全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4858篇 |
免费 | 293篇 |
国内免费 | 151篇 |
专业分类
5302篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 68篇 |
2022年 | 133篇 |
2021年 | 173篇 |
2020年 | 199篇 |
2019年 | 256篇 |
2018年 | 215篇 |
2017年 | 126篇 |
2016年 | 137篇 |
2015年 | 215篇 |
2014年 | 364篇 |
2013年 | 338篇 |
2012年 | 268篇 |
2011年 | 313篇 |
2010年 | 238篇 |
2009年 | 277篇 |
2008年 | 301篇 |
2007年 | 300篇 |
2006年 | 253篇 |
2005年 | 245篇 |
2004年 | 195篇 |
2003年 | 151篇 |
2002年 | 128篇 |
2001年 | 75篇 |
2000年 | 61篇 |
1999年 | 42篇 |
1998年 | 49篇 |
1997年 | 36篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5302条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
CAX‐ing a wide net: Cation/H+ transporters in metal remediation and abiotic stress signalling 下载免费PDF全文
Cation/proton exchangers (CAXs) are a class of secondary energised ion transporter that are being implicated in an increasing range of cellular and physiological functions. CAXs are primarily Ca2+ efflux transporters that mediate the sequestration of Ca2+ from the cytosol, usually into the vacuole. Some CAX isoforms have broad substrate specificity, providing the ability to transport trace metal ions such as Mn2+ and Cd2+, as well as Ca2+. In recent years, genomic analyses have begun to uncover the expansion of CAXs within the green lineage and their presence within non‐plant species. Although there appears to be significant conservation in tertiary structure of CAX proteins, there is diversity in function of CAXs between species and individual isoforms. For example, in halophytic plants, CAXs have been recruited to play a role in salt tolerance, while in metal hyperaccumulator plants CAXs are implicated in cadmium transport and tolerance. CAX proteins are involved in various abiotic stress response pathways, in some cases as a modulator of cytosolic Ca2+ signalling, but in some situations there is evidence of CAXs acting as a pH regulator. The metal transport and abiotic stress tolerance functions of CAXs make them attractive targets for biotechnology, whether to provide mineral nutrient biofortification or toxic metal bioremediation. The study of non‐plant CAXs may also provide insight into both conserved and novel transport mechanisms and functions. 相似文献
62.
Ribeiro FM Black SA Prado VF Rylett RJ Ferguson SS Prado MA 《Journal of neurochemistry》2006,99(1):1-12
Maintenance of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis depends on the activity of the high-affinity choline transporter (CHT1), which is responsible for the reuptake of choline from the synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurons. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of mechanisms involved in the cellular trafficking of CHT1. CHT1 protein is mainly found in intracellular organelles, such as endosomal compartments and synaptic vesicles. The presence of CHT1 at the plasma membrane is limited by rapid endocytosis of the transporter in clathrin-coated pits in a mechanism dependent on a dileucine-like motif present in the carboxyl-terminal region of the transporter. The intracellular pool of CHT1 appears to constitute a reserve pool of transporters, important for maintenance of cholinergic neurotransmission. However, the physiological basis of the presence of CHT1 in intracellular organelles is not fully understood. Current knowledge about CHT1 indicates that stimulated and constitutive exocytosis, in addition to endocytosis, will have major consequences for regulating choline uptake. Future investigations of CHT1 trafficking should elucidate such regulatory mechanisms, which may aid in understanding the pathophysiology of diseases that affect cholinergic neurons, such as Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
63.
Sebastian Schneider Arno Schintlmeister Manuel Becana Michael Wagner Dagmar Woebken Stefanie Wienkoop 《Plant, cell & environment》2019,42(4):1180-1189
Legume–rhizobia symbioses play a major role in food production for an ever growing human population. In this symbiosis, dinitrogen is reduced (“fixed”) to ammonia by the rhizobial nitrogenase enzyme complex and is secreted to the plant host cells, whereas dicarboxylic acids derived from photosynthetically produced sucrose are transported into the symbiosomes and serve as respiratory substrates for the bacteroids. The symbiosome membrane contains high levels of SST1 protein, a sulfate transporter. Sulfate is an essential nutrient for all living organisms, but its importance for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nodule metabolism has long been underestimated. Using chemical imaging, we demonstrate that the bacteroids take up 20‐fold more sulfate than the nodule host cells. Furthermore, we show that nitrogenase biosynthesis relies on high levels of imported sulfate, making sulfur as essential as carbon for the regulation and functioning of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Our findings thus establish the importance of sulfate and its active transport for the plant–microbe interaction that is most relevant for agriculture and soil fertility. 相似文献
64.
The yeast glucose transporters Hxt1, Hxt2, Hxt3, Hxt4, Hxt6, Hxt7 and Gal2, individually expressed in an hxt1-7 null mutant strain, demonstrate the phenomenon of countertransport. Thus, these transporters, which are the most important glucose transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are facilitated diffusion transporters. Apparent K(m)-values from high to low affinity, determined from countertransport and initial-uptake experiments, respectively, are: Hxt6 0.9+/-0.2 and 1.4+/-0.1 mM, Hxt7 1.3+/-0.3 and 1.9+/-0.1 mM, Gal2 1.5 and 1.6+/-0.1 mM, Hxt2 2.9+/-0.3 and 4.6+/-0.3 mM, Hxt4 6.2+/-0.5 and 6.2+/-0.3 mM, Hxt3 28.6+/-6.8 and 34.2+/-3.2 mM, and Hxt1 107+/-49 and 129+/-9 mM. From both independent methods, countertransport and initial uptake, the same range of apparent K(m)-values was obtained for each transporter. In contrast to that in human erythrocytes, the facilitated diffusion transport mechanism of glucose in yeast was symmetric. Besides facilitated diffusion there existed in all single glucose transport mutants, except for the HXT1 strain, significant first-order behaviour. 相似文献
65.
66.
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) facilitates the transfer of phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins into HDL. PLTP has been shown to be an important factor in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. Here, we report that chronic high-fat, high-cholesterol diet feeding markedly increased plasma cholesterol levels in C57BL/6 mice. PLTP deficiency attenuated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by dramatically reducing apolipoprotein E-rich lipoproteins (-88%) and, to a lesser extent, LDL (-40%) and HDL (-35%). Increased biliary cholesterol secretion, indicated by increased hepatic ABCG5/ABCG8 gene expression, and decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption may contribute to the lower plasma cholesterol in PLTP-deficient mice. The expression of proinflammatory genes (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) is reduced in aorta of PLTP knockout mice compared with wild-type mice fed either a chow or a high-cholesterol diet. Furthermore, plasma interleukin-6 levels are significantly lower in PLTP-deficient mice, indicating reduced systemic inflammation. These data suggest that PLTP appears to play a proatherogenic role in diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. 相似文献
67.
Funaki M Benincasa K Randhawa PK 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2007,360(4):891-896
Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 recruitment to the plasma membrane is impaired in insulin resistance. We recently reported that a cell permeable phosphoinositide-binding peptide induces GLUT4 recruitment as potently as insulin, but does not activate GLUT4 to initiate glucose uptake. Here we investigated whether the peptide-induced GLUT4 recruitment is intact in insulin resistance. The expression levels of GLUT1 and GLUT4 were unaffected by chronically treating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin. GLUT4 recruitment by acute insulin stimulation after chronic insulin treatment was significantly reduced, but was fully restored by the peptide treatment. However, subsequent acute insulin stimulation to activate GLUT4 failed to increase glucose uptake in peptide-pretreated cells. Insulin-stimulated GLUT1 recruitment was unaffected by the peptide pretreatment. These results suggest that the GLUT4 recruitment signal caused by the peptide is intact in insulin resistance, but GLUT4 activation that occurs subsequent to recruitment is not rescued by the peptide treatment. 相似文献
68.
Taylor Richards Kavindiya Modarage Charlotte Dean Aidan McCarthy-Boxer Helen Hilton Chris Esapa Jill Norman Patricia Wilson Paraskevi Goggolidou 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2019,1865(2):378-390
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) is a genetic disorder with an incidence of ~1:20,000 that manifests in a wide range of renal and liver disease severity in human patients and can lead to perinatal mortality. ARPKD is caused by mutations in PKHD1, which encodes the large membrane protein, Fibrocystin, required for normal branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud during embryonic renal development. The variation in ARPKD phenotype suggests that in addition to PKHD1 mutations, other genes may play a role, acting as modifiers of disease severity. One such pathway involves non-canonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signalling that has been associated with other cystic kidney diseases, but has not been investigated in ARPKD. Analysis of the AtminGpg6 mouse showed kidney, liver and lung abnormalities, suggesting it as a novel mouse tool for the study of ARPKD. Further, modulation of Atmin affected Pkhd1 mRNA levels, altered non-canonical Wnt/PCP signalling and impacted cellular proliferation and adhesion, although Atmin does not bind directly to the C-terminus of Fibrocystin. Differences in ATMIN and VANGL2 expression were observed between normal human paediatric kidneys and age-matched ARPKD kidneys. Significant increases in ATMIN, WNT5A, VANGL2 and SCRIBBLE were seen in human ARPKD versus normal kidneys; no substantial differences were seen in DAAM2 or NPHP2. A striking increase in E-cadherin was also detected in ARPKD kidneys. This work indicates a novel role for non-canonical Wnt/PCP signalling in ARPKD and suggests ATMIN as a modulator of PKHD1. 相似文献
69.
糖尿病小型猪三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1表达的变化 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
用贵州小香猪建立2型糖尿病动物模型,探讨糖尿病小型猪三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达的变化.采用高脂高蔗糖饲料喂养贵州小香猪,建立2型糖尿病动物模型.血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和葡萄糖的浓度均用氧化酶法测定,血浆游离脂肪酸(FFA)用比色法测定, 采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应、蛋白质印迹和免疫组织化学分别检测ABCA1mRNA和蛋白质的表达.喂养6个月后,实验组与正常对照组比较,空腹血糖值明显升高;空腹胰岛素水平在头3个月轻度升高,在第6个月末其水平降低; 血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸水平升高;肝组织、冠状动脉、肾组织ABCA1表达上调,同时观测到糖尿病小型猪肝组织LXRα表达上调.结果提示高脂高蔗糖饲料可引起小型猪脂质和糖代谢紊乱, 并导致肝组织、冠状动脉和肾组织ABCA1表达上调以及肝组织LXRα表达上调. 相似文献