狭叶花椒化学成分研究——Ⅰ.Yangambin的分离鉴定

从芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属植物抉叶花椒(Zanthoxylum stenophyllum Hemsl.)根皮中分到一种木脂体,通过MS、IR、UV、NMR、DEPT和双共振技术,确定其结构为(IR,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-Bis(3,4,5-trime-thoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxan-bicyclo[3,3,0]Octane.即Yangambin。     

Protectability of nine Nigerian medicinal plants against cowpea beetle,Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchiidae) in storage

A study was conducted to examine the protectability of nine Nigerian medicinal plants against Callosobruchus maculatus at an ambient temperature of 28?±?2?°C and relative humidity of 70?±?5%. The nine plants used were dried and milled into fine powder before application. Among the nine plant powders used, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides effected highest mortality rate of 73.40 and 100% at 5% (wt/wt) concentration within two and three days of application, respectively. The effect of this plant at this level of concentration was significantly (p?<?0.05) different from other plants. However, all the plant powders effected high mortality rate as they all achieved more than 50% beetle mortality within four days of application at 20% (wt/wt) concentration. Only the powder of Z. zanthoxyloides at 10% (wt/wt) concentration was able to achieve 0% adult emergence, 0% seed damage and 100% damage reduction. Moreover, powder of Z. zanthoxyloides, Aristolochia ringens and Colocasia esculenta at 20% (wt/wt) was also able to prevent the emergence of adult C. maculatus, prevent seed damage and achieve 100% damage reduction. All the powders had low weevil perforation index when compared to the control which had above 50% weevil perforation index. At all levels of concentration, the effect of the powders was significantly (p?<?0.05) different from the control. However, Z. xanthoxyloides appeared to be the most effective; therefore, the effective utilisation of Z. xanthoxyloides as a botanical pesticide could minimise the use of hazardous chemicals in stored product pest control since it is of a botanical source.     

Isolation and Some Physico-chemical Properties of the Acidic Subunits of Soybean 11S Globulin

Four kinds of acidic subunits and three kinds of basic subunits of 11S globulin were separated by polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis in the urea system. The four acidic subunits designated as A₁, A₂, A₃ and A₄ (R_m=0.35, 0.40, 0.46 and 0.56 respectively) were isolated by stepwise elution followed by repeating gradient elution with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 in the presence of 6 m urea at 5°C.

Subsequently, some physico-chemical properties of the subunits were determined. For example, N-terminal amino acids were determined as phenylalanine for both A₁ and A₂ and as leucine (or isoleucine) for both A₃ and A₄ by the DNP-amino acid method. The molecular weights of A₁, A₂ and A₃ were shown as 37,000 and 45,000 for A₄ by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The amino acid compositions of the acidic subunits were roughly similar to each other, but some remarkable differences were observed in the content of basic amino acids (lysine, histidine and arginine), serine and proline.     

Antifungal constituents of Northern prickly ash, Zanthoxylum americanum Mill.

Leaf, fruit, stem, bark and root of Zanthoxylum americanum were investigated for antifungal activity with 11 strains of fungi representing diverse opportunistic and systemic pathogens, including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus. All extracts demonstrated a broad spectrum of antifungal activity and inhibited at least eight fungal species in a disk diffusion assay (600 microg/disk). Antifungal activity was light-dependent, with fruit and leaf extracts most active in general. The presence of light-mediated compounds, such as psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen and imperatorin in extracts of different organs was confirmed by RP-HPLC. A high furanocoumarin content was detected in fruit and leaf and low furanocoumarin levels were found in bark and wood. A high positive correlation was observed between total furanocoumarin content and fungal inhibition zones (r2=0.902, p<0.001). The results provide a phytochemical basis for the very widespread use of Z. americanum in indigenous North American ethnomedical tradition for conditions that may be related to fungal infections.     

Alkaloids from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum and their antiviral and antifungal effects

Five alkaloids, 5,6-dihydro-6-methoxynitidine (1), dictamnine (2), gamma-fagarine (3), skimmianine (4), and 5-methoxydictamnine (5), were isolated from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and X-ray analysis. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 showed in vitro antiviral effect against hepatitis B virus, and compounds 2, 3, and 5 demonstrated marked antimitotic and antifungal activity.     

Sensory Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Pericarps

Zanthoxylum bungeanum extracts were prepared using seven solvents: water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and benzene. The volatile composition in the extracts was qualitatively analyzed using headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection, and the alkylamide composition was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The extract compositions differed with respect to the solvents. A total of 49 volatile components belonging to four groups, terpenoids, alcohols, esters, and ketones, were identified in the extracts. The Z. bungeanum extracts were either ester or terpenoid type, dominated by linalyl acetate. The extracts were divided into three distinct groups based on principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Water, methanol, and ethanol extracts could be applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

刺壳椒化学成分研究

刺壳椒又名三百棒 ,系芸香科花椒属植物。其根、茎、果实均可供药用〔1,2〕。刺壳椒化学成分的研究尚未见报道。我们曾对数种原产于中国的花椒属植物进行过化学成分的研究 〔3～ 12〕,并讨论了花椒属中Zanthoxylum和 Fagara2个亚属合并为广义的 Zanthoxylum的合理性〔13〕。为了寻找新的生物活性成分 ,并给花椒属的化学系统学提供一定依据 ,我们初步研究了刺壳椒的化学成分 ,从其茎的乙醇提取物中分得 9个化合物 ,其中 6个分别鉴定为白藓碱 ( ) ,γ-花椒碱 ( ) ,6,7,8-三甲氧基香豆素 ( ) ,β-谷甾醇 ( ) ,胡箩卜甙 ( )和一长链混合脂肪酸…