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11.
The production of d-aminoacylase by Alcaligenes denitrificans and Alcaligenes faecalis has been studied. The enzyme was inducibly produced and N-acetyl-d-leucine and N-acetyl-d-valine were the most effective inducers. d-methionine, d-valine, d-phenylalamine and d-leucine were produced by the enzymic hydrolysis of the appropriate N-acetyl-d-amino-acids with whole cell biomass. The hydrolysis of N-acetyl-d-methionine by A. denitrificans and N-acetyl-d-valine by A. faecalis was preferential. Maximum yields of d-methionine and d-valine were 94.3 and 84.7% at a specific product formation rate of 20.10 and 19.19 μmol min−1 mg−1 of wet cells at 20 mM substrate concentration and 5 mg ml−1 of cell density. 相似文献
12.
Preparation of chloroplast DNA from pea plastids isolated in a medium of high ionic strength 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
A simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for the preparation and purification of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from pea has been developed. The crucial step is the isolation of chloroplasts in a medium of high ionic strength (I congruent equal to 1.40 M). CpDNA from pea prepared according to this method has successfully been used for restriction enzyme mapping, Southern transfers, and cloning. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Jsselstijn J. Kaiser F. L. van Delft H. E. Schoemaker F. P. J. T. Rutjes 《Amino acids》2003,24(3):263-266
Summary. Novel synthetic procedures for the modification of non-proteinogenic acetylene-containing amino acids have been developed.
The functionalization either proceeds via zinc/copper-mediated introduction of alkyl substituents, or via tungsten-catalyzed
ring-closing alkyne metathesis reactions.
Received March 28, 2002 Accepted October 3, 2002 Published online December 18, 2002
Acknowledgements These investigations are supported (in part) by the Netherlands Research Council for Chemical Sciences (CW) with financial
aid from the Netherlands Technology Foundation (STW).
Authors' address: Floris P. J. T. Rutjes, Prof. Dr., Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen,
The Netherlands, E-mail: rutjes@sci.kun.nl
2, selected data: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.32 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.44–4.40 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.75–2.73 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 171.0, 155.0, 80.3, 74.6, 52.6, 51.9, 41.7, 28.3, 24.0; mp = 55°C.
Typical procedure for 5: zinc dust (116 mg, 1.408 mmol) was weighed into a 20 mL flask, which was repeatedly evacuated (with heating using a heat
gun) and flushed with argon. Dry DMF (0.5 mL, distilled from CaH2) and 1,2-dibromoethane (9.2 μL, 0.106 mmol) were added and the flask was heated at 80°C for 40 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature,
trimethylsilyl chloride (4 μL, 0.035 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred vigorously for a further 30 min under argon. Iodocyclohexane
(69 μl, 0.528 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 3 h more after which stirring was ceased to settle the zinc.
CuCN (41 mg, 0.458 mmol) and LiCl (40 mg, 0.915 mmol) were heated to 150°C for 2 h and cooled to room temperature. Addition
of DMF (1 mL) formed a soluble CuCN·2LiCl complex within 5 min. After cooling the Cu-complex to −15°C, the organozinc reagent
was added dropwise followed by the bromoacetylene 2 (116 mg, 0.352 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. Water was added and the suspension was
extracted using heptane, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Purification using flash column chromatography (10% EtOAc in heptane) yielded 5 (100 mg, 81%) as a colorless oil. 5: IR ν 3355, 2929, 2852, 2359, 2337, 1749, 1717, 1498, 1447, 1365, 1251, 1181, 1060; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.28 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.43–4.38 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.69–2.63 (m, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 1.73–1.22 (m, 10H), 1.43 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 171.4, 155.0, 88.1, 79.9, 73.8, 52.3, 32.7, 32.7, 28.8, 28.2, 25.8, 24.6, 23.1; HRMS (EI): calculated for C17H27NO4 309.1940, found 309.1937.
A solution of the tungsten catalyst (7 mg, 10 mol%) in C6H5Cl (2 mL) was treated with a solution of 14 (49.0 mg, 0.120 mmol) in C6H5Cl (5.0 mL) under an argon atmosphere and the resulting mixture was heated at 80°C for 3 h. Evaporation followed by flash
column chromatography (80% EtOAc in heptane) afforded 15 (21.0 mg, 50%; 64% after correction for starting material) and 14 (16 mg, 33%) as colorless oils. 15: [α]D =–14.6 (c = 1, CH2Cl2); IR ν 3313, 2931, 2865, 2249, 1744, 1667, 1520, 1366, 1170; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.14 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.08 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (q, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.17–2.15 (m, 4H), 2.07–1.96 (m, 2H), 1.79–1.52 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.89–0.83 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 173.2, 171.8, 155.8, 80.4, 80.2, 79.3, 53.8, 52.5, 51.2, 32.8 (2×), 28.1, 24.6, 24.2, 18.3 (2×); HRMS (EI): calculated for
C18H28N2O5 相似文献
14.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2016,24(8):1778-1785
As part of a selection strategy for artificial nucleic acids (XNA) (to be considered as potential new information systems in vivo), we have carried out a modelling study on cyclohexanyl nucleic acids (CNA) duplexes and hairpins. CNA may form a duplex as well as hairpin structures, having the carbocyclic nucleosides in the 4C1 conformation (with equatorial basis). The geometry of ds CNA is close to that of a HNA:RNA duplex. We demonstrated that CNA triphosphates function as a substrate for polymerases. Modelling experiments indicate that the monomers are probably presented to the polymerase in the 1C4 conformation. 相似文献
15.
Summary. Both 1,4-benzoquinones and 1,4-naphthoquinones were attached to the non-proteinogenic amino acid taurine to form N-quinonyl
taurine derivatives. The products were formed via the direct Michael-like addition or by substitution of a good leaving group.
An attempt to bridge the two moieties via an ureido spacer resulted in the formation of a bis-quinonylamino isocyanurate derivative.
Preliminary MO calculations provided internal ground-state geometries and orbital coefficients of the HOMO levels in two representing
taurine conjugates.
Received May 6, 2002 Accepted August 13, 2002 Published online December 18, 2002
Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation founded by the Academy of Science and Humanities. We wish to
thank Ms. Ethel Solomon for skilled technical help.
Authors' address: Prof. Shmuel Bittner, Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel,
Fax: (972)-8-6472943, E-mail: bittner@bgumail.bgu.ac.il 相似文献
16.
Acholeplasma laidlawii cells were grown in cholesterol-enriched medium and exposed continuously to either air (control), 4.0 vol.% halothane in air at 1 atm pressure (4% atm halothane), or 80% cyclopropane in oxygen for 24 h at 37°C. Cells grown in the presence of 4% atm halothane or 80% cyclopropane had approximately twice as much membrane cholesterol content/mg protein as the control cells. Cells grown in an anesthetic environment also tended to have a higher membrane cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio compared to control cells. Membranes isolated from halothane-exposed cells grown in a cholesterol-enriched medium were more ordered at 37°C (measurements were made with no anesthetic present) than membranes from control cells grown in an identically enriched medium. This difference in membrane physical state between control and anesthetic-exposed cells decreased as the temperature decreased, and disappeared at approx. 23°C. Continuous exposure of A. laidlawii to 4% atm halothane or 80% cyclopropane for 24 h did not markedly affect membrane fatty acid composition, either in cells grown on an unsupplemented medium or in cells grown in a medium enriched in myristic, palmitic or stearic acids. These results further support the hypothesis that an increased membrane cholesterol content may play a role in the tolerance or dependence that develops after chronic exposure to anesthetic agents. 相似文献
17.
The inhibition of lipid synthesis in vitro in the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, by factors from the corpora cardiaca 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT. The rate of lipid synthesis from [14 C]acetate in fat body from Schistocerca americana gregaria has been studied in vitro. Maximum incorporation is found on days 6–10 in adults and day 4 of the fifth stadium. The label appeared in the fatty acid components of triacyl-glycerol, diacylglycerol and phospholipid.
Lipid synthesis in vitro was inhibited by extracts of corpora cardiaca, and such inhibition was most marked (up to 85%) in fat bodies from insects at stages where fatty acid synthesis was greatest. HPLC separation of corpora cardiaca extracts gave several active fractions of which the most active was adipokinetic hormone 1 (AKH-1). 相似文献
Lipid synthesis in vitro was inhibited by extracts of corpora cardiaca, and such inhibition was most marked (up to 85%) in fat bodies from insects at stages where fatty acid synthesis was greatest. HPLC separation of corpora cardiaca extracts gave several active fractions of which the most active was adipokinetic hormone 1 (AKH-1). 相似文献
18.
19.
《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》2013,31(1-4):1-30
Peptides, and oligosaccharides and glycosides, can be synthesised by making use of the ‘reverse hydrolytic activity’ of proteases and glycosidases respectively. In applying these enzymes to the practical synthesis of these classes of compound, several factors need to be considered, namely the need to shift the rate-determining step through the use of activated substrates, the need to minimise competing hydrolysis of these and the need to minimise hydrolysis of the products. In spite of these problems, the enzymatic methods have many attractive features, not least amongst which is the absolute control of stereochemistry in acyl transfer and glycosyl transfer respectively. 相似文献
20.
A. Vuillemin D. Ariztegui G. Nobbe C. J. Schubert the Pasado Science Team 《Geomicrobiology journal》2014,31(4):285-298
Methanogenic populations were investigated in subsaline Laguna Potrok Aike sediments, southern Argentina. Microbial density and activity were assessed via cell count and in situ ATP detection for the last ~11K years. Methanogen phylogenetics highlighted species stratification throughout depth, whereas CO2 reduction was the major pathway leading to methane production. Organic substrates, characterized using pore water analysis, bulk organic fractions and saturated fatty acids, showed a clear link between sediment colonization and initial organic sources. Concentrations and δ13C compositions of methane and fatty acids provided final evidence of a microbial imprint on Holocene organic proxies in the most colonized intervals. 相似文献