植物生长物质在胚培养法挽救陈年小麦种质中的作用

以陈年小麦离体胚为外植体,MS培养基为基本培养基,附加5种植物生长物质2,4-D、NAA、KT、6-BA、GA3进行单因子和正交试验,研究植物生长物质在陈年小麦离体胚萌发中的作用。单因子试验结果表明：单独使用6-BA 1．0mg／L、GA3 2．5mg/L均能在一定程度上促进陈年小麦离体胚出芽和生根,出芽率分别为70．0％和77．5％,比对照分别提高了21．7％和29．2％;生根率分别为63．3％和72．2％,比对照分别提高了21．3％和30．2％。正交试验结果显示GA3对陈年小麦离体胚的萌发影响显著,最佳植物生长物质组合为2,4-D2．0mg／L NAA 1．1mg／L 6-BA0．5mg/L GA3 4．0mg/L,出芽率为82．5％,生根率为60．0％,比对照分别提高了32．5％和17．5％。     

Fungal laccases - occurrence and properties

Laccases of fungi attract considerable attention due to their possible involvement in the transformation of a wide variety of phenolic compounds including the polymeric lignin and humic substances. So far, more than a 100 enzymes have been purified from fungal cultures and characterized in terms of their biochemical and catalytic properties. Most ligninolytic fungal species produce constitutively at least one laccase isoenzyme and laccases are also dominant among ligninolytic enzymes in the soil environment. The fact that they only require molecular oxygen for catalysis makes them suitable for biotechnological applications for the transformation or immobilization of xenobiotic compounds.     

六种固氮蓝藻提取液对玉米的促长作用和提取液成分比较

本文用六种固氮蓝藻的提取液处理玉米种子,同时对其提取液氨基酸组成和碳水化合物与维生素Ｂ１２的含量进行了分析。结果表明固氮鱼腥藻ＨＢ６８６（ＡｎａｂａｅｎａａｚｏｔｉｃａＨＢ６８６）、球孢鱼腥藻ＨＢ１０１７（Ａ．ｓｐｈａｅｒｉｃａＨＢ１０１７）、多变鱼腥藻ＨＢ１０５８（Ａ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓＨＢ１０５８）和小单歧藻ＨＢＴＴ（ＴｏｌｙｐｏｔｈｒｉｘｔｅｎｕｉｓＨＢＴＴ）的提取液中氨基酸、碳水化合物和维生素Ｂ１２的含量高于鱼腥藻ＳＰ．ＨＢ１０４２（Ａｎａｂａｅｎａｓｐ．ＨＢ１０４２）和繁育管链藻ＨＢ３８（ＡｕｌｏｓｉｒａｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｓｓｉｍａＨＢ３８）。同时,促进玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的效果前四种藻较好,后两种则较差。     

传统大豆发酵食品在心脑血管疾病防治上的研究现状

人类生活水平的提高以及生活压力的增加,使心脑血管疾病的发生频率显著增加,并日趋成为威胁人类健康的重要原因。传统大豆发酵食品中的各种生理活性物质通过降血压和调节体内脂质、糖类代谢等多种作用来有效地防治心脑血管疾病;与传统药物相比,有效果显著与无毒副作用等优点,因此传统大豆发酵食品有广阔的发展应用前景。     

MTT比色法测定促肝细胞生长物质对肝细胞生长的刺激活性

本实验建立了用简便的ＭＴＴ比色法对促肝细胞生长物质的促肝细胞增殖作用的测定方法,确定了实验的最适条件。与传统的３Ｈ ＴｄＲ掺入法进行比较的结果显示,ＭＴＴ比色法与３Ｈ ＴｄＲ掺入法测定结果基本相符,灵敏度相近,但消除了同位素的污染,是一个测定促肝细胞生长物质刺激肝细胞增殖活性的简便方法。     

甜瓜细菌性斑点病拮抗菌P-13的鉴定及其抑菌物质的初步研究

从新疆甜瓜根际土壤中分离到1株甜瓜细菌性斑点病拮抗放线菌P-13, 根据其形态学、生理特征和16S rRNA序列分析, 鉴定该菌株为娄彻氏链霉菌(Streptomyces rochei)。琼脂扩散法生物活性研究表明, 其发酵液对细菌性果腐病菌(Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrull)BFB、细菌性角斑病菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans)P4的抑菌圈直径分别为19 mm和17 mm以上; 发酵液中抑菌物质主要为胞外代谢物, 不溶于石油醚, 乙醚, 乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂。在100°C处理10 min、pH 6处理6 h或紫外线照射7 h, 该物质抑菌活性不变。纸层析结果表明, 该物质主要为碱性水溶性物质。     

RUS家族对植物生长发育的调控作用

叶绿体基因组编码许多参与光合作用和其他代谢过程的关键蛋白质,在叶绿体中合成的代谢物对于植物正常的生长发育至关重要。根对紫外线-B辐射敏感[Root-UVB (ultraviolet radiation B)-sensitive, RUS]蛋白属于叶绿体蛋白,由高度保守的DUF647结构域组成,在参与植物形态发生、物质运输和能量代谢等多种生命活动的调控中发挥作用。本文就近年来关于RUS家族在植物的胚胎发育、光形态建成、维生素B6稳态、生长素转运和花药发育等生长发育过程中的相关研究进行回顾和总结,为深入研究其在植物生长发育中的分子调控机制提供了参考。     

Antifouling substances of natural origin: Activity of benzoquinone compounds from Maesa Lanceolata against marine crustaceans

A screening of antifouling activity from plants extracts led to selection and further study of Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Two p‐benzoquinone compounds were isolated from the fruits and found to be active against Artemia salina. The anti‐crustacean activity of both p‐benzoquinones is reported for the first time.     

Influence of environmental factors on content and composition of essential oil from common juniper ripe berry cones (Juniperus communis L.)

Abstract

The present study evaluated the influence of some environmental factors on the quantity and composition of essential oil (EO) in ripe berry cones of Juniperus communis L. The berry cones were collected from juniper shrubs growing wild at five localities of north-east Slovakia during the years 2012–2014. The EO yield ranged from 0.4 to 1.9%, depending on the locality and year. In the EO, eight monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, sabinene, limonene, terpinene-4-ol, borneol, bornylacetate) and one sesquiterpene (β-caryophyllene) were identified. The dominant component was the monoterpene α-pinene, ranging from 31.0 to 49.0%. The amount and composition of the EO was affected by soil composition (content of humus and pH) and topographic environmental factors, including air temperature and precipitation. According to the composition of the EO, the studied juniper shrubs belong to the α-pinene chemotype.     

Altered microbial community structure and organic matter composition under elevated CO2 and N fertilization in the duke forest

The dynamics and fate of terrestrial organic matter (OM) under elevated atmospheric CO₂ and nitrogen (N) fertilization are important aspects of long‐term carbon sequestration. Despite numerous studies, questions still remain as to whether the chemical composition of OM may alter with these environmental changes. In this study, we employed molecular‐level methods to investigate the composition and degradation of various OM components in the forest floor (O horizon) and mineral soil (0–15 cm) from the Duke forest free air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiment. We measured microbial responses to elevated CO₂ and N fertilization in the mineral soil using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. Increased fresh carbon inputs into the forest floor under elevated CO₂ were observed at the molecular‐level by two degradation parameters of plant‐derived steroids and cutin‐derived compounds. The ratios of fungal to bacterial PLFAs and Gram‐negative to Gram‐positive bacterial PLFAs decreased in the mineral soil with N fertilization, indicating an altered soil microbial community composition. Moreover, the acid to aldehyde ratios of lignin‐derived phenols increased with N fertilization, suggesting enhanced lignin degradation in the mineral soil. ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of soil humic substances revealed an enrichment of leaf‐derived alkyl structures with both elevated CO₂ and N fertilization. We suggest that microbial decomposition of SOM constituents such as lignin and hydrolysable lipids was promoted under both elevated CO₂ and N fertilization, which led to the enrichment of plant‐derived recalcitrant structures (such as alkyl carbon) in the soil.