信息管理系统对医院药品管理规范化的作用及意义

目的：评价血清中甲状腺特异性抗体的存在对乳腺癌患病风险的影响,为评估乳腺癌的预后及制定治疗方案提供理论依据。方法：计算机检索Medline（1950~2012）、EMBASE（1949~2012）、Pubmed（1946~2012）、Current Contents Connect（1998~2012）和Google Scholar（1992~2012）等英文数据库。收集关于甲状腺特异性抗体与乳腺癌（Breast Cancer, BC）相关性分析的横断面研究或队列研究。按Cochrane 系统评价方法,评价所纳入研究的文献质量,有效数据采用RevMan5.2 软件进行系统评价。结果：最终纳入6 项研究,共计6945 例患者。系统评价结果显示：乳腺癌的风险会随血清中甲状腺特异性抗体（包括甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体anti-TPO 和甲状腺球蛋白抗体anti-TG）的存在而增加（anti-TPO OR 2.51,95%CI： 1.94-3.25;anti-TG 2.67, 95%CI： 1.65-4.33）。结论：乳腺癌的风险会随血清中甲状腺特异性抗体的存在而增加,甲状腺特异性抗体可能为乳腺癌预后的评估以及治疗原则的制定提供理论基础。     

信息管理系统对医院药品管理规范化的作用及意义

目的:目前医院信息系统在全国多家医院得到普遍使用,它不仅能提高医务工作人员的工作质量和效率,提高医疗水平,还能促进医院药品管理的规范化,在医院管理中发挥着巨大的作用。本文主要探讨医院管理信息系统对药剂管理规范化的作用及意义,为医院药品管理提供可借鉴的方法。方法:利用医院管理信息系统对我院药品的采购、领用、划价、销售及盘点等进行规范。观察并比较该系统实施前后,发药速度、划价标准、药品管理、盘点效率等方面的变化情况。结果:实行信息管理后,药物发放时间和盘点时间明显缩短,药物划价的准确性显著提高,药品浪费及采购不及时的情况明显减少,特殊药品管理和监督的力度显著加强。结论:医院管理信息系统在药剂管理方面起到了规范的作用,缩短了工作流程,提高了工作效率,减少了医患纠纷,能够促进医院的整体现代化建设,是医院药品管理规范化的有效方法。     

Serotonin receptors antagonistically modulate Caenorhabditis elegans longevity

The neurotransmitter serotonin has been implicated in affecting the variation of longevity in natural Drosophila populations and age-related diseases in mammals. Based on these observations, it has been predicted that serotonin signal, perhaps at levels of serotonin biosynthesis, may control lifespan. Here, we investigated a variety of mutations in serotonin-signal genes, including serotonin biosynthesis genes, a serotonin transporter gene, and serotonin receptor genes. Despite this prediction, mutations in the serotonin biosynthesis genes had little or modest effects on lifespan, while the mod-5 mutation with increased availability of serotonin caused a modest life-shortening effect. In contrast, a deletion mutation of the ser-1 serotonin receptor gene increased longevity by up to 46%, likely through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway. This result suggests an interaction between the serotonin pathway and the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway. A deletion mutation of another serotonin receptor gene, ser-4 , shortened early to mid lifespan. The results suggest that serotonin signal antagonistically modulates longevity through different serotonin receptors. This study may indicate serotonin receptors as a potential target for antigeric interventions.     

Paleomedicine and the use of plant secondary compounds in the Paleolithic and Early Neolithic

Reconstructing plant use before domestication is challenging due to a lack of evidence. Yet, on the small number of sites with assemblages, the wide range of different plant species cannot be explained simply in terms of nutrition. Assemblages from the Lower Paleolithic to the Early Neolithic were examined to investigate the relative edible and medicinal properties of the plants. The assemblages contain a mixture of edible species, plants that are both edible and medicinal, and plants with only medicinal properties. The proportion of medicinal plants at all sites is well above the natural average and increases over time. Mechanisms for preventing intestinal parasitic infections are common among animals and together with chimpanzees’ preventative and curative self‐medication practices suggest an evolutionary context for this behavior. A broad‐spectrum approach to plant collection is likely to have been in place throughout the Paleolithic driven, in part, by the need for medicinal compounds.     

Apelin receptor(APJ)拮抗剂F13A对小鼠抑郁样行为的影响及起效时间*

目的:明确apelin receptor(APJ)拮抗剂F13A对小鼠抑郁样行为的影响及起效时间。方法:实验小鼠随机分成对照组(Control),F13A组(F13A)和氯胺酮组(ketamine),每组9只,对照组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水(10 ml/kg,ip)+侧脑室注射生理盐水(每职1μl,i.c.v),F13A组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水(10 ml/kg,ip)+侧脑室注射F13A(6 μg/μl,i.c.v),氯胺酮组小鼠腹腔注射氯胺酮(10 ml/kg, 2 mg/ml,ip)+侧脑室注射生理盐水(1μl,i.c.v);实验分三批进行,第一批实验在注射后30 min,进行第一次强迫游泳测试(FST1),FST1后24 h进行第二次强迫游泳测试(FST2);第二批实验在注射后30 min进行第一次自发活动测试(LMT1),LMT1前24 h进行自发活动习惯化,LMT1后24 h进行第二次自发活动测试(LMT2);第三批实验注射后30 min进行FST1,FST1前24 h进行强迫游泳应激(FSS),FST1后24 h进行第二次强迫游泳测试(FST2)。 结果:与对照组比较,在无FSS时,氯胺酮组小鼠不动时间显著性减少(P﹤0.01),而F13A组小鼠无明显变化;在FST2中,F13A组小鼠不动时间显著性增加(P﹤0.01),而氯胺酮组小鼠无显著性差异;在LMT1和LMT2中各组小鼠活动度均无显著性差异;在经历FSS后,在FST1中氯胺酮组、F13A组小鼠不动时间均显著性减少(P﹤0.01);在FST2中,F13A组小鼠的不动时间显著性减少(P﹤0.05),而氯胺酮组小鼠无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。结论:APJ受体拮抗剂F13A在强迫游泳测试中发挥快速起效(30 min)且持久作用(24 h)的抗抑郁样潜力,并且这种作用可能与应激有关。     

LPHN3 and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a susceptibility and pharmacogenetic study

Latrophilin 3 (LPHN3) is a brain‐specific member of the G‐protein coupled receptor family associated to both attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) genetic susceptibility and methylphenidate (MPH) pharmacogenetics. Interactions of LPHN3 variants with variants harbored in the 11q chromosome improve the prediction of ADHD development and medication response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of LPHN3 variants in childhood ADHD susceptibility and treatment response in a naturalistic clinical cohort. The association between LPHN3 and ADHD was evaluated in 523 children and adolescents with ADHD and 132 controls. In the pharmacogenetic study, 172 children with ADHD were investigated. The primary outcome measure was the parent‐rated Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale – version IV applied at baseline, first and third months of treatment with MPH. The results reported herein suggest the CGC haplotype derived from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs6813183, rs1355368 and rs734644 as an ADHD risk haplotype (P = 0.02, OR = 1.46). Although non‐significant after multiple testing correction, its interaction with the 11q chromosome SNP rs965560 slightly increases risk (P = 0.03, OR = 1.55). Homozygous individuals for the CGC haplotype showed faster response to MPH treatment as a significant interaction effect between CGC haplotype and treatment over time was observed (P < 0.001). Homozygous individuals for the GT haplotype derived from SNPs rs6551665 and rs1947275 showed a nominally significant interaction with treatment over time (P = 0.04). Our findings replicate previous findings reporting that LPHN3 confers ADHD susceptibility, and moderates MPH treatment response in children and adolescents with ADHD.     

Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of venlafaxine and 11 analogs using amylose-derived chiral stationary phases

A direct liquid chromatographic enantioselective separation of venlafaxine and 11 analogs was obtained in the normal phase mode using Chiralpak AD. For some compounds, a comparison between the enantioseparation using coated and immobilized amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phases (Chiralpak AD and Chiralpak IA, respectively) was made. The best separations were achieved on Chiralpak AD with ethanol as alcoholic modifier in a mobile phase made basic by DEA addition: separation factor ranges between 2.08 and 1.15 and resolution factor between 7.0 and 1.0. Using the same CSP and 2-propanol doped with TFA as acidic modifier, 10 compounds were enantioseparated with separation factor ranging between 1.40 and 1.04 and resolution factor between 3.1 and 0.3. The use of ethanol as alcoholic modifier also has the advantage of better solubility of the compounds in the mobile phase. The nature of the substituent (electron donating or withdrawing) affects in general the separation factor. A memory effect that involves a long equilibration time of the CSP is present when switching from an acidic mobile phase to a basic one.     

Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO) in the Brain

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is widely distributed in almost tissues. However, its presence in brain microvessels is still controversial. The affinity of SSAO towards benzylamine (Bz) is considerably higher than that of monoamine oxidase (MAO). SSAO plays a role in the toxicity of several environmental and endogenous amines. SSAO-mediated production of toxic aldehydes has been proposed to be related to pathophysiological conditions. The most potent of inhibition of SSAO in monkey brain was observed by tricyclic antidepressant drug imipramine, as compared to tetracyclic drug maprotiline or non-cyclic drug nomifensine. An endogenous SSAO modulator in rat brain cytosol after immobilization stress (IMMO) was found and that this inhibitor could be induced by IMMO. SSAO activity in rat brain might be regulated by the level of this inhibitor. Semicarbazide, a SSAO inhibitor, enhances the formation of OH products of efflux/oxidation due to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP⁺). The precise physiological functions of SSAO could play an important role in the control of energy balance in adipose tissue. SSAO could play an important role in the regulation of adipocyte homeostasis.