Electrophysiology of the Circadian Pacemaker in Mammals

The neurons of the mammalian suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) control circadian rhythms in molecular, physiological, endocrine, and behavioral functions. In the SCN, circadian rhythms are generated at the level of individual neurons. The last decade has provided a wealth of information on the genetic basis for circadian rhythm generation. In comparison, a modest but growing number of studies have investigated how the molecular rhythm is translated into neuronal function. Neuronal attributes have been measured at the cellular and tissue level with a variety of electrophysiological techniques. We have summarized electrophysiological research on neurons that constitute the SCN in an attempt to provide a comprehensive view on the current state of the art.     

Fluorescent cationic probes for nuclei of living cells: why are they selective? A quantitative structure–activity relations analysis

Selectivity of nuclear probes is controlled by competitive accumulation of the probe by cellular organelles as well as the high affinity for nucleic acids. Physicochemical features of probes which favor nucleic acid binding include cationic character and a planar aromatic system above a minimum size. Features of probes which permit entry into cells are low protein and lipid binding. Features which reduce accumulation in non-nuclear sites include high base strength and hydrophilicity of the cation. The overall quantitative structure–activity (QSAR) model specifying nuclear accumulation may be expressed as follows: CBN<40; 8>log P _{neutral species}>0; AI<8; Z>0; -5<log P _cation<0; pK _a >10; LCF>17; LCF/CBN>0.70 (where CBN is the conjugated bond number, log P _x the logarithm of the water–octanol partition coefficient of species x, AI the amphilicity index, Z the electric charge, pK _a the negative logarithm of the equilibrium constant for the free base–protonated base reaction, and LCF the largest conjugated fragment). Preliminary applications of the QSAR model—to the selection of anticancer drugs, minimization of dye and drug toxicity and the designed synthesis of fluorescent probes—are outlined.     

A new method for surface staining large slices of fixed brain using a copper phthalocyanine dye

Here we describe a method for gross staining of gray matter in slices of formaldehyde-fixed human brain. After protection of white matter with 4% phenol at 60°C for 5 min followed by a cold water wash, the gray matter was stained for 10-15 min at 20-25°C with 1% aqueous copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CPTS). The staining resisted all attempts to be washed from the gray matter. Stained slices can be stored indefinitely in slightly acidified water, or plastinated as permanent dry specimens.     

冷光美白技术漂白活髓着色牙的临床疗效分析

目的:评价应用Beyond冷光美白技术漂白活髓着色牙的临床疗效。方法:选择牙齿变色病人117例,其中外源性染色牙18例,氟牙症16例,四环素染色牙47例,增龄性变色牙36例,该组病例的前牙及第一前磨牙均为活髓牙,采用Beyond冷光漂白法治疗,美白效果用Vita比色板进行前后比较。结果:外源性着色牙与增龄性变色牙美白疗效较好,平均提高6.09个色阶。对氟牙症疗效也较明显,但颜色分布不均匀,仍会有条纹或斑块状白斑。对轻、中度的四环素牙平均可提高3.46个色阶,重度四环素牙疗效欠佳。结论:Beyond冷光美白技术是目前治疗活髓变色牙特别简捷、安全和有效的方法之一。     

A new method for surface staining large slices of fixed brain using a copper phthalocyanine dye

Here we describe a method for gross staining of gray matter in slices of formaldehyde-fixed human brain. After protection of white matter with 4% phenol at 60°C for 5 min followed by a cold water wash, the gray matter was stained for 10-15 min at 20-25°C with 1% aqueous copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CPTS). The staining resisted all attempts to be washed from the gray matter. Stained slices can be stored indefinitely in slightly acidified water, or plastinated as permanent dry specimens.     

Effects of light competition and litter on the performance of Viola palustris and on species composition and diversity of an abandoned fen meadow

Theeffects of light competition and litter on seedling recruitment and theperformance of established individuals were examined in Violapalustris. This polycarpic perennial plant was a common component ofspecies-rich fen meadows in northwestern Germany until the middle of thiscentury, but today is considered to be regionally endangered. From summer 1996until summer 1998 a bi-factorial field experiment combining three standing croptreatments (mowing, thinning, control) with two litter layer treatments (litterremoval, no litter removal) was carried out in an abandoned fen meadow toinvestigate the effects of these factors both on V.palustris and on aboveground species composition and diversity.MANOVAs (multivariate analysis of variance) revealed significant treatmenteffects for the performance of V. palustris related toexperimental manipulation. Mowing increased vital attributes including thenumber of rosette leaves, the percentage of individuals with chasmogamous andcleistogamous flowers and the number of rhizomes. In contrast, the length of theleafstalk, mean leaf area and the length of rhizomes were negatively associatedwith mowing. Litter removal significantly increased the number of V.palustris seedlings. The removal of the litter layer already resultedin an increase in aboveground species richness in the first year of theexperiment. After three years of experimental manipulation, both abovegroundspecies richness and diversity were positively associated with mowing.Redundancy Analysis showed that typical wet meadow species (Cardaminepratensis, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lotuspedunculatus) and species of mesotrophic fens (Violapalustris, Agrostis canina, Potentillapalustris) were positively influenced by mowing. It can be concludedthat V. palustris recruitment and growth is promoted by aregular disturbance regime on fen meadows. The conservation of many typicalspecies of wet meadows and fens in northwestern Germany depends on moderategrazing or cutting. These management types prevent successional changes whichlead to an increase in standing crop and the development of a litter layer, bothof which can cause local extinction.     

染色域Y样蛋白介导的组蛋白巴豆酰化与抑郁小鼠模型中NGF和炎症因子水平及神经功能紊乱的关系

摘要 目的：探究染色域Y样蛋白介导的组蛋白巴豆酰化与抑郁小鼠模型中神经生长因子（Nerve growth factor,NGF）和炎症因子水平及神经功能紊乱的关系。方法：32只成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠分为4组：对照组、模型组、CDYL过表达组、CDYL敲低组,各8只。通过慢性束缚应激诱导抑郁模型,通过旷场试验记录中心时间和中心距离,通过强迫游泳测试记录不动时间。通过RT-qPCR和蛋白质免疫印迹检测CDYL mRNA和蛋白质表达水平。通过ChIP-seq检测组蛋白赖氨酸巴豆酰化。通过ELISA检测TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6表达水平。通过RT-qPCR检测检测海马组织5-HT和IDO mRNA表达水平。通过蛋免疫组织化学染色检测检测海马组织NGF、BDNF和突触素（Synaptophysin,SYP）表达水平。通过BrdU免疫荧光染色检测神经系统的发育以及识别大脑中的神经发生。结果：模型组中心时间和中心距离较对照组降低,不动时间较对照组升高（P<0.05）。CDYL过表达组中心时间和中心距离较模型组降低,不动时间较模型组升高（P<0.05）。CDYL敲低组中心时间和中心距离较模型组升高,不动时间较模型组降低（P<0.05）。模型组CDYL mRNA和蛋白质表达水平较对照组升高（P<0.05）。CDYL过表达组CDYL mRNA和蛋白质表达水平较模型组升高（P<0.05）。CDYL敲低组TCDYL mRNA和蛋白质表达水平较模型组降低（P<0.05）。模型组组蛋白巴豆酰化水平较对照组降低（P<0.05）。CDYL过表达组组蛋白巴豆酰化水平较模型组降低（P<0.05）。CDYL敲低组组蛋白巴豆酰化较模型组升高（P<0.05）。模型组TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6表达水平较对照组升高（P<0.05）。CDYL过表达组TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6表达水平较模型组升高（P<0.05）。CDYL敲低组TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6表达水平较模型组降低（P<0.05）。模型组5-HT mRNA表达水平较对照组降低,IDO mRNA表达水平较对照组升高（P<0.05）。CDYL过表达组5-HT mRNA表达水平较模型组降低,IDO mRNA表达水平较模型组升高（P<0.05）。CDYL敲低组5-HT mRNA表达水平较模型组升高,IDO mRNA表达水平较模型组降低（P<0.05）。模型组NGF,BDNF和SYP表达水平较对照组降低（P<0.05）。CDYL过表达组NGF、BDNF和SYP表达水平较模型组降低。CDYL敲低组NGF,BDNF和SYP表达水平较模型组升高（P<0.05）。结论：慢性束缚应激诱导抑郁模型组蛋白巴豆酰化降低、炎症因子水平升高、NGF、BDNF和SYP水平降低以及神经功能紊乱,CDYL过表达组较慢性束缚应模型激进一步加剧炎症反应和神经功能紊乱,而CDYL敲低对慢性束缚应激引起的新生细胞和未成熟神经元损伤具有保护作用。     

七氟烷联合右美托咪定对腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术患者生命体征、血清炎性因子和疼痛介质P物质、前列腺素E2的影响

摘要 目的：探讨七氟烷联合右美托咪定对腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术患者生命体征、血清炎性因子和疼痛介质P物质（SP）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）的影响。方法：选取安徽医科大学附属合肥医院2019年8月~2022年1月期间择期行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术患者92例。根据随机数字表法将入选患者分为对照组（46例）和研究组（46例）。对照组接受七氟烷麻醉,研究组接受七氟烷联合右美托咪定麻醉,比较两组生命体征、血清炎性因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）]、疼痛指标[视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）、SP、PGE2]、苏醒质量和不良反应发生率。结果：研究组插管后5 min（T1）、术毕（T2）心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h（T3）、术后48 h（T4）TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组T3、T4时VAS、PGE2、SP低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组苏醒时间、拔管时间无显著差异（P>0.05）。研究组的躁动评分小于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术中应用七氟烷联合右美托咪定,可使术后躁动减轻,血流动力学稳定,有效改善术后疼痛和炎性反应。     

不同固定液和染色方法显示山羊子宫内肥大细胞效果的比较

目的探讨用不同固定液和染色方法对显示处于间情期山羊子宫肥大细胞的影响。方法用四种不同的固定方法,应用改良甲苯胺蓝（MTB）染色法和阿尔辛蓝-番红花红（AB-S）染色法显示处于间情期山羊子宫肥大细胞。结果山羊子宫组织采用Carnoy氏液固定,MTB和AB-S染色对所有的肥大细胞均可获得良好的染色反应,但10％中性福尔马林,4％多聚甲醛,Bouin氏液固定的组织仅有少量肥大细胞着染。结论MTB和AB-S染色法均是山羊子宫肥大细胞良好的染色方法。     

免疫金银增强染色技术在电镜中的应用

将银显影染色技术应用于免疫电镜胶体金增强反应,通过电镜和图像分析仪观察分析其效果。显示：温度２０℃时,随着银显影４、６、８ｍｉｎ,１０ｎｍ胶体金颗粒分别增大至１１．４６ｎｍ、１５．１２ｎｍ、１７．１５ｎｍ,使其在电镜较低放大倍数下易于观察,高倍镜下观察抗原定位清晰准确。在胶体金免疫电镜中,小直径金颗粒较为敏感,但低倍镜下不易观察和摄片。本实验方法克服了这一缺点。要获得理想的银显影染色效果,须控制好温度和时间;温度偏高,银显影反应速度过快,不易掌握;时间过长,金颗粒过度增大,呈现不规则形态,而且易使背景着色。