Manglietiastrum, Magnolia (15 species), Talauma (three species), Parakmeria (four species), Kmeria (one species), Alcimandra, Michelia, Paramichelia and Tsoongiodendron . Transitional types between these two were observed in some species of Magnolia . Chalazal region morphology, together with other useful sclerotesta characters, including seed size, shape, the raphal sinus and the external surface of the sclerotesta, may be used as diagnostic characteristics of genera, and even species in Magnoliaceae. A key to identify the different genera is supplied.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 142 , 407–424.     

基于卫星遥感数据的黄淮海地区植被覆盖时空变化特征

利用1982—2003年GIMMS NDVI遥感数据,在进行合成、重采样和时间序列滤波处理的基础上,采用线性趋势分析、经验正交函数分解等方法,对中国黄淮海地区植被覆盖的时空特征进行了研究。结果表明:22年来黄淮海地区植被覆盖总体上呈略微增加的趋势,且该区域生长季有提前和延长的趋势;黄淮海大部分地区植被活动在增强的同时,局部地区出现了植被退化现象;从季节变化上看,春季上升和夏季下降趋势明显;林地为主的自然植被、草甸类自然植被和所有农业植被未变化类别占主导地位,而草原植被则以增加趋势为主。主要生长季的NDVI距平EOF分析表明,第1模态的主要特征是区域中间、北部和南端为正,四周为负变化;第2模态的主要特征是从东南向西北由正到负变化且正值区明显偏多;第3模态从东南向西北呈现"正-负-正"的空间分布,其中负值区大部分为以林地为主的自然植被区和一年一熟农业植被,正值区大部分为农耕区和草原牧区,该模态大致反映了农牧区和林区的NDVI分布型。     

生产力调控对翌年苹果园土壤水分和苹果叶片光合特性的影响

以盛果期‘长枝富士’为试验材料, 以生产力调控翌年苹果(Malus pumila)树坐果期为主要观测期, 对不同生产力水平下果园土壤水分状况及苹果叶片光合特性进行了研究。结果表明: 在生产力调控范围内, 土壤剖面各个层次土壤含水量均随着生产力水平的减小而增加, 其中在60 cm处达到最大增量, 为31.02%; 而在600 cm范围内土壤贮水量最大能够提高15.41%。随着生产力水平的降低, “光合午休”现象减弱, 净光合速率(P_n)增加, 最大增幅为25.71%, 下午时段的蒸腾速率(T_r)下降迅速, 水分利用效率(WUE)最大提高34.12%。通过相关分析表明, 土壤贮水量(WSC)与P_n、T_r、WUE之间均达到显著相关, 其相关系数分别为: 0.973^**、-0.543^*和0.992^**。土壤贮水量(x)与水分利用效率(y)之间符合y = 0.002 3x - 1.480 6, R²= 0.984 4^**的回归模型。通过生产力调控可以改善土壤水分状况和果树光合能力, 提高WUE。     

不同施氮水平下灌水量对小麦水分利用特征和产量的影响

在田间高产条件下,研究了不同施氮水平［180 kg·hm^-2（N₁₈₀）和240 kg·hm^-2（N₂₄₀）］下灌水量对小麦耗水特征和旗叶水分生理特性及产量的影响.结果表明：不灌水的W₀处理100 cm以下土层的土壤贮水消耗量低于各灌水处理,W₁（灌底墒水60 mm）和W₂（灌底墒水和拔节水各60 mm）处理100～200 cm土层和0~200 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量高于W₃（灌底墒水、拔节水和开花水各60 mm）处理;N₂₄₀处理0～80 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量、开花至成熟阶段耗水模系数和农田耗水量高于N_180. W₂和W₃处理灌浆中后期旗叶相对含水量和水势高于W₀和W₁处理;灌浆后期旗叶相对含水量和水势为N₂₄₀W₀和N₂₄₀W₁处理分别高于N₁₈₀W₀和N₁₈₀W₁处理,N₂₄₀W₂和N₂₄₀W₃处理与N₁₈₀W₂和N₁₈₀W₃处理之间无显著差异.施氮180 kg·hm^-2,底墒水和拔节水分别灌60 mm的W₂处理籽粒产量、水分和氮素利用效率高,农田耗水量较低;增加灌水量,籽粒产量无显著变化,农田耗水量增高,土壤贮水消耗量、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率和灌溉效益降低.     

Drought-resistant physiological characteristics of four shrub species in arid valley of Minjiang River, China

The formation of 161 km-long arid valley (170 km²) of Mingjiang River is attributed to the effect of foehn. The arid valley presents harsh conditions for the growth of vegetation, which include higher annual evaporation and transpiration rate (1400–2000 mm), lower annual precipitation rate (400–700 mm), steep slope, and infertile soils. Although the vegetation is dominated by xerophilous bushes and grasses, it plays a significant role in soil and water conservation in watershed and provides important references in the arid valley as it is very difficult to grow trees. Drought-resistant physiological characteristics of four native species, i.e., Sophora davidiana, Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla, Convolvulus tragacanthoides, and Artemisia gmelinii, have been measured. It was found that the content of chlorophyll, free proline and soluble sugars showed an increase, whereas evaporation ratio, WSD, RWC and cytolemma osmosis showed a decrease under drought stress. Integrated assessment of the four species indicated that the integrated drought resistance index was the highest in July (0.507), followed by September, August and June, whereas it was the lowest in May (0.442). The result provided a basis for vegetation restoration, especially it improved survival of planted species in May and June when plant species exhibit the weakest drought resistance.     

结核性脑膜脑炎并结核性脊髓炎的2例临床分析

目的：总结结核性脑膜脑炎并结核性脊髓炎的临床特点、治疗方法及预后。方法：对2例结核性脑膜脑炎并结核性脊髓炎患者的临床资料、实验室检查、影像学资料、组织病理学、治疗方法及预后进行分析。结果：2例患者均有头痛、颅神经麻痹、脑膜刺激征、双下肢乏力、感觉障碍;脑脊液中蛋白明显升高;MRI检查显示有脑膜强化、颅内强化灶及相应节段脊髓肿胀;全身抗痨联合鞘内注射异烟肼和地塞米松治疗有效。结论：结核性脑膜脑炎患者如出现脊髓受损表现或脑脊液蛋白明显增高,而腰穿压力正常或降低等应考虑合并结核性脊髓炎的可能性。早期全身抗痨联合鞘内给药疗效确切。     

遮光处理对草珊瑚光合特性及叶片解剖结构的影响

为探索遮光处理对草珊瑚光合特性及叶片解剖结构的影响,为草珊瑚的科学栽培提供理论依据。该研究以2年生草珊瑚为材料,设置全光照(L_0)及50%(L_(50))、70%(L_(70))和90%(L_(90))遮光处理,测定分析其光合特性和叶片解剖结构以及植株生长的变化。结果表明:(1)随着遮光率的增加,草珊瑚叶面光合有效辐射(PAR)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)逐渐减小,胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)先减少后增加,净光合速率(P_n)先增加后减少,并在L_(50)和L_(70)处理下具有较低的PAR、G_s、T_r和C_i,光合‘午休’现象得到有效缓解,表现出更高的P_n。(2)随着遮光率的增加,草珊瑚光补偿点(LCP)逐渐下降,光饱和点(LSP)、暗呼吸速率(R_d)先升高后下降,表观量子效率(AQE)逐渐上升,叶片最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))先升高后下降,并在L_(50)和L_(70)处理下具有较低的LCP,较高的LSP和AQE,以及更高的最大净光合速率。(3)随着遮光率的增加,草珊瑚叶片、表皮细胞、栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度明显增加,角质层厚度逐渐变薄;在L_(50)和L_(70)处理下,草珊瑚叶片栅栏组织和海绵组织发达,栅栏组织细胞长度变短,海绵组织厚度显著增加,细胞排列疏松,叶绿体数量显著增加;叶肉细胞和叶绿体结构完整,基粒类囊体和基质类囊体片层结构发达,叶片捕获光能力增强。(4)随着遮光率的增加,草珊瑚株高、地径、总叶面积数及单株生物量先增加后减少,并在L_(70)处理下均达到峰值,分别为58.58 cm、5.09 mm、1 038.53 cm~2和15.50 g。研究认为,草珊瑚具有一定的弱光耐受力和光可塑性,50%～70%遮光处理有利于草珊瑚生长,在实际生产中可根据该光照范围选择合适的间套作林分或进行适当的遮光处理。