黔产剑叶凤尾蕨的化学成分研究

为研究剑叶凤尾蕨(Pteris ensiformis)的化学成分,该研究选用硅胶、凝胶、MCI、C₁₈等柱色谱进行分离纯化,结合¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR、MS、IR等波谱数据鉴定化合物结构,并通过MTS和APTT、PT以及TT等方法对所分离得到的部分单体化合物进行抗肿瘤和抗凝血活性筛选。结果表明：(1)从剑叶凤尾蕨中分离得到15个化合物,分别为2-羟基-乙酰基吡咯(1)、N-(3-羧丙基)-2-乙酰基吡咯(2)、3-羟基-2-甲基吡啶(3)、N-甲基羟胺(4)、pterosin S 13-O-glucoside(5)、obtupterosin C(6)、ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokauran-19-oic acid(7)、ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid(8)、β-谷甾醇(9)、ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid-O-glucopyranoside(10)、5, 5′-二丁氧基-2, 2′-...     

Selective cleavage and anticoagulant activity of a sulfated fucan: stereospecific removal of a 2-sulfate ester from the polysaccharide by mild acid hydrolysis, preparation of oligosaccharides, and heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity

A linear sulfated fucan with a regular repeating sequence of [3)-alpha-L-Fucp-(2SO4)-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Fucp-(4SO4)-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Fucp-(2,4SO4)-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Fucp-(2SO4)-(1-->]n is an anticoagulant polysaccharide mainly due to thrombin inhibition mediated by heparin cofactor II. No specific enzymatic or chemical method is available for the preparation of tailored oligosaccharides from sulfated fucans. We employ an apparently nonspecific approach to cleave this polysaccharide based on mild hydrolysis with acid. Surprisingly, the linear sulfated fucan was cleaved by mild acid hydrolysis on an ordered sequence. Initially a 2-sulfate ester of the first fucose unit is selectively removed. Thereafter the glycosidic linkage between the nonsulfated fucose residue and the subsequent 4-sulfated residue is preferentially cleaved by acid hydrolysis, forming oligosaccharides with well-defined size. The low-molecular-weight derivatives obtained from the sulfated fucan were employed to determine the requirement for interaction of this polysaccharide with heparin cofactor II and to achieve complete thrombin inhibition. The linear sulfated fucan requires significantly longer chains than mammalian glycosaminoglycans to achieve anticoagulant activity. A slight decrease in the molecular size of the sulfated fucan dramatically reduces its effect on thrombin inactivation mediated by heparin cofactor II. Sulfated fucan with approximately 45 tetrasaccharide repeating units binds to heparin cofactor II but is unable to link efficiently the plasma inhibitor and thrombin. This last effect requires chains with approximately 100 or more tetrasaccharide repeating units. We speculate that the template mechanism may predominate over the allosteric effect in the case of the linear sulfated fucan inactivation of thrombin in the presence of heparin cofactor II.     

蕲蛇蛇毒抗凝血因子的分离纯化与特性

目的 寻找蕲蛇蛇毒中的抗凝血因子。方法 利用硫酸铵沉降、阴离子交换层析、阳离子交换层析及高效液相色谱层析,从蕲蛇蛇毒中分离纯化到一个抗凝血因子。结果 纯化的这一组份在PAGE、SDS—PAGE上均呈单一区带,分子量约为25．4kD,由两条分子量分别为15．0kD和16．0kD的肽链通过二硫键连接在一起。这一组份在体外显著地延长血浆复钙时间和凝血酶原时间,但不延长牛凝血酶时间,也不具有磷脂酶A2活性、纤溶活性和出血活性。结论 蕲蛇蛇毒中舍右一种新的抗凝血因子。     

褐藻糖胶的结构及构效关系研究

综述了褐藻糖胶结构方面的研究进展,以及褐藻糖胶的抗凝血活性和抗病毒活性与结构之间的关系。     

三七不同部位提取物抗凝血活性的研究

应用凝血酶原时间(PT)试验研究三七根、叶和花70％甲醇提取物的抗凝血活性,同时分析经大孔树脂分离得到的三七根和三七叶中所含不同皂苷成分的抗凝血活性,以阐明三七不同部位的抗凝血活性.结果显示:(1)在测试浓度为20 mg/mL时,三七根、叶和花甲醇提取物的PT值均显著高于空白和阳性对照,并且三七叶和花提取物的PT值显著高于根提取物.(2)三七根和叶中分离得到的20(S)-原人参二醇型皂苷(PDS)在量效关系实验中,其PT值均显著高于其他样品[包括20(S)-原人参三醇型皂苷(PTS)及三七根和叶总皂苷],而且在浓度低于25mg/mL时,差异更加显著.(3)相同浓度时,三七叶中的PDS(L-50,50％乙醇洗脱液)的PT值高于三七根中的PDS(R-50,50％乙醇洗脱液).研究表明,三七叶和花的延长凝血酶原时间的活性较根强,具有潜在的抗凝血活性.而其中三七叶PDS的作用最强,可能是潜在的抗凝血药物资源.     

Tick salivary secretion as a source of antihemostatics

Ticks are mostly obligatory blood feeding ectoparasites that have an impact on human and animal health. In addition to direct damage due to feeding, some tick species serve as the vectors for the causative agents of several diseases, such as the spirochetes of the genus Borrelia causing Lyme disease, the virus of tick-borne encephalitis, various Rickettsial pathogens or even protozoan parasites like Babesia spp. Hard ticks are unique among bloodfeeders because of their prolonged feeding period that may last up to two weeks. During such a long period of blood uptake, the host develops a wide range of mechanisms to prevent blood loss. The arthropod ectoparasite, in turn, secretes saliva in the sites of bite that assists blood feeding. Indeed, tick saliva represents a rich source of proteins with potent pharmacologic action that target different mechanisms of coagulation, platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. Tick adaptation to their vertebrate hosts led to the inclusion of a powerful protein armamentarium in their salivary secretion that has been investigated by high-throughput methods. The resulting knowledge can be exploited for the isolation of novel antihemostatic agents. Here we review the tick salivary antihemostatics and their characterized functions at the molecular and cellular levels.     

Sulfated polysaccharides from marine green algae Ulva conglobata and their anticoagulant activity

Sulfated polysaccharides from the green algae Ulva conglobata were isolated and prepared by extraction in hot water, precipitation with ethanol and purification by ion-exchange and size-exclusion column chromatography. The characterizations of the sulfated polysaccharides were defined, and containing 23.04–35.20% sulfate ester groups, 10.82–14.91% uronic acid and 3.82–4.51% protein. Gas chromatography analysis shows that the sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva conglobata are mainly consisted of rhamnose with variable contents of glucose and fucose, trace amounts of xylose, glactose and mannose. The anticoagulant properties of the sulfated polysaccharides were compared with those of heparin by studying the activated partial thromboplastin time using normal human plasma. The sulfated polysaccharide from Ulva conglobata collected in Qingdao, China is the most potent among the sulfated polysaccharides tested. The mechanism of anticoagulant activity mediated by the sulfated polysaccharides is due to the direct inhibition of thrombin and the potentiation of heparin cofactor II.     

Trx-NAP 5融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达及其活性检测

目的:用大肠杆菌表达获得重组线虫抗凝血肽5(rNAP 5),为研究开发NAP5的功能与应用提供原料来源。方法:将扩增的NAP5基因经BamHⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切后与表达载体pET-32a连接。构建好的重组表达质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,分别经IPTG和乳糖诱导表达,并探讨诱导表达条件,分析表达产物的可溶性情况。表达产物经镍亲和纯化后,用凝血酶原时间(PT)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)检测体外抗凝活性。结果:成功构建了pET-32a/NAP5表达载体,IPTG和乳糖均能诱导目的蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中高效地可溶性表达。优化条件下每升LB培养基可获可溶性目的融合蛋白量达65.3mg。纯化的蛋白能明显延长PT及aPTT,7.0mg/L的蛋白平均约延长5.09倍aPTT,2.55倍PT。结论:在大肠杆菌中成功表达了具有很好生物活性的Trx-NAP5融合蛋白,为研究开发NAP5的功能与应用奠定了基础。     

线虫抗凝血蛋白c2的融合表达及其抗凝活性分析

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达硫氧还蛋白-线虫抗凝血蛋白c2(Trx-NAPc2)融合蛋白,并检测其抗凝活性。方法:将扩增的NAPc2基因经BamHⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切后连接到表达载体pET-32a中,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),分别经IPTG和乳糖诱导表达;表达产物经镍琼脂糖凝胶FF纯化后,用体外凝血酶原时间(PT)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)试验检测抗凝血活性。结果:构建了pET-32a/NAPc2表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达,表达产物主要以可溶形式存在,纯化的Trx-NAPc2融合蛋白能明显延长PT及aPTT。结论:在大肠杆菌中高效表达了具有生物活性的Trx-NAPc2融合蛋白,为进一步研究NAPc2的功能及应用奠定了基础。