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CUI Yaming 《人类学学报》2018,37(02):228
The frontal bone is the important cranial part that connects the facial and neurocranial parts of the cranium. Little is known about the variance of the frontal shapes of the major populations in the world. In addition,the complicated surface morphology of frontal bone limits the possibility of further research. The current study aims to investigate the morphological variation of the frontal bone of East Asian modern human population,and the comparisons with other major modern human populations of geographically dispersed locations (Europe,Southeast Asia,America,Africa and Australia),using three-dimensional surface landmarks based geometric morphometric methods. 11 landmarks,31 curve semi-landmarks and 418 surface semi-landmarks on the frontal bone for each specimen. We then performed 3D geometric morphometric analyses to quantify the frontal shapes. Within the populations included in this study,the main variation is exhibited in following ways: 1) the robusticity of the frontal tubercle of the frontal squama and the relative width of the frontal bone; 2) the development of the superciliary arches,frontal tubercles,and mid-sagittal crest. To further explore the relationships between the frontal morphology of the East Asian population and other populations,we carried out analyses of frontal size and comparisons. The results show that East Asian and European modern human populations exhibits the greatest median of the centroid size of the frontal bone,and Australian the smallest. Permutation test shows that the East Asian and Indian American populations share the closest frontal morphology in terms of Procrustes distance. Statistically significant differences were observed between Australian aboriginals and all the other populations. And the frontal morphology of the East Asian population exhibit significant difference between Australian aboriginals,Europeans and African modern humans. The current study also tested the association between frontal morphology and the genetic distance. The result shows that they are significantly correlated (r=0.214,p=0.002),suggesting that the morphological differences reflect genetic differences to some extent. The frontal morphologies of East Asian population show unique features in the comparison to all the populations included in this study,possibly suggesting a relatively isolated evolutionary history for the East Asian population. Future analyses of geometric morphometrics on the frontal surface will continue to explore the difference between specimens of different gender,and evolutional stage through expanding the sample size of cranial materials. 相似文献
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We present a new computationally feasible test for the dimensionof the central subspace in a regression problem based on slicedaverage variance estimation. We also provide a marginal coordinatetest. Under the null hypothesis, both the test of dimensionand the marginal coordinate test involve test statistics thatasymptotically have chi-squared distributions given normallydistributed predictors, and have a distribution that is a linearcombination of chi-squared distributions in general. 相似文献
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Advances in molecular “omics” technologies have motivated new methodologies for the integration of multiple sources of high-content biomedical data. However, most statistical methods for integrating multiple data matrices only consider data shared vertically (one cohort on multiple platforms) or horizontally (different cohorts on a single platform). This is limiting for data that take the form of bidimensionally linked matrices (eg, multiple cohorts measured on multiple platforms), which are increasingly common in large-scale biomedical studies. In this paper, we propose bidimensional integrative factorization (BIDIFAC) for integrative dimension reduction and signal approximation of bidimensionally linked data matrices. Our method factorizes data into (a) globally shared, (b) row-shared, (c) column-shared, and (d) single-matrix structural components, facilitating the investigation of shared and unique patterns of variability. For estimation, we use a penalized objective function that extends the nuclear norm penalization for a single matrix. As an alternative to the complicated rank selection problem, we use results from the random matrix theory to choose tuning parameters. We apply our method to integrate two genomics platforms (messenger RNA and microRNA expression) across two sample cohorts (tumor samples and normal tissue samples) using the breast cancer data from the Cancer Genome Atlas. We provide R code for fitting BIDIFAC, imputing missing values, and generating simulated data. 相似文献
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Beibei Hao Haoping Wu Yu Cao Wei Xing Erik Jeppesen Wei Li 《Freshwater Biology》2017,62(10):1783-1793
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后河自然保护区珍稀濒危植物种群分布格局的分形特征:计盒维数 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
通过4种优势树种和7种珍稀树种种群的计盒维数来反映种群分布格局的分形特征.结果表明,4种优势种群的计盒维数在1.346-1.414之间,在历研究的整个常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落中占据了较大的生态空间;其中尖连蕊茶种群的计盒维数最大,占据最大的生态空间.而7种珍稀树种种群的计量续数除了金钱槭种群大于1之外,其余6个种群的计盒维数都小于1,说明它们占据生态空间的能力较小.并且这11个种群的拐点尺度都出现在5-12.5m之间.根据分形的自相似性,可以推断种群在大于拐点尺度的所有尺度上都为同一分布类型,并且在拐点前后种群的格局类型夏发生变化.种群分布格局的判定结果部分地验证了这一观点,11个物种中有5个物种的种群格局在拐点前后发生变化,另6种没有发生这种变化。 相似文献
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基于RS和GIS的开封市土地覆盖分形 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以RS和GIS为技术手段,利用开封市0.61m空间分辨率的QuickBird卫星遥感数据,采用分形几何方法研究了斑块的面积效应和覆盖类型分形的关系,并对覆盖类型的分形特征差异等进行了分析。结果表明,开封市防护林地和农田的平均斑块面积较大,分维数也较大,而水体的分维数较小,说明防护林和农田斑块的边界结构特征比水体更为复杂。斑块的分维值具有尺度依赖性,同一类型中大的斑块往往具有较大的分维值,其原因是大斑块经常出现不同类型的斑块相互嵌套,小斑块则很少出现甚至不出现这种现象。 相似文献
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运用分形理论以安徽省庐江县植保站和江苏省吴县值保站1979~1990年及太湖地区农科所1986~1998年间褐飞虱发生的田间系统调查资料为例,对褐飞虱发生的性质进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)庐江站、吴县站和太湖地区农科所褐飞虱发生在一定标度域内具有分形性质。其分维值分别为0.7158、0.52l2和0.2816;(2)褐飞虱发生的分维值是表征一定标度区间的发生程度差异的一个新的参数,分维值大,则发生程度轻,反之则重(3)分维数D值与褐飞虱发生的聚集程度是密切相关的,D值小聚集程度大,反之聚集程度小,D值可以作为褐E虱聚集分布程度的一个指标;(4)褐飞虱发生具有多重分形结构,其广义维数谱Dq曲线可以用于褐飞虱发生的预测预报。 相似文献
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