Effects of partially replacing barley or corn with raw and micronised CDC SO-I oats on productive performance of lactating dairy cows

Recently, a new genotype of oat (cv. CDC SO-I, containing low-hull lignin and high-fat groat), has been developed. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of partially replacing barley and corn with the new oat and its micronisation on lactating performance of dairy cows. In a double 4 × 4 Latin square design, eight lactating dairy cows (732 ± 46 kg body weight [BW]; parity 4 ± 2) received total mixed rations with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 50:50 (DM basis). The four treatments were: T1, barley only (control); T2, raw oat, replacing 42% barley of T1; T3, micronised oat, replacing 42% barley of T1; and T4, raw oat and corn blend, replacing 100% barley of T1. The results showed that dairy cows fed the new oats (T2, T3) produced more fat (p < 0.05) and more fat corrected milk (p < 0.10) than cows fed barley only (T1). The performance of cows fed the new oat and corn blend (T4) was not significantly different from other treatments. The micronisation significantly reduced protein degradability (74 vs. 63%, p < 0.05), but increased starch degradability (87 vs. 93%, p < 0.05) of the new oat. However, the overall results suggested that micronisation did not show a significant impact on milk production. The newly developed CDC SO-I oat can replace 42% barley (in T1) as a concentrate supplement in dairy total mixed rations with an increased yield of milk fat and fat corrected milk.     

紫花苜蓿F-box蛋白基因MsFTL的克隆及功能分析

FTL(F-box Triple LRR protein)是F-box蛋白家族的成员,具有F-box保守结构域,在植物抵御逆境胁迫过程中起重要作用。本研究参考低温胁迫下紫花苜蓿转录组数据设计引物,通过RT-PCR克隆获得紫花苜蓿MsFTL基因,该基因的全长1422 bp,编码473个氨基酸。该蛋白含有1个F-box结构域及3个LRR重复。系统进化分析表明,MsFTL与蒺藜苜蓿XP_003626345.1 F-box/FBD/LRR-repeat protein亲缘关系最近。两者蛋白序列比对发现共有11个差异位点。在低温、盐、干旱以及外源ABA处理下,MsFTL基因受到诱导,表达量上调。构建植物过表达载体pCBM-MsFTL,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草。对经过抗性筛选、PCR和Real-time PCR验证的转基因植株进行低温抗性鉴定。在-4℃低温胁迫下,野生型烟草叶片出现了明显的萎蔫失水现象,而转基因烟草萎蔫程度相对较轻。生理检测结果表明,4℃处理24 h之后,转基因烟草的可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性,CAT活性高于野生型,MDA含量低于野生型。本研究表明,MsFTL基因在提高植物对低温胁迫的抗性方面具有重要的作用。     

不同定植期和摘心方案下5个品种(系)茶用菊生长和产量性状的变化

为了比较5个茶用菊新品种(系)的产量水平,并筛选出获得高产的定植期和摘心方案,以 ‘苏菊10号’、‘苏菊12号’、‘苏菊13号’、‘CH1-44’、‘CH5-13’ 为试材,采用三因素裂区试验设计,主区为早、中、晚3个定植期,裂区为5个新品种(系),裂裂区为4种摘心方案,比较不同栽培措施下植株生长和产量的差异.结果表明: 5个新品种(系)中,‘CH5-13’和‘苏菊13号’产量相对较高,‘CH1-44’和‘苏菊10号’产量次之,‘苏菊12号’产量最低;5月27日中期定植、二次摘心措施下5个新品种(系)的株高、冠幅、单株花数、花径、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量均显著优于其他处理,较5月7日和6月13日定植分别提高16.0%和19.0%、18.0%和22.8%、36.7%和42.2%、11.1%和2.3%、13.0%和4.0%、47.8%和36.6%、48.5%和36.7%.随着摘心时间的推迟,株高显著降低,二次摘心株高较不摘心降低50.2%;二次摘心处理的冠幅、单株花数、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量最高,较不摘心依次提高17.0%、29.1%、5.5%、34.0%和34.8%.品种(系)、定植期、摘心方案3个因素对茶用菊生长性状和产量影响作用的大小依次为:定植期>品种>摘心.     

Availability and contributions of soil phosphorus to forage production of seeded alfalfa in semiarid Loess Plateau

The availability of soil phosphorus was studied in response to the forage production of seeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), established by the ridge and furrow water-harvesting technique in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. The following 5 treatments were set up in this study: (1) conventional cultivation in a flat plot without mulch (CK); (2) plastic mulched ridge with 30 cm width of ridge and furrow (M30); (3) plastic mulched ridge with 60 cm width of ridge and furrow (M60); (4) bare ridge with 30 cm width of ridge and furrow (B30); (5) bare ridge with 60 cm width of ridge and furrow (B60). The forage yield, evapotranspiration (ET), soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus, available phosphorus and the ratio of soil organic C to available P (C/P) were measured in the experiment. Results showed that the positive correlation occurred between the decrease in soil available P and the total forage yield of alfalfa after three-year alfalfa stand. M30 and M60 were higher than those of conventional flat cultivation (CK) by 10.7% and 40.3%, respectively, whereas the yield of two bare treatments (B30 and B60) was lower than that of CK by 14.2% and 28.3%, respectively. After a 3-year alfalfa stand, the trend of the decrease in soil available P was in the order of M60 (55.5%) > M30 (51.5%) > CK (34.6%) > B30 (23.4%) > B60 (17.5%). Moreover, after 3-year alfalfa growth, the C/P ratio increased significantly in all of the treatments by comparing with that before sowing. The C/P ratios of M30 (1165.1) and M60 (1326.1) were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. More interesting finding was that the increase in SOC in dry years promoted the accumulation of soil available P. However, in wet years, the increase of SOC limited the accumulation of soil available P. Therefore, to further increase the forage yield of alfalfa, the effective technique must be developed to increase the soil available P.     

中国神农架蜡梅属一新变种和新变型

描述了蜡梅（Chimonanthus praecox L.）一新变种即卷瓣蜡梅,该变种与原变种的主要区别是中花被片高度反卷,中被片颜色为白色或金黄色,主要分布于神农架林区。其中中被片颜色为白色的卷瓣蜡梅可以被看作一个新变型跳枝蜡梅。     

低pH条件对紫花苜蓿结瘤的影响及机制初探

探讨了低pH条件下紫花苜蓿根毛变形和结瘤受到的影响及其机制。结果表明,在低pH条件下,初生根伸长和根瘤菌OD600值显著下降,根共生结瘤受到明显抑制。在接种根瘤菌、不加NF的条件下,pH5.0、pH4.7、pH4.5、pH4.2处理的根毛变形率分别比对照(pH6.5)减少了44.1%、56.4%、60.0%和69.0%;在加入NF、不接种根瘤菌的情况下,低pH(4.5)处理,根毛的变形也比对照(pH6.5)减少了45.9%。结果暗示,低pH条件下苜蓿结瘤初期的结瘤信号传导受阻,这可能是导致酸性条件下苜蓿结瘤减少的重要原因之一。     

Variation of haplotype distributions of two genomic regions of Citrus tristeza virus populations from eastern Spain

Genetic variation in natural populations of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was studied using haplotypes detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of two genomic regions (p20 gene and segment A, located in ORF1a). Analysis of 254 samples from 125 trees, collected at 12 different sites, yielded 8 different haplotypes for p20 and 5 for segment A. The most frequent haplotype of p20 was predominant at all sites, but several sites differed in the predominance of segment A haplotypes. At most sites, the homozygosity observed for the p20 gene tended to be higher than expected in a neutral evolution, whereas the opposite was true for segment A. Comparison of the populations at different sites showed that 44 of the 66 possible population pairs were genetically distinct for segment A, but only six pairs differed for the p20 gene. Analysis of molecular variance grouping trees by site, scion variety, rootstock or age, showed that variation in segment A was significantly affected by site, tree age and rootstock, and that variation between trees in each group and within trees was even more important. In contrast, variation in p20 was affected only by site and rootstock, each factor contributing to < 2% of the variation. The data suggest that sequence variations in segment A must be functionally less important and that it has less evolutionary constraints than p20. Detection of different haplotypes in neighbour trees or in samples from the same tree may help explain part of the variability observed in CTV symptom expression.     

Jellyfish green fluorescent protein as a useful reporter for transient expression and stable transformation in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Medicago sativa</Emphasis> L.

The aim of the experiments reported herein was to transiently test different gene constructs using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter gene for a future localization of the maize -zein in the chloroplast of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The transient expression of two GFP genes was compared in alfalfa leaves to determine which of these two mutants is the easier to detect. Based on the intensity of fluorescence emitted, the GFP S65C gene was used to assemble a chloroplast-targeted GFP to verify the efficiency of the transit peptide for chloroplast targeting. A chloroplast-targeted fusion protein between -zein and GFP was then assembled, and this protein was observed to accumulate in small aggregates into the chloroplasts of transiently transformed cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the GFP S65C gene being used to obtain transformed alfalfa plants expressing GFP.Communicated by D. Dudits