应用环介导等温扩增技术检测铜绿假单胞菌OprD2基因的临床研究

目的:评价检测铜绿假单胞菌外膜孔蛋白OprD2基因缺失的环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)的应用价值,从而为临床早期诊断耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌(IRPA)以及治疗方案的制定提供参考依据。方法:收集2016年1月至2016年12月上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院临床分离的IRPA,MicroScan WalkAway-96 plus全自动鉴定及药敏系统检测最低抑菌浓度(MIC),应用LAMP法检测OprD2基因的缺失,并与实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)法进行比较。结果:50株样本中,DNA A260/280均≧1.72,而DNA浓度均370 ng/μL,6号和49号样本甚至2000 ng/μL。LAMP法检测50株IRPA的OprD2基因,结果显示26株阳性,其余24株为阴性,缺失率为48.0%;Real-time PCR法检测结果显示,50株IRPA的OprD2基因阳性和阴性分别为26株、24株,LAMP法检测结果与Real-time PCR法具有一致性。结论:针对靶点OprD2基因设计引物的LAMP法是一种快速、简便且便于临床实验室应用的方法,其检测结果与Real-time PCR法具有高度一致性。     

超声心动图检查对慢性肺源性心脏病患者右心功能的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声心动图检查对慢性肺源性心脏病患者右心功能的诊断价值。方法:选取2016年8月至2017年12月间本院收治的35例慢性肺源性心脏病患者作为实验组,并选择同期健康体检者35例作为对照组,全部受试者均给予超声心动图检查。分别比较两组右房横径(RA)、右室前后径(RV)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)、射血分数(EF)、舒张晚期A波峰值流速与舒张早期E波峰值流速的比值(A/E)和右心室Tei指数。同时比较实验组采用常规12导联心电图检查及超声心动图检查的诊断阳性率、右心扩大阳性率和右心扩大伴心衰阳性率。结果:与对照组相比,实验组RA、RV以及MPAP均升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组EF明显降低,而A/E值、Tei指数明显升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组超声心动图检查的诊断阳性率、右心扩大阳性率和右心扩大伴心衰阳性率均高于常规12导联心电图检查(P0.05)。结论:应用超声心动图检查能够有效诊断慢性肺源性心脏病患者的右心功能,而且操作简单方便,诊断阳性率较高。     

可吸收棒与微型钛板在桡骨小头骨折治疗中的应用价值

目的:探讨可吸收棒与微型钛板在桡骨小头骨折治疗中的临床效果和应用价值的研究。方法:回顾性选取2014年1月-2017年1月于医院骨科诊治的桡骨小头骨折患者58例,根据不同的治疗方式分为两组,其中对照组28例患者采用微型钛板治疗;研究组30例患者采取可吸收棒治疗,患者术后均以石膏固定4周后,采用X射线复查恢复情况,统计两组患者的骨性愈合时间、肘关节HHS评分及并发症发生情况。结果:(1)两组患者在2年内骨折均愈合,研究组患者的骨性愈合时间(13.86±2.05)周明显少于对照组患者的骨性愈合时间(15.54±2.71)周(P0.05);(2)治疗后4周,研究组患者的肘关节HHS评分为(95.32±4.14)分明显高于对照组患者的(82.48±5.27)分(P均0.05);(3)研究组患者中仅有1例发生骨延迟愈合,对照组患者中2例肘关节活动范围缺失、2例骨折位移、1例肘关节骨关节炎,并发症发生率分别为3.33%和17.85%存在显著差异(P均0.05)。结论:桡骨小头骨折患者肘关节损伤严重,采用可吸收棒治疗能取得与微型钛板相似的治疗效果,并且患者的骨性愈合时间短、肘关节功能恢复较快,同时避免并发症的发生。     

青甘韭花叶开发利用现状与营养品质分析

对产于西藏的青甘韭就其花叶的开发利用现状进行了介绍,并对芳香物质与常规营养品质进行了测试分析。结果表明:(1)产地农牧民将青甘韭在花期采收地上部(包括叶与花)砸碎阴干处理后作为佐料食用。(2)青甘韭具有一定观赏价值,可在花镜、花坛、专题园、林下(作为地被)、假山等景观中应用。(3)青甘韭花和叶中芳香物质含量差异非常明显,在花中检测到23种芳香物质,可分为7大类;在叶中检测到8种芳香物质,可分为3大类;花和叶中共有芳香物质为丙醛、乙醚、二甲基二硫化物、二丙基二硫化物4种,除二甲基二硫化物相对含量在花和叶中比较接近外,其他3种差异巨大。VC、可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均是花高于叶,花中含量分别是叶中的1.4倍、2.4倍和7.4倍,且均呈极显著差异。     

DTI定量参数对脑胶质瘤的诊断价值及其与血管内皮生长因子、细胞核增殖相关抗原的关系

目的:探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)定量参数对脑胶质瘤的诊断价值及其与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、细胞核增殖相关抗原(Ki-67)的关系。方法:选取2014年6月到2017年6月期间在我院接受治疗的90例脑胶质瘤患者,根据病理分级的不同分为中低级别组(n=46)和高级别组(n=44),比较两组患者表观扩散系数(ADC)值、各向异性分数(FA)值、相对表观扩散系数(rADC)值、相对各向异性分数(rFA)值、VEGF和Ki-67的阳性率,分析ADC值、FA值、rADC值、rFA值与VEGF、Ki-67表达的相关性。结果:高级别组的ADC值、FA值、rADC值和rFA值低于中低级别组(P0.05)。高级别组病理组织中VEGF、Ki-67的阳性表达率高于中低级别组(P0.05)。经Spearman相关分析显示,ADC值、FA值、rADC值和rFA值与VEGF、Ki-67的表达水平均呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:DTI定量参数与脑胶质瘤病理分级和VEGF、Ki-67的表达水平密切相关。     

Temperature and humidity acclimation increase desiccation resistance in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana

Desiccation resistance, that is, the ability to reduce water loss, is an ecologically important trait relevant to all terrestrial organisms, which may constrain species distributions. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have investigated plastic capacities in desiccation resistance. We here investigate plastic responses in body mass change, used as a proxy of desiccation resistance, to variation in temperature and relative humidity in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Our results indicate that butterflies acclimated to a higher (27 °C) compared with a lower temperature (18 °C) and a lower (50%) compared with a higher (90%) relative humidity displayed a decreased loss of body mass, and therefore likely a loss of body water (27 °C: 11%, 18 °C: 15%; 50% r.h.: 14%, 90% r.h.: 18%). Thus, mass loss was reduced under conditions indicating increased desiccation risk, suggesting adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Effects were most pronounced during the first 24 h after acclimation, indicating quick and transient responses to environmental conditions. As anthropogenic climate change is predicted to increase the magnitude and frequency of heat and drought periods, we argue that more studies on plastic capacities in traits relating to desiccation resistance are needed to better understand species responses.     

Cope's rule and the adaptive landscape of dinosaur body size evolution

The largest known dinosaurs weighed at least 20 million times as much as the smallest, indicating exceptional phenotypic divergence. Previous studies have focused on extreme giant sizes, tests of Cope's rule, and miniaturization on the line leading to birds. We use non‐uniform macroevolutionary models based on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck and trend processes to unify these observations, asking: what patterns of evolutionary rates, directionality and constraint explain the diversification of dinosaur body mass? We find that dinosaur evolution is constrained by attraction to discrete body size optima that undergo rare, but abrupt, evolutionary shifts. This model explains both the rarity of multi‐lineage directional trends, and the occurrence of abrupt directional excursions during the origins of groups such as tiny pygostylian birds and giant sauropods. Most expansion of trait space results from rare, constraint‐breaking innovations in just a small number of lineages. These lineages shifted rapidly into novel regions of trait space, occasionally to small sizes, but most often to large or giant sizes. As with Cenozoic mammals, intermediate body sizes were typically attained only transiently by lineages on a trajectory from small to large size. This demonstrates that bimodality in the macroevolutionary adaptive landscape for land vertebrates has existed for more than 200 million years.     

Heterogeneity in local density allows a positive evolutionary relationship between self‐fertilisation and dispersal

Despite empirical evidence for a positive relationship between dispersal and self‐fertilization (selfing), theoretical work predicts that these traits should always be negatively correlated, and the Good Coloniser Syndrome of high dispersal and selfing (Cf. Baker's Law) should not evolve. Critically, previous work assumes that adult density is spatiotemporally homogeneous, so selfing results in identical offspring production for all patches, eliminating the benefit of dispersal for escaping from local resource competition. We investigate the joint evolution of dispersal and selfing in a demographically structured metapopulation model where local density is spatiotemporally heterogeneous due to extinction‐recolonization dynamics. Selfing alleviates outcrossing failure due to low local density (an Allee effect) while dispersal alleviates competition through dispersal of propagules from high‐ to low‐density patches. Because local density is spatiotemporally heterogeneous in our model, selfing does not eliminate heterogeneity in competition, so dispersal remains beneficial even under full selfing. Hence the Good Coloniser Syndrome is evolutionarily stable under a broad range of conditions, and both negative and positive relationships between dispersal and selfing are possible, depending on the environment. Our model thus accommodates positive empirical relationships between dispersal and selfing not predicted by previous theoretical work and provides additional explanations for negative relationships.