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91.
Thirty four samples of rice bran, of which 9 were from raw (untreated) rice (RR) and 25 from parboiled rice (PbR) were collected from commercial rice mills in and around Madras and analysed for storage mycoflora and mycotoxins. Fungi of the Aspergillus flavus group were present in 29 of the 34 samples (8 from RR and 21 from PbR) in quantities ranging from <1–432 thousand propagules/g, though not always as the dominant mycoflora. Fungal numbers were usually higher in RR than in PbR samples.Five of the 9 RR samples and 6 of the 25 PbR samples were positive for aflatoxins. Among 29 isolates of A. flavus obtained from the bran samples, 16 isolates –6 from RR bran and 10 from PbR bran — were found to be toxigenic in vitro. Some isolates of A. candidus also seemed to produce aflatoxin and other fluorescent substances. 相似文献
92.
Effect of peanut tannin extracts on growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and aflatoxin production 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hassan A. Azaizeh Robert E. Pettit Bachir A. Sarr T. D. Phillips 《Mycopathologia》1990,110(3):125-132
Twenty-three peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were evaluated for kernel resistance to Aspergillus parasiticus Spear. colonization and aflatoxin contamination when incubated under high relative humidity. Also, tannin-containing extracts from kernel coats (testae) and cotyledons of these genotypes were prepared and tested for their effect on A. parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production in vitro. The lowest degree of colonization, less than 30% was noted in kernels from the genotypes, Toalson x UF 73-4022 (selections TX-798731 and TX-798736), A72118, SN 55-437, PI337409, and Florunner. Genotypes with low levels of colonization also had the lowest aflatoxin contamination. The coefficient of correlation between infection frequency and aflatoxin contamination was 0.66. Higher levels of tannins were detected in the testae (23.9–97.2 mg g tissue) compared to the cotyledons (0.17–0.82 mg g tissue). Some of the methanol-extracted and water-soluble tannin extracts from testae and cotyledons, when incorporated in yeast extract sucrose liquid medium (100 mg l), significantly inhibited A. parasiticus growth and reduced the levels of aflatoxin produced. There was no overall correlation between the peanut genotypes and the influence of tannin extracts on A. parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production. However, correlations were higher for specific genotypes. For example, the coefficient of correlation between the ability of tannin extracts from testae of genotypes PI337409 and TX-798736 to inhibit aflatoxin production was 0.93 and 0.85 respectively. 相似文献
93.
Versicolorin A hemiacetal was converted to versicolorin C in cell-free systems fromAspergillus parasiticus. The rate of reaction catalyzed by the 35–70% ammonium sulfate fraction was 0.43 nmol min–1 mg–1 with NADPH as cosubstrate and 0.17 nmol. min–1 mg–1 with NADH at 25°C at pH 7.4. The product from incubation of 17-hdyroxy-16,17-dihydrosterigmatocystin with the 35–70% ammonium sulfate fraction and NADPH was a polar compound which was converted to dihydrosterigmatocystin by 0.4 M HCl. The olar comound is proposed to be the 14,17-hydrated open-chain derivative of dihydrosterigmatocystin. Aflatoxin G2a was also reduced in this system to a polar product tentatively identified as the 13,16-hydrated open-chain derivative of AFG2. The reductase activity may be involved in the formation of reduced intermediates and aflatoxins in cultures ofA. parasiticus. 相似文献
94.
A group of five children with kwashiorkor, seven with marasmic kwashiorkor and one underweight child were given an aflatoxin-free diet consisting of maize meal and milk powder. Blood specimens were collected on admission; on day 4 and 10, 24 hour urine and stool samples were collected for the first ten days. Serum, urine and stool samples were analysed for aflatoxins using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection, after various extraction and clean-up procedures. The children with kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor excreted aflatoxins in stools for up to 9 and 6 days after admission respectively. No aflatoxins were detected in the stools or urine of the underweight child. In kwashiorkor, urinary excretion ceased after 2 days, while in marasmic kwashiorkor urinary excretion persisted for 4 days. In stools, B1 was the type of aflatoxin detected most frequently in kwashiorkor and least frequently in marasmic kwashiorkor. Aflatoxin M2 was frequently detected in the stools of both groups of children.Estimates of the total amount of aflatoxin excreted by kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor indicate that these children were harbouring up to 4 g/kg body weight at the time of admission.These findings establish that aflatoxins accumulate in body fluids and tissues in kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor which is only slowly eliminated. 相似文献
95.
From 40 peanut seed samples collected in Egypt, forty-three species and one variety of fungi, belonging to 16 genera, were collected. The most dominant genera were Aspergillus (11 species + one variety), Penicillium (11 species) and Fusarium (4 species). From the preceding genera A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, P. chrysogenum and F. oxysporum were the most frequent species.Forty-nine isolates belonging to 12 species and one variety were tested for production of mycotoxins, after growth on liquid medium containing two carbon sources (sucrose or cellulose). Thin layer chromatographic analysis revealed that the quality and quantity of mycotoxins was higher on sucrose than cellulose. Mycotoxins identified were aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2, citrinin; fumagillin; diacetoxyscirpenol T-2 toxin; satratoxin H; and zearalenone. 相似文献
96.
Oliveira GR Ribeiro JM Fraga ME Cavaglieri LR Direito GM Keller KM Dalcero AM Rosa CA 《Mycopathologia》2006,162(5):355-362
The intake of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to nutrient losses and may have adverse effects on animal health and on
productivity. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the mycobiota present in poultry feed samples, and (2) to evaluate
the natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1 and zearalenone. Fungal counts were similar between all culture media tested (103 CFU g−1). The most frequent genus isolated was Penicillium spp. (41.26%) followed by Aspergillus spp. (33.33%) and Fusarium spp. (20.63%). High precision liquid chromatography was applied to quantify aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1. Thin layer chromatography was used to determine zearalenone levels. Aflatoxin B1 values ranged between 1.2 and 17.5 μg kg−1. Fumonisin B1 levels ranged between 1.5 and 5.5 μg g−1. Zearalenone levels ranged between 0.1 and 7 μg g−1. The present study shows the simultaneous occurrence of two carcinogenic mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1, together with another Fusarium mycotoxin (zearalenone) in␣feed intended for poultry consumption. Many samples contained AFB1 levels near the permissible maximum and it could affect young animals. A synergistic toxic response is possible in animals
under simultaneous exposure. 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):2329-2332
Dillapiol was isolated from the essential oil of dill as a specific inhibitor of aflatoxin G1 production. It inhibited aflatoxin G1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus with an IC50 value of 0.15 μM without inhibiting aflatoxin B1 production or fungal growth. Apiol and myristicin, congeners of dillapiol, showed similar activity with IC50 values of 0.24 and 3.5 μM, respectively. 相似文献
100.