Diurnal variability in a fish assemblage of a Bahamian coral reef

Synopsis Variation in the diurnal composition of a fish assemblage of a Bahamian coral reef was investigated by comparing visual counts of fishes taken along a 100 × 4 m wide fixed transect at four times: 0900, 1200, 1500 and 1800 hours during the summer of 1979. One sample per day was obtained at each time period over a span of 20 consecutive days. Forty-two species were recorded in these samples, with 25 occurring frequently enough to permit statistical analysis of diurnal variations in abundance. Of the 25 species compared, nearly one fourth (6 species) displayed significant variation in abundance patterns among the four time periods tested. It is suggested, because of the strong possibility of bias which might otherwise be introduced because of these variations, that repetitive quantitative visual censusing of coral reef fishes be undertaken at about the same time each day.     

Terminal distribution of retinal fibers in the tegu lizard (Tupinambis nigropunctatus)

Summary The retinal projections in the tegu lizard were traced using degeneration-silver methods. Bilateral projections were found to the dorsolateral geniculate and the posterodorsal nuclei. Unilateral, crossed projections were traced to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus, the mesencephalic lentiform nucleus, nucleus geniculatus praetectalis, the ectomammillary nucleus, and the optic tectum. Some of these connections are distinctly different from those reported in other reptiles and suggest that important interspecific variations occur among reptiles.     

The parcellation theory and its relation to interspecific variability in brain organization,evolutionary and ontogenetic development,and neuronal plasticity

Summary Recently discovered neocortical equivalents in anamniotes and certain patterns of interspecific variability in brain organization provide new insights into evolutionary and ontogenetic mechanisms of development. The new data suggest that nervous systems become more complex, not by one system invading another, but by a process of parcellation that involves the selective loss of connections of the newly formed daughter aggregates and subsystems. The parcellation process is reflected in the normal ontogenetic development of the CNS in a given species and can be manipulated, to a certain extent, by deprivation or surgically induced sprouting.The parcellation theory allows certain predictions about the range of variation of a given system at all levels of analysis including the cellular and aggregate levels. For example, the interspecific variability in organization of cortical columns, thalamic nuclei, cortical areas and tectal layers can be explained. The findings, summarized here, suggest that diffuse, undifferentiated systems existed in the beginning of vertebrate evolution and that during the evolution of complex behaviors, and analytical capacities related to these behaviors, a range of patterns of neural systems evolved that relate to these functions. One principle underlying the growth, differentiation and multiplication of neural systems appears to be the process of parcellation as defined by the theory.Presented in part at the meeting of the British Society for Experimental Biology, Belfast, Ireland, July 1979     

Upper limit on translational diffusion of visual pigment in intact unfixed barnacle photoreceptors

Translational diffusion of pigment molecules in the disc membranes of amphibian rod outer segments is in the range of 10 /10 s. Recently, Goldsmith and Wehner set an upper limit of 10 /20 min to the diffusion in isolated formaldehyde-fixed rhabdoms of crayfish. We have now used the early receptor potential (ERP) to study the diffusion in intact, unfixed barnacle photoreceptors. The ERP from a cell fully adapted to blue light (most of the pigment in the rhodopsin state) was changed by 8–22% of its maximum change when the pigment in a 30 m spot was (almost) completely shifted to the metarhodopsin state by red laser adaptation. Further red illumination of the same spot 30 min later produced only a limited further change in the ERP (attributable to light scatter), showing that R had not migrated into the spot. It is concluded that the visual pigment diffuses by less than 30 /30 min.Based on material presented at the European Neurosciences Meeting, Florence, September 1978     

可视软性喉镜与光棒在颈椎损伤手术患者全身麻醉气管插管中的应用效果比较

目的:比较可视软性喉镜与光棒用于颈椎损伤手术患者全身麻醉气管插管的有效性与安全性。方法:选择2017年1月至2019年2月本院60例高位颈椎骨折需行气管插管全身麻醉的患者,随机分为可视软性喉镜组(U组)和光棒组(G组)各30例。术前所有患者颈托固定,U组使用UE可视软性喉镜行气管插管,G组使用光棒行气管插管,确认气管插管成功后接呼吸机机械通气。比较两组气管插管时间、一次性插管成功率、拔管后口咽部并发症、插管前后的皮层体感诱发电位(CSEP)及运动诱发电位(MMEP)的变化。记录两组患者麻醉前、麻醉诱导后、气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、气管插管后3 min的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。结果:U组气管插管时间较G组插管时间长(P0.05);U组和G组气管插管一次性成功率分别为95%和100%;插管后即刻G组患者MAP升高较U明显(P0.05);与U组比较,G组插管后即刻及插管后1 min、3 min的HR升高较明显(P0.05);U组患者口咽部并发症较G组少;两组患者插管后SSEP及MMEP与插管前相比无阳性改变。结论:可视软性喉镜较光棒需要更长的气管插管时间,两者的气管插管一次性成功率均较高,但可视软性喉镜插管期间循环波动较小、术后口咽部并发症较轻,值得临床推广应用。     

关节镜下同期行冻结肩松解术对肩袖损伤患者的治疗效果评估

目的:评估关节镜下同期行冻结肩松解术对肩袖损伤患者的治疗效果。方法:选择2015年3月到2018年3月在我院诊治的肩袖损伤患者70例进行研究,按随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=36)和对照组(n=34)。对照组采用传统小切口肩袖修复术治疗,观察组采用关节镜下同期行冻结肩松解术进行治疗。比较两组治疗后疗效、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、疼痛减轻时间、治疗前后VAS、美国肩肘外科协会评分(ASES)、Contant-Muley评分的变化情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为94.44%,显著高于对照组(73.53%,P0.05);观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及疼痛减轻时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组VAS、ASES、Contant-Muley评分较治疗前均显著改善(P0.05),且观察组VAS评分明显低于对照组,ASES及Contant-Muley评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:关节镜下同期行冻结肩松解术治疗肩袖损伤的临床疗效显著优于传统小切口肩袖修复术治疗,其可显著促进关节功能恢复,并减轻患者痛苦。     

视觉功能训练联合托吡卡胺滴眼液治疗假性近视的临床疗效观察

摘要 目的：探讨视觉功能训练联合托吡卡胺滴眼液在治疗假性近视中的临床疗效。方法：选取中国人民解放军陆军特色医学中心眼科和重庆佑佑宝贝妇儿医院眼科2019年2月至2019年8月收治的400例假性近视患儿作为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组(n=200)。对照组给予滴眼液缓解眼疲劳治疗,观察组则采用视觉功能训练联合托吡卡胺滴眼液治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前及治疗2个月、6个月后裸眼视力、眼轴长度、屈光度、正相对调节量和视疲劳评分的变化。结果：治疗2个月和6个月后,观察组患儿裸眼视力分别为(0.75±0.05)和(0.81±0.04),较对照组显著上升(P<0.05);屈光度分别为(+0.05±0.50)和(+0.06±0.48),明显高于对照组(P<0.05);正相对调节量检测结果依次是(-1.98±0.07)和(-2.51±0.24),较对照组明显增加(P<0.05)。两组患儿视觉感知双眼视功能均有明显改善,其中观察组视觉功能恢复显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。视疲劳调查显示观察组患儿视疲劳评分分别为(6.90±0.89)分和(3.91±0.89)分,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：视觉功能训练联合托吡卡胺滴眼液治疗能有效提高患儿裸眼视力、改善屈光度、正相对调节量和视觉感知功能,从而减少视疲劳,预防近视。     

Survey of chest radiography systems: Any link between contrast detail measurements and visual grading analysis?

PurposeTo evaluate image quality of chest radiography for a number of systems in Belgium, using a contrast-detail (c-d) test object and Visual Grading Analysis (VGA) of an anthropomorphic phantom.MethodsThe study comprised 22 chest imaging systems in Belgium. C-d data were measured using Leeds TO20 test object, imaged using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thicknesses of 9, 13 and 16 cm. Images of the Lungman phantom, with additional tissue-equivalent chest plates to represent different patient sizes, were then acquired. Perceived image quality was evaluated using VGA by three radiologists. Images were acquired at a patient equivalent position with system-specific exposure settings for Posterior-Anterior chest protocol. Incident air kerma (IAK) was measured using a solid-state dosemeter.ResultsC-d results showed large differences between the systems. Total number of visible discs ranged from 38 to 83 (for 9 cm PMMA) with a consistent average drop of 10% as PMMA thickness was systematically increased. However, no correlation was found between number of visible discs and IAK. Perceived image quality scored by the readers from the Lungman images decreased with increasing phantom thickness, however no correlation of VGA score with IAK was seen. Moderate correlation was found between the VGA score of one of the readers and the TO20 results, and no correlation for the rest.ConclusionsThe spread in dose and image quality measures was high and no correlation was seen between either image quality measure and IAK, suggesting the need for optimization. A more powerful tool is required for task-based optimization in chest radiography.     

Effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure,visual acuity and C-reactive protein

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsA total of 163 POAG patients (266 eyes) admitted to our hospital from February 2015 to July 2017 were selected and divided into observation group (81 cases, 132 eyes, latanoprost eye drops) and control group (82 cases, 134 eyes, timolol maleate eye drops) according to different treatment plans. The clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment was evaluated. The IOP, visual acuity and CRP level were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Then the adverse reactions of the two groups were observed and recorded.ResultsAfter treatment, the total effective rate was 92.59% (75 cases) in the observation group and was 80.49% (66 cases) in the control group, with statistic difference between groups (P < 0.05); The IOP, visual acuity and CRP level between the two groups before treatment showed no statistic difference, the mentioned three indexes of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment, and statistic difference was found before and after treatment (P < 0.05); Moreover, the above three indicators had statistically significant differences between groups after treatment (P < 0.05); The difference of intraocular pressure and visual acuity between the two groups before and after treatment were statistically different (P < 0.05); After treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group such as allergy, vomiting, breathlessness and tachycardia were not significantly different from those in the control group (P > 0.05).ConclusionLatanoprost can improve IOP, visual acuity, and CRP levels. It improves eye hemodynamics, and has significant efficacy in treating primary open-angle glaucoma. Also, it has good security.