In silico modulation of apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins by mistletoe lectin-1: functional consequences of protein modifications

The mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) modulates tumor cell apoptosis by triggering signaling cascades through the complex interplay of phosphorylation and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. In particular, ML-1 is predicted to induce dephosphorylation of Bcl-2-family proteins and their alternative O-GlcNAc modification at specific, conserved Ser/Thr residues. The sites for phosphorylation and glycosylation were predicted and analyzed using Netphos 2.0 and YinOYang 1.2. The involvement of modified Ser/Thr, and among them the potential Yin Yang sites that may undergo both types of posttranslational modification, is proposed to mediate apoptosis modulation by ML-1.     

Seasonal dynamics,typhoons and the regulation of lake metabolism in a subtropical humic lake

1. We used high‐frequency in situ dissolved oxygen measurements to investigate the seasonal variability and factors regulating metabolism in a subtropical alpine lake in Taiwan between May 2004 and October 2005, specifically exploring how the typhoon season (from June or July to October) affects lake metabolism. 2. Gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R) both peaked in early summer and mid‐autumn but dropped during the typhoon season and winter. Yuan‐Yang Lake is a net heterotrophic ecosystem (annual mean net ecosystem production ?39.6 μmole O₂ m^?3). 3. Compared to the summer peaks, seasonal averages of GPP and R decreased by approximately 50% and 25%, respectively, during the typhoon season. Ecosystem respiration was more resistant to external disturbances than GPP and showed strong daily variation during typhoon seasons. 4. Changes in the quality and quantity of dissolved organic carbon controlled the temporal dynamics and metabolic regulation. External disturbances (typhoons) caused increased allochthony, increasing DOC and water colour and influencing lake metabolism. 5. Seasonal winter mixing and typhoon‐induced water mixing in summer and autumn play a key role in determining the extent to which the lake is a seasonal carbon sink or source to the atmosphere.     

新疆葱属—新变种

发表新疆葱属———一新变种 :哈马河葱     

山东不同地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊共生菌Wolbachia 的检测及鉴定

【目的】为了揭示山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang种群共生菌 Wolbachia 的感染率及其分类地位,探讨该共生菌对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的潜在影响。【方法】利用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（mtCOI）基因引物（LCO1490/HCO2198）,通过扩增测序和序列比对对采自山东省12个地区的根蛆种群进行了分类鉴定。在上述基础上,利用 Wolbachia 的16S rDNA和 wsp 基因特异引物（分别为16S-F/16S-R和81F/691R）对鉴别出的11个韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群体内Wolbachia 感染情况进行了PCR检测;对感染个体体内 Wolbachia 依据16S rDNA基因片段序列进行分类鉴定。【结果】山东省12个根蛆种群中,11个种群为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群。基于 Wolbachia 的16S rDNA基因特异引物检测结果发现,这些韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群广泛感染 Wolbachia （感染率为6.67%~93.33%）,而利用wsp 基因特异引物检测的感染率（0.00%~40.00%）相对较低些。基于 Wolbachia 的16S rDNA基因构建系统发育树表明,这些韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群感染的Wolbachia 全部属于A组。【结论】确定了 Wolbachia 在山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊体内的感染率及其分类地位,为研究 Wolbachia 对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生物学及生态学的影响奠定了基础。     

我国特有植物缙云卫矛同功酶变异的数量分析

研究了分布于重庆市的我国特有植物———缙云卫矛 7个居群 91个个体功能叶片的过氧化物酶、细胞色素氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶谱带的变异式样 ,用Jaccard结合系数的UPGMA法进行聚类分析和主成分分析 ,结果表明 :1 0 .81 %的同工酶谱带是恒定的 ,89.1 9%的同工酶谱带在个体间表现出或多或少的变异 ;居群有 2 9.73 %的同工酶谱带是恒定的 ,70 .2 7%的同工酶谱带在居群间存在着一定程度的分化。来自同一居群的个体在谱带上表现出极大的相似性 ,而来源于不同居群的个体却表现出明显的趋异性 ,这可能是环境因子作用的结果或者是由于不同地域间基因流阻断所致。     

栎黄枯叶蛾生长发育与几种寄主内含物的关系

【目的】探讨饲喂不同寄主植物对栎黄枯叶蛾Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang生长发育及繁殖的影响,分析寄主植物内含物与其生长发育及繁殖的关系,为研究不同寄主植物对栎黄枯叶蛾种群动态的影响提供理论依据。【方法】在室内条件下,利用沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides、山杏Armeniaca sibirica、山杨Populus davidiana、旱柳Salix matsudana饲养该虫,观察幼虫发育历期、蛹历期、蛹重及产卵量等指标,同时测定寄主叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、水分、单宁及黄酮的含量,并进行线性回归分析。【结果】不同寄主植物饲喂栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫的发育历期、蛹历期、蛹重及产卵量均存在显著差异。取食沙棘的幼虫历期最短,仅为(74.50?1.76)d,而取食旱柳历期最长,达(106.00?1.51)d。取食山杨的蛹历期最长,为(44.00?1.41)d,最短的是取食旱柳的,仅为(32.70?3.13)d。饲喂沙棘和山杏的雌、雄蛹重和成虫产卵量显著高于饲喂山杨和旱柳的。对不同寄主的营养物质、次生物质和水分含量测定结果表明:不同寄主间营养物质、次生物质与水分的含量差异显著。回归相关分析表明:幼虫发育历期与寄主植物可溶性蛋白质含量呈显著负相关;雌蛹重和产卵量与寄主植物可溶性糖含量呈显著负相关;雌、雄蛹重与寄主植物含水量呈显著正相关;蛹历期与单宁含量呈显著正相关,但黄酮含量的高低与栎黄枯叶蛾生长发育等指标无相关性。【结论】沙棘是栎黄枯叶蛾生长发育及繁殖的最适寄主植物;并且寄主植物中可溶性糖、单宁的含量低、含水量和可溶性蛋白质含量高有利于栎黄枯叶蛾的生长发育和繁殖。     

Identification of Yin Yang 1-interacting partners at −1026C/A in the human iNOS promoter

Previously we demonstrated the association between human iNOS −1026C/A variant and susceptibility to hypertension, and found that −1026C/A altered the Yin Yang 1 (YY1)-binding pattern. In the current study, we verified that −1026C/A was located in a vital regulatory region of the iNOS promoter, wherein existed a DNA-binding complex composed of YY1, nuclear factor I (NFI) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). We also observed that YY1 bound dominantly to −1026C, and NFI bound dominantly to −1026A. Furthermore, the repressive effect of YY1 was more evident than NFI on the iNOS promoter activity, resulting in a more marked reduction of iNOS expression via YY1/AP-1 than via NFI/AP-1 under the stimulation of cytomix. In conclusion, diverse binding affinities of YY1 and its interacting partners to iNOS −1026C/A resulted in differential promoter activity, and potent inhibition of iNOS expression by YY1/AP-1 complex with −1026C may contribute to an enhanced risk for hypertension.     

基于心脾同治理论观察扶正养心汤对焦虑性失眠患者的临床疗效

摘要 目的：观察扶正养心汤治疗心脾两虚型焦虑性失眠患者的临床疗效,探索扶正养心汤治疗心脾两虚型焦虑性失眠的可能性机制。方法：在中医情志病门诊就诊患者中,选取的心脾两虚型焦虑性失眠患者50例,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各25例,对照组给予艾司唑仑片,1 mg,1次/d,观察组在对照上基础上加服扶正养心汤,2次/d,共14天,分别在治疗前后,比较两组患者WBC、IL-6、IgA表达水平以及生活质量评分（SF-36）、匹兹堡睡眠质量量表（PSQI）评分、焦虑自测量表（SAS）评分、中医证候积分及治疗后总有效率。结果：治疗后,组内相比,两组患者WBC、IL-6、IgA表达水平均较前下降（P＜0.05）,两组患者PSQI评分、SAS评分均较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,SF-36评分较前升高（P＜0.05）,观察组中医证候积分降低（P＜0.05）,对照组中医证候积分降低无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;组间相比,观察组WBC、IL-6、IgA较对照组降低更明显（P＜0.05）,SF-36较对照组提升更为明显（P＜0.05）,PSQI评分和SAS评分降低更明显（P＜0.05）,且总有效率更高（P＜0.05）。结论：扶正养心汤可改善心脾两虚型焦虑性失眠患者睡眠质量、临床症状和生活质量;相较于单纯使用艾司唑仑,疗效更佳。可能与扶正养心汤可降低患者WBC、IL-6、IgA水平相关。     

Pharmacological basis of 'Yin-nourishing' and 'Yang-invigorating' actions of Cordyceps, a Chinese tonifying herb

Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. (Cordyceps), a popular Chinese tonifying herb, was revered for being both 'Yin-nourishing' and 'Yang-invigorating' in Chinese medicine. In order to establish the pharmacological basis for the 'Yin-nourishing' and 'Yang-invigorating' action of Cordyceps, the effects of wild and cultured Cordyceps on concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocytes, an in vitro bioassay for 'Yin-nourishment', and myocardial ATP generation capacity, an ex vivo bioassay for 'Yang-invigoration', were investigated in mice. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of wild and cultured Cordyceps enhanced both the Con A-stimulated splenocyte proliferation in vitro and myocardial mitochondrial ATP generation ex vivo in mice, with no significant difference in potency of action between the two types of Cordyceps. While the immuno-potentiating effect was associated with the increase in interleukin II production, the stimulation of myocardial ATP generation was paralleled by an enhancement in mitochondrial electron transport. When compared with typical 'Yin' and 'Yang' tonifying Chinese herbs, Cordyceps was found to possess both 'Yin-nourishing' and 'Yang-invigorating' activities, with a lower potency in both modes of action. The pharmacological characterization of Cordyceps by means of contemporary bioassays is consistent with the time-honored clinical observation from Chinese herbalists.