连作对丹参生长的障碍效应

通过对1～4年不同连作年限地块丹参生长发育情况进行的连续调查分析,结果表明,连作严重危害丹参生长,主要表现在6～9月,丹参生长期的枯苗率大幅度上升,地上、地下部生长量下降,根系数量、直径和长度减小,产世降低。同时由于有效成分含量降低,根系外观畸形,造成商品率下降,从而影响丹参质量。通过对土壤pH测定发现．丹参连作障碍可能与土壤酸性增加有关。     

抗真菌感染新药研究进展

随着免疫功能缺陷人群的增多,侵袭性真菌感染（invasive fungal infections,IFIs）的发病率和死亡率逐年上升,严重威胁人类健康。目前临床常用抗侵袭性真菌感染药物有三唑类（氟康唑）、多烯类（两性霉素B）、棘白菌素类（卡泊芬净）等,然而这些药物并不能满足临床需要,侵袭性真菌感染的死亡率仍居高不下。因此,本文着重于目前处于临床研究阶段的抗真菌感染新药,根据作用靶点不同依次介绍：作用于细胞壁的新型葡聚糖合成酶抑制剂CD101和SCY-078、几丁质合成酶抑制剂尼可霉素Z、GPI锚定蛋白抑制剂APX001;作用于细胞膜的CYP51抑制剂VT-1161和VT-1129、破坏细胞膜通透性药物CAmB;影响细胞代谢的嘧啶合成抑制剂F901318,以及生物制剂包括细胞表面凝集素样序列3蛋白疫苗（NDV-3）和抗真菌感染抗体Mycograb。本文主要综述了上述新药的研究进展,包括作用机制、体内外活性、临床研究结果等,为相关药物的研发与未来的临床应用提供参考。     

抗埃博拉病毒药物研究近期动态

对抗埃博拉病毒新药的近期研究成果以及业界提出或可用于治疗埃博拉出血热的已上市药物进行总结归纳,旨在为抗埃博拉病毒药物的进一步开发及埃博拉出血热治疗方案的探索提供参考。     

Diclofenac-induced stimulation of SMCT1 (SLC5A8) in a heterologous expression system: A RPE specific phenomenon

SMCT1 is a Na⁺-coupled monocarboxylate transporter expressed in a variety of tissues including kidney, thyroid, small intestine, colon, brain, and retina. We found recently that several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the activity of SMCT1. Here we evaluated the effect of diclofenac, also a NSAID, on SMCT1. SMCT1 cDNA was expressed heterologously in the human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines HRPE and ARPE-19, the human mammary epithelial cell line MCF7, and in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Transport was monitored by substrate uptake and substrate-induced currents. Na⁺-dependent uptake/current was considered as SMCT1 activity. The effect of diclofenac was evaluated for specificity, dose-response, and influence on transport kinetics. To study the specificity of the diclofenac effect, we evaluated the influence of this NSAID on the activity of several other cloned transporters in mammalian cells under identical conditions. In contrast to several NSAIDs that inhibited SMCT1, diclofenac stimulated SMCT1 when expressed in HRPE and ARPE-19 cells. The stimulation was marked, ranging from 2- to 5-fold depending on the concentration of diclofenac. The stimulation was associated with an increase in the maximal velocity of the transport system as well as with an increase in substrate affinity. The observed effect on SMCT1 was selective because the activity of several other cloned transporters, when expressed in HRPE cells and studied under identical conditions, was not affected by diclofenac. Interestingly, the stimulatory effect on SMCT1 observed in HRPE and ARPE-19 cells was not evident in MCF7 cells nor in the X. laevis expression system, indicating that SMCT1 was not the direct target for diclofenac. The RPE-specific effect suggests that the target of diclofenac that mediates the stimulatory effect is expressed in RPE cells but not in MCF7 cells or in X. laevis oocytes. Since SMCT1 is a concentrative transporter for metabolically important compounds such as pyruvate, lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and nicotinate, the stimulation of its activity by diclofenac in RPE cells has biological and clinical significance.     

Diffusional interaction behavior of NSAIDs in lipid bilayer membrane using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation: Aspirin and Ibuprofen

In this research, for the first time, molecular dynamics (MD) method was used to simulate aspirin and ibuprofen at various concentrations and in neutral and charged states. Effects of the concentration (dosage), charge state, and existence of an integral protein in the membrane on the diffusion rate of drug molecules into lipid bilayer membrane were investigated on 11 systems, for which the parameters indicating diffusion rate and those affecting the rate were evaluated. Considering the diffusion rate, a suitable score was assigned to each system, based on which, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. By calculating the effect size of the indicative parameters and total scores, an optimum system with the highest diffusion rate was determined. Consequently, diffusion rate controlling parameters were obtained: the drug–water hydrogen bond in protein-free systems and protein–drug hydrogen bond in the systems containing protein.     

海洋生物制药现状及展望

现代生物技术在制药产业中发挥了重要作用,海洋生物技术的出现和发展推动了海洋生 物药物的研究,是今后生物技术药物的发展方向。综述了生物技术在海洋药物开发中的应用,并 展望了新世纪海洋生物制药的前景。     

FS36作为新型人源Hsp90抑制剂的发现

热休克蛋白90(Hsp90)通过对几百种蛋白质底物(客户蛋白质)进行合理的折叠、成熟其构象并且激活,在肿瘤细胞的生长和繁殖中发挥重要作用．因此,Hsp90成为非常有吸引力、有前途的抗肿瘤药物靶点,并且超过20种抑制剂已经进入临床实验阶段．我们在这里设计并合成了一个小分子抑制剂：FS36．收集了Hsp90^N-FS36复合物晶体结构的X射线衍射实验数据．高分辨率X射线晶体结构表明,FS36在ATP结合位点上与Hsp90^N相互作用,并且FS36可能替代核苷酸与Hsp90^N结合．FS36和Hsp90^N的复合物晶体结构和相互作用为后期设计和优化新型抗肿瘤药物奠定基础．     

抗癫痫药物左乙拉西坦对大鼠骨骼的物理及生化指标的影响

本研究的目的是以性腺完整的动物为模型调查左乙拉西坦(LEV)是否对于骨矿物质密度、骨结构和骨代谢生化指标产生影响,探究抗癫痫药物左乙拉西坦(LEV)是否对骨骼健康存在显著风险。本研究将实验大鼠分为对照组和试验组,每组10只。对照大鼠接受标准实验室饮食(SLD),而试验组中的大鼠喂食富含LEV的实验室饮食12周,并以双能X-线吸收仪测量全身、股骨和腰椎的骨密度。在骨组织中检查骨标记的浓度,股骨和胫骨均用于生物力学测试。研究结果表明:在LEV组中,脂肪组织的绝对值和相对值显著降低,全身骨密度增高,骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、Ⅰ型胶原C末端肽(CTX-1)和Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)浓度显著增加。本研究初步得出结论:在性腺完整的大鼠模型中长期施用LEV对骨质不具有负面影响。骨矿物质密度(BMD)的显著增加可能表明LEV对骨质可能有正面影响。     

我国药物临床试验伦理审查能力建设发展趋势

我国药物临床试验的深入广泛开展,促进了药物临床试验伦理审查水平的提高,伦理审查能力建设也取得了长足进步。但我国药物临床试验伦理审查能力建设面临系统的评估标准及体系、持续性培训和信息化程度缺乏等问题。加强药物临床试验伦理审查能力建设是我国医药领域进一步推进的重要工作,也是继续探索研究的热点内容及医学伦理审查工作者的自身需求。