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91.
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are considered to transduce extracellular signals across the membrane through changes in their PTP activity, however, our understanding of the regulatory mechanism is still limited. Here, we show that pleiotrophin (PTN), a natural ligand for protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (Ptprz) (also called PTPzeta/RPTPbeta), inactivates Ptprz through oligomerization and increases the tyrosine phosphorylation of substrates for Ptprz, G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interactor 1 (Git1) and membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1 (Magi1). Oligomerization of Ptprz by an artificial dimerizer or polyclonal antibodies against its extracellular region also leads to inactivation, indicating that Ptprz is active in the monomeric form and inactivated by ligand-induced oligomerization. 相似文献
92.
槐庶尺蛾性信息素腺体EAG活性成分绝对构型的鉴定(英文) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
槐庶尺蛾Semiothisa cinerearia Bremer et Grey (鳞翅目: 尺蛾科)是我国北方国槐Sophora japonica L.上的重要食叶害虫。本研究的主要目的是阐明槐庶尺蛾性信息素成分化学结构的绝对构型, 为在城市地区环境友好地防控槐庶尺蛾的为害提供一种新方法。经与标准品比较气相色谱保留时间和质谱特征离子, 从槐庶尺蛾处女雌蛾(2-3日龄)性信息素腺体溶剂提取物中检测到顺6, 顺9-顺-3, 4-环氧-十七碳二烯烃和顺3, 顺6, 顺9-3, 6, 9-十七碳三烯烃2种成分, 在腺体中以100∶4.8±1.3 (N=12)的比例存在。槐庶尺蛾性信息素腺体提取物进一步经手性毛细管色谱柱(CycloSil-B, 30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm 液膜厚)分离, 在优化的程序升温条件下发现腺体成分顺6, 顺9-顺-3, 4-环氧-十七碳二烯烃具有3R, 4S的绝对构型。两种合成的对映异构体混合物顺6, 顺9-3R, 4S-环氧-十七碳二烯烃和顺6, 顺9-3S, 4R-环氧-十七碳二烯烃以1.28∶1的比例加到腺体提取物中, 比例变为1.55∶1。根据这一分析, 腺体成分顺6, 顺9-顺-3, 4-环氧-十七碳二烯烃进一步确认具有3R, 4S的绝对构型。该研究结论将为生产上研发高效的槐庶尺蛾性信息素诱芯奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
93.
Garcia-Manyes S Badilla CL Alegre-Cebollada J Javadi Y Fernández JM 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(24):20240-20247
Muscle elasticity strongly relies on the mechanical anchoring of the giant protein titin to both the sarcomere M-band and the Z-disk. Such strong attachment ensures the reversible dynamics of the stretching-relaxing cycles determining the muscle passive elasticity. Similarly, the design of biomaterials with enhanced elastic function requires experimental strategies able to secure the constituent molecules to avoid mechanical failure. Here we show that an engineered titin-mimicking protein is able to spontaneously dimerize in solution. Our observations reveal that the titin Z1Z2 domains are key to induce dimerization over a long-range distance in proteins that would otherwise remain in their monomeric form. Using single molecule force spectroscopy, we measure the threshold force that triggers the noncovalent transition from protein dimer to monomer, occurring at ~700 piconewtons. Such extremely high mechanical stability is likely to be a natural protective mechanism that guarantees muscle integrity. We propose a simple molecular model to understand the force-induced dimer-to-monomer transition based on the geometric distribution of forces occurring within a dimeric protein under mechanical tension. 相似文献
94.
Edwards LM Lawler NG Nikolic SB Peters JM Horne J Wilson R Davies NW Sharman JE 《Journal of lipid research》2012,53(9):1979-1986
Intralipid is a fat emulsion that is regularly infused into humans and animals. Despite its routine use, Intralipid infusion can cause serious adverse reactions, including immunosuppression. Intralipid is a complex mix of proteins, lipids, and other small molecules, and the effect of its infusion on the human plasma metabolome is unknown. We hypothesized that untargeted metabolomics of human plasma after an Intralipid infusion would reveal novel insights into its effects. We infused Intralipid and saline into 10 healthy men in a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment and used GC/MS, LC/MS, and NMR to profile the small-molecule composition of their plasma before and after infusion. Multivariate statistical analysis of the 40 resulting plasma samples revealed that after Intralipid infusion, a less-well-characterized pathway of linoleic acid metabolism had resulted in the appearance of (9Z)-12,13-dihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid (12,13-DHOME, P < 10(-3)), a leukotoxin that has powerful physiological effects and is known to inhibit the neutrophil respiratory burst. Intralipid infusion caused increased plasma 12,13-DHOME. Given that 12,13-DHOME is known to directly affect neutrophil function, we conclude that untargeted metabolomics may have revealed a hitherto-unknown mechanism of intralipid-induced immunosuppression. 相似文献
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98.
Judit Balog Peter E. Thijssen Jessica C. de Greef Bharati Shah Baziel G.M. van Engelen Kyoko Yokomori Stephen J. Tapscott Rabi Tawil Silvère M. van der Maarel 《Epigenetics》2012,7(6):579-584
The aim of our study was to identify relationships between epigenetic parameters correlating with a relaxed chromatin state of the DUX4 promoter region and clinical severity as measured by a clinical severity score or muscle pathologic changes in D4Z4 contraction-dependent (FSHD1) and –independent (FSHD2) facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients. Twenty primary fibroblast (5 control, 10 FSHD1 and 5 FSHD2) and 26 primary myoblast (9 control, 12 FSHD1 and 5 FSHD2) cultures originating from patients with FSHD and controls were analyzed. Histone modification levels were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. We examined correlations between the chromatin compaction score (ChCS) defined by the H3K9me3:H3K4me2 ratio and an age corrected clinical severity score (CSS) or muscle pathology score (MPS). Possible relationships were investigated using linear regression analysis and significance was tested by Pearson’s product-moment coefficient.
We found a significant difference of the ChCS between controls and patients with FSHD1 and between controls and patients with FSHD2. Tissue specific differences in ChCS were also observed. We also found a near-significant relationship between ChCS and the age corrected CSS in fibroblasts but not in myoblasts. Surprisingly, we found a strong correlation between the MPS of the vastus lateralis and the CSS. Our results confirm the D4Z4 chromatin relaxation previously shown to be associated with FSHD in a small number of samples. A possible relationship between clinical and epigenetic parameters could be established in patient fibroblasts, but not in myoblasts. The strong correlation between the MPS of the vastus lateralis and the CSS suggests that this muscle can be used to study for surrogate markers of overall disease severity. 相似文献
99.
地表覆盖栽培对雷竹林凋落物养分及其化学计量特征的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解不同覆盖栽培年限雷竹林凋落物养分及其化学计量特征,分析了换叶期雷竹林凋落物的凋落量,C、N、P、K养分含量,养分季节归还量以及养分元素生态化学计量比值在不同覆盖年限之间的差异。结果表明:(1)雷竹林在连续覆盖3a后,叶凋落量极显著性提高(P<0.01),在总凋落量中比例增加,但枝凋落量变化不明显。(2)连续3a覆盖对雷竹林凋落物中的养分含量影响极显著(P<0.01),C、N养分含量极显著降低,P含量极显著升高,而K养分含量在覆盖2a时就出现了显著增加的变化响应;林地凋落物的养分归还量同时还受凋落量的影响,其伴随覆盖年限增长的变化趋势与养分含量并不一致。(3)覆盖2a内的雷竹林地凋落物表现出稳定的高N∶P以及低P含量,表明凋落物分解速率较低;连续覆盖3a的林地凋落物P含量极显著升高,N∶P极显著下降(P<0.01),表明此时凋落物分解速率加快。(4)线性回归分析表明,凋落物中K元素随覆盖年限增长而消耗的规律与N、P元素无显著相关关系。 相似文献
100.