两面针化学成分、药理活性及抗肿瘤机制研究进展

本文主要结合近几年的国内外研究报道,综述了中国传统中草药-两面针的化学成分、药理活性及临床疗效等方面的研究进展;并结合作者所在课题组的研究成果,重点介绍了两面针生物碱及其金属配合物的抗肿瘤活性研究。     

椒莪脂质体的制备及其质量标准的建立

目的:将椒莪油制成脂质体,优选制备工艺,建立质量标准。方法:采用薄膜超声法制备椒莪脂质体,通过正交实验优选处方和制备工艺,HPLC、GC建立其质量标准。结果:最佳处方为卵磷脂:胆固醇7:1,卵磷脂:油3.5:1;HPLC法测定脂质体中莪术油的含量,建立标准曲线,回归方程为Y=14958X+16795,r=0.9996;椒目仁油的测定方法同前文报道。得到的脂质体形态均一,包封率在75%左右。结论:建立的制备工艺简单,便于操作;检测方法的精密度、回收率均符合要求。     

中国花椒属(广义)叶结构研究

对国产花椒属32种4变种叶结构特征进行了研究。结果发现,花椒属叶脉均属于羽状脉弓形脉序类型;叶齿具全缘、具齿或钝齿3种类型;二级叶脉有分支或不分支;三级叶脉有分支、网状和及顶3种类型;多数种类叶齿无腺点,仅4种叶齿有腺点。叶结构研究结果支持花椒亚属和崖椒亚属的亚属等级,它们共同组成广义的花椒属,并支持花椒属为芸香科中比较原始类群的观点;但不支持Engler将花椒亚属和崖椒亚属独立成属的分类处理。基于重要外部形态学特征和叶结构特征,重新对花椒属下两个亚属的检索表进行了修订。     

单面针的生物碱研究

自芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属植物单面针(Zanthoxylum nitidum var. fastuosum How ex Huang)的根皮中分得五种已知生物碱:乙氧基白屈菜红碱(ethoxychelerythrine)(Ⅰ);氯化光花椒碱(nitidine chloride)(Ⅱ);去甲基白屈菜红碱(des-N-methychelerythrine)(Ⅲ);α—别隐品碱(α-allocryptopine)(Ⅳ);鹅掌揪宁(liriodenine)(Ⅴ).     

花椒和野花椒的无融合生殖

花椒与野花椒的胚囊发育类型属蓼型,成熟胚囊的卵器退化。花椒无雄花,不发生双受精,自发形成胚乳并产生珠心胚。野花椒虽有正常花粉,人工授粉后能萌发,但在花粉管长入胚囊之前卵器已解体,中央细胞中已形成胚乳游离核,因此也不发生双受精,由珠心细胞自发形成胚。这种现象是花椒和野花椒在长期进化过程中形成的一种十分特化的适应。     

The regeneration of pioneer tree species under browsing pressure of Sika deer in an evergreen oak forest

The effects of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) browsing on the regeneration of pioneer species were studied in relation to canopy gaps in a warm temperate evergreen oak forest in Kasugayama, Nara City. Four study sites, three in canopy gaps and one under a closed canopy, were selected and each divided into fenced and unfenced plots. Under the closed canopy, seedlings of all the pioneer species died irrespective of browsing pressure. However, in the canopy gap sites, seedlings of the pioneer species could establish and grow well. The seedling survival ratio in the fenced plots in the canopy gaps was >60% 1 year after germination. However, in the unfenced plots, only <20% of the seedlings survived 1 year, with all dying within 3 years after germination. Thus, the regeneration of pioneer trees in this forest was strongly inhibited by deer browsing. Successful regeneration of a pioneer,Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, occurred for several years even after two major wind disturbances during the past 90 years. This may be due to less browsing pressure from the deer.     

狭叶花椒化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

从芸香科植物狄叶花椒(Zanthoxylum stenophyllum Hemls)根皮中分到5个化合物。通过IR,Uv,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,¹H-¹Hcosy,¹³CNMR-APT,¹³CNMR-DEPT,元素分析等手段,单体分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),双狭叶花椒碱(bistenofine),鹅掌楸宁(liridenine),Decarine,Arnottianamide。其中双狭叶花椒碱是一种新生物碱。     

刺异叶花椒中的生物碱和香豆素类成分

从刺异叶花椒根的木质部中分得６种生物碱,分别为铁屎米－６－酮,乙氧基白屈菜红碱、去甲基白屈苯红碱、白藓碱、勒碱、氧化勒碱,以及３种香豆素类化合物,滨蒿内酯、东莨菪内酯和异东莨菪内酯。利用化学方法和光谱数据证实了它们的结构。这些生物碱和香豆素类成分在广义花椒属的化学分类和应用研究中均具有重要意义。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取技术在花椒麻味成分分离中的应用研究

要在超临界迷流体萃取花椒过程中,使用乙醇作为夹带剂,将花椒中的麻味成分如山椒素等萃取分离出来,探讨了萃取压力、温度以及夹带荆纯度等因素对萃取效果的影响。得到最佳萃取工艺：夹带剂加入量为5％,纯度为80％,萃取压力为30Mpa。温度为50℃,时间为1h。     

A comparative study on the alkaloids of Zanthoxylum leprieurii, Z. lemairei and Z. rubescens from Ghana

Previous reports on the alkaloids of Z. leprieurii, Z. lemairei and Z. rubescens are reviewed. The alkaloids from nine specimens collected in Ghana have been examined chromatographically and the implications of the findings discussed, with special reference to the distinction between Z. leprieurii and Z. rubescens. In addition three further compounds, dihydrochelerythrine, lupeol and sesamin are reported for the first time from Z. leprieurii. The overall value of alkaloids as systematic markers in Zanthoxylum in Africa is briefly discussed.