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111.
为解释长白山温带森林群落构建和物种多度格局的形成过程, 该文以不同演替阶段的针阔混交林监测样地数据为基础, 采用中性理论模型、生物统计模型(对数正态分布模型)和生态位模型(Zifp模型、分割线段模型、生态位优先模型)拟合森林群落物种多度分布, 并用χ 2检验、Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S)检验和赤池信息准则(AIC)选择最佳拟合模型。结果显示: 中性模型能很好地预测长白山温带森林不同演替阶段植物群落的物种多度分布。在10 m × 10 m尺度上, 5种模型均可被χ 2检验和K-S检验接受, 但中性模型拟合效果不如对数正态分布模型、Zifp模型、分割线段模型和生态位优先模型, 表明小尺度上中性过程和生态位过程均能解释群落物种多度分布, 但生态位过程的解释能力相对较大。而在中大尺度上(30 m × 30 m、60 m × 60 m和90 m × 90 m), 中性模型为最优拟合模型, 并且随着研究尺度增加, 生态位模型和生物统计模型逐渐被χ 2检验拒绝, 表明中性过程在长白山针阔混交林群落物种多度分布格局形成中的作用随着研究尺度增加而逐渐增大。该文证实了中性过程在长白山温带针阔混交林群落结构形成中具有重要作用, 但未否认生态位机制在群落构建中的贡献。因此, 温带森林群落构建过程中中性理论和生态位理论并非相互矛盾, 而是相互融合的。在研究森林群落物种多度分布时, 应重视取样尺度和演替阶段的影响, 并采用多种模型进行拟合。  相似文献   
112.
人类基因组计划的完成标志着生命科学已进入后基因组时代,蛋白质组学的研究被提升到了前所未有的高度,蛋白质组学旨在阐明基因组所表达的真正执行生命活动的全部蛋白质的表达规律和生物功能。伴随葡萄基因组测序工作的完成,有关葡萄蛋白质组学的研究迅速发展。对近年来蛋白质组学在葡萄上的研究进行了综述,内容主要包括:葡萄蛋白质样品的提取制备,葡萄果实发育和品质形成过程中蛋白质组的变化,葡萄果皮、细胞壁、质膜等特定组织材料的蛋白质组研究,及蛋白质组学在葡萄逆境胁迫、体细胞胚的发生等方面的研究,并对葡萄蛋白质组学的发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   
113.
Optimal sampling in retrospective logistic regression via two-stage method   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Case-control sampling is popular in epidemiological research because of its cost and time saving. In a logistic regression model, with limited knowledge on the covariance matrix of the point estimator of the regression coefficients a priori, there exists no fixed sample size analysis. In this study, we propose a two-stage sequential analysis, in which the optimal sample fraction and the required sample size to achieve a predetermined volume of a joint confidence set are estimated in an interim analysis. Additionally required observations are collected in the second stage according to the estimated optimal sample fraction. At the end of the experiment, data from these two stages are combined and analyzed for statistical inference. Simulation studies are conducted to justify the proposed two-stage procedure and an example is presented for illustration. It is found that the proposed two-stage procedure performs adequately in the sense that the resultant joint confidence set has a well-controlled volume and achieves the required coverage probability. Furthermore, the optimal sample fractions among all the selected scenarios are close to one. Hence, the proposed procedure can be simplified by always considering a balance design.  相似文献   
114.
Aims: The microbiological and toxicological quality of 51 samples of dried herbs (Melissa officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Malva sylvestris, Matricaria chamomilla, Alchemilla vulgaris and Centaurea cyanus) cultivated in family‐managed farms in Molise Region (Italy) was evaluated. Methods and Results: All the samples were analysed by using conventional methods, and for samples preparation, an alternative Washing and Shaking (WaS) protocol was developed to reduce release of antimicrobial compounds. None of the samples were of unsatisfactory quality with respect to aflatoxin B1, and only three samples from Malva sylvestris exceeded the limit of total aflatoxins according to Recommendation 2004/24/EC. The International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods limits for mesophilic bacteria and total coliforms were exceeded in the 29·4 and 3·9% of samples, respectively: 7·8% of samples also exceeded the limit for Escherichia coli established by European Spice Association. When the ‘WaS’ method was used, higher microbial counts were obtained, especially for A. vulgaris, S. officinalis and M. officinalis. Conclusions: Herbs cultivated in family‐managed small agricultural areas showed a good microbiological and toxicological quality, irrespectively of preliminary washing or selection procedures. Significance and Impact of the Study: Herb matrices may contain antimicrobial activity which should be considered when applying the conventional microbiological methods for sample preparation. Alternative preparation protocols may have advantages to reduce antimicrobial effects and should be further evaluated.  相似文献   
115.
Actin-binding protein anillin (ANLN) is primarily involved in the cytokinesis and known to be dysregulated in many cancers including gastric cancer (GC). However, the regulation and clinical significance of ANLN in GC are far less clear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and possible regulators of ANLN in GC. We have identified the Wnt/β-catenin associated regulation of ANLN by analyzing the in vitro perturbed β-catenin mRNA expression profiles. Investigating the gastric tumors from publicly available genome-wide mRNA expression profiles, we have identified the over expression of ANLN in gastric tumors. Association between ANLN expression and clinical characteristics of GC showed elevated expression in intestinal type GC. Performing a single sample prediction method across GC mRNA expression profiles, we have identified the over expression of ANLN in proliferative type gastric tumors compared to the invasive and metabolic type gastric tumors. In silico pathway prediction analysis revealed the association between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and ANLN expression in gastric tumors. Our results highlight that expression of a Wnt/β-catenin responsive gene ANLN in GC is a molecular predictor of intestinal and proliferative type gastric tumors.  相似文献   
116.
T3801C is a common polymorphism in CYP1A1, showing differences in its biological functions. Case–control studies have been performed to elucidate the role of T3801C in cancer, although the results are conflicting and heterogeneous. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between cancer susceptibility and T3801C (55,963 cases and 76,631 controls from 268 studies) polymorphism in different inheritance models. We used odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to assess the strength of the association. Overall, significantly increased cancer risk was observed in any genetic model (dominant model: odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.19; recessive model: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.12–1.34; CC vs. TT: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.19–1.45; TC vs. TT: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.07–1.18; additive model: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.09–1.19) when all eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. In further stratified and sensitivity analyses, the elevated risk remained for subgroups of cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer. In addition, significantly decreased colorectal cancer risk was also observed. In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that the participation of CYP1A1 T3801C is a genetic susceptibility for some cancer types. Moreover, our work also points out the importance of new studies for T3801C association in some cancer types, such as gallbladder cancer, Asians of acute myeloid leukemia, and thyroid cancer, where at least some of the covariates responsible for heterogeneity could be controlled, to obtain a more conclusive understanding about the function of the CYP1A1 T3801C polymorphism in cancer development.  相似文献   
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It is crucial for researchers to optimize RNA-seq experimental designs for differential expression detection. Currently, the field lacks general methods to estimate power and sample size for RNA-Seq in complex experimental designs, under the assumption of the negative binomial distribution. We simulate RNA-Seq count data based on parameters estimated from six widely different public data sets (including cell line comparison, tissue comparison, and cancer data sets) and calculate the statistical power in paired and unpaired sample experiments. We comprehensively compare five differential expression analysis packages (DESeq, edgeR, DESeq2, sSeq, and EBSeq) and evaluate their performance by power, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, and other metrics including areas under the curve (AUC), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and F-measures. DESeq2 and edgeR tend to give the best performance in general. Increasing sample size or sequencing depth increases power; however, increasing sample size is more potent than sequencing depth to increase power, especially when the sequencing depth reaches 20 million reads. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNA) yields lower power relative to the protein coding mRNAs, given their lower expression level in the same RNA-Seq experiment. On the other hand, paired-sample RNA-Seq significantly enhances the statistical power, confirming the importance of considering the multifactor experimental design. Finally, a local optimal power is achievable for a given budget constraint, and the dominant contributing factor is sample size rather than the sequencing depth. In conclusion, we provide a power analysis tool (http://www2.hawaii.edu/~lgarmire/RNASeqPowerCalculator.htm) that captures the dispersion in the data and can serve as a practical reference under the budget constraint of RNA-Seq experiments.  相似文献   
120.
从喀麦隆南部咯贝河入海处鉴定出6种链状分生孢子真菌,分别为灯芯草水枝孢Dendrosporajuncicola, 具缢链趾孢Phalangispora constricta Nawawi, 纳瓦链趾孢 P. nawawii, 具柄旋生孢Speiropsis pedatospora, 形旋生孢S. scopiformis, 连合韦氏孢Wiesneriomyces conjunctosporus。另有2类星形分生孢子归到枝孢属Dendrospora,但未鉴定到种。咯贝河的星形分生孢子真菌与来自马来西亚及其它热带地区的种类相似。  相似文献   
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